Abstract: An improved boiler apparatus having multiple resistive heating elements are provided with fixed resistances that can be rewired to allow dual voltage capability and at the same time, reduced watt density. For 120V operation, the large diameter 9-ohm coil is used alone to provide the lowest possible watt density. For 240V operation, all three heating coils are wired in series, creating a low watt density but high wattage heater.

Abstract: A heat exchanger includes a core and a header tank. The header tank includes a partition, a first inlet pipe, and a second inlet pipe. The partition divides an inside passage of the header tank into a first tank and a second tank. The first inlet pipe introduces a first fluid into the first tank. The second inlet pipe introduces a second fluid into the second tank. The first inlet pipe is inclined at a predetermined angle except a right angle relative to an outer surface of the header tank such that a flow direction of the first fluid flowing from the first inlet pipe to the first tank includes a component in a predetermined direction from a first end of the first tank provided with the partition to a second end of the first tank opposite to the first end.

Abstract: An apparatus for cooling a high heat-generating vehicle component includes an air compressor assembly operable in a heat-generating mode, in which the air compressor assembly has a relatively low capability to absorb heat energy from a coolant that has passed through a high heat-generating vehicle component. The coolant may be passed through a heat exchanger submerged in an oil reservoir of the air compressor assembly to facilitate the heat exchange. The air compressor assembly can also be operated in a non-heat-generating mode, in which the air compressor assembly has a relatively higher capability to absorb heat energy from the coolant that has passed through the high heat-generating vehicle component.

Abstract: The system for storage includes spent nuclear fuel arranged in a drift and at least one first mechanical structure configured to cause a target material to move in the drift. The at least one first mechanical structure is configured to at least assist in actively controlling an exposure rate of the target material to the spent nuclear fuel while the target material is being exposed to the spent nuclear fuel. The system includes at least one second mechanical structure configured to remove the target material from the drift after the target material is exposed to the spent nuclear fuel.

Abstract: A heat exchanger is disclosed that includes a cold heat exchange zone including a foam material having an annular geometry and having fluid distribution and collection slots configured to distribute a cooling fluid circumferentially through the foam material.

Abstract: A heat exchanger includes a tube, a corrugated fin, and a plurality of grooves. The corrugated fin has a plurality of bent portions and a plurality of fin main bodies disposed between the bent portions. The multiple grooves are arranged at specified intervals from each other and are formed on a surface of the corrugated fin to enhance the hydrophilicity of the surface. The corrugated fin includes a first thick portion in which at least one of the grooves is included and a second thick portion thicker than the first thick portion in a cross-sectional view along an extending direction of the bent portions.

Abstract: Wireless electronic devices include one or more wireless antennas to provide for wireless communications. The antenna cables are routed internally within the device and typically noise from components located on a circuit board may couple to the antenna cables and cause a degradation in wireless performance, impact antenna sensitivity and cause packet loss. Utilizing raised pathways in a heat sink utilized for thermal transfer of heat to a housing enables tunnels to be formed between the housing and the heat sink. Routing the antenna cables through the tunnels improves noise isolation for the antenna cables while still maintaining the heat transfer. The raised pathways are configured to not interfere with components on the circuit board or components included in the housing. The wireless antennas may be mounted within the housing instead of on the board so no portion of the antenna cables are located on the circuit board.

Abstract: A heat exchanger includes flat cross-sectional shaped heat transfer tubes arranged with gaps between flat surfaces of the flat heat transfer tubes facing each other, and each having a flow passage in a vertical direction, and corrugated fins disposed between the flat surfaces facing each other. The corrugated fins each include an end portion in a direction in which air flows, and protruding from end portions of the flat surfaces, a drain hole provided adjacent to central regions of the flat surfaces in the direction in which the air flows, first louvers located upstream of the drain hole, and each including a slit and a slat that is inclined in the vertical direction, and second louvers located downstream of the drain hole, and each including a slit and a slat that is inclined in the vertical direction.

Abstract: A heat exchanger includes: a heat exchange section through which a compressed gas flows; an upstream header section that is provided on an upstream side of the heat exchange section and communicates with the heat exchange section; a downstream header section that is provided on an downstream side of the heat exchange section and communicates with the heat exchange section; a gas inlet pipe that is connected to a wall surface of the upstream header section; and a gas outlet pipe that is connected to a wall surface of the downstream header section. A filter-cum-sound absorbing material of a porous material is mounted on an inner wall surface of at least one of the upstream header section and the downstream header section. The inner wall surface faces the heat exchange section.

Abstract: An engine system (200) for a vehicle comprising: a powertrain component (120); a second vehicle component (130); a fixing (140) joining the powertrain component (120) to the second vehicle component (130); a thermally insulating panel (100) comprising at least one uncompressed area (104) extending over at least a portion of the powertrain component (120) to at least partially thermally insulate the powertrain component (120) and comprising at least one pre-compressed area (106) for providing a rigid mounting position to mount the vehicle component (130) to the powertrain component (120), the rigid mounting position to be located at a potential thermal bridge between the powertrain component (120) and the second vehicle component (130) such that it forms a thermal insulating layer between the powertrain component (120) and the second vehicle component (130).

Abstract: A system to convert and dispense pressurized gas(es) of cryogenic liquids of gas(es), and systems and methods to efficiently convert liquid natural gas (LNG) to compressed natural gas (CNG) and low pressure natural gas (NG) and other cryogenic liquids of gas. The system requires one dedicated pressure vessel of horizontal and vertical elements at the dispensing location to convert, retain, store, and dispense multiple pressures of gas from a cryogenic liquid supply such as a non-dedicated high pressure cryogenic personal supply tank. The system efficiently modifies and controls parameters of volume, pressure, and temperature in conversion scale to retain all converted product under human control to dispense without process required waste for use in commercial, industrial, and in particular single family residential applications and service can be accomplished by pickup truck and trailer, where semi trucks, big rig trucks and process pollution are not welcome.

Abstract: A switchgear cabinet includes a closed housing, and a cooling device for cooling items of electrical and/or electronic equipment disposed inside the housing. The cooling device includes a first closed cooling circuit containing a first cooling medium for removing heat generated during operation of at least one of the items of equipment from the housing. The first cooling circuit is connected inside the housing to a first heat exchanger for transferring the heat from the at least one item of equipment to the first cooling medium and, outside the housing, to a second heat exchanger for dissipating the heat to an external cooling medium, with the second heat exchanger disposed above the first heat exchanger. The first cooling circuit, the first cooling medium and the first and second heat exchangers are designed to implement heat transfer according to the two-phase thermosiphon principle.

Abstract: An intake device is provided for the combustion air of a motorcycle, including an air filter box and an air guide intake duct which extends from the air filter box in a defined orientation to an intake chamber and at least sections of which are formed by parts of the air filter box.

Abstract: According to an aspect, the present embodiments may be associated with a heat shield including a retention feature or member. In an embodiment, the retention member is integrated with the heat shield body and includes a trilobal shaped aperture formed therein. The trilobal shaped aperture is adapted and configured to receive and temporarily retain a fastener. Thus, the heat shield is capable of at least being temporarily held in place prior to the use of permanent installation techniques.

Abstract: A bent pipe and a semiconductor refrigerator having the same are provided. The bent pipe for a fluid to flow therein includes a plurality of bent portions; a plurality of connecting pipe sections, each connecting two adjacent bent portions; and a retention member, which is successively fixed at different locations along the length thereof to the bent portions on the same side of the bent pipe. At least some of the pipe sections of the bent pipe can be kept in the bent shape by a retention member.

Abstract: A counterflow heat exchanger for battery thermal management has a base plate, a cover plate and manifold cover. The base plate includes alternating first and second longitudinal fluid flow passages. The cover plate is sealed to the base plate to enclose the first and second fluid flow passages, and includes a first fluid opening and a plurality of second fluid openings arranged at spaced apart intervals across a width of the cover plate. The manifold cover includes an embossment surrounded by a peripheral flange which is sealed to the cover plate and surrounds at least the plurality of second fluid openings. The interior of the embossment defines a manifold chamber in flow communication with the second fluid openings in the cover plate. The top of the manifold cover has at least a second fluid opening in flow communication with the plurality of second fluid openings through the manifold chamber.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a cover for a spa includes the steps of vacuum molding a first shell member and a second shell member, bringing the first and second shell members into registration with one another to define a hollow cavity therebetween, and injecting a foam into the hollow cavity, wherein the foam is configured to bond with the shell members to create a unitary structural part that provides increased strength and rigidity.

Abstract: A variable speed drive includes a converter connected to an AC power source, a DC link connected to the converter, and an inverter connected to the DC link. The inverter converts DC voltage into an output AC power having a variable voltage and frequency. The inverter includes at least one power electronics module and associated control circuitry; a heat sink in thermal communication with the power electronics module and in fluid communication with a manifold. The manifold includes a tubular member having at least one vertical member portion and at least one horizontal member portion in fluid communication. A plurality of ports conduct cooling fluid into and out of the manifold. A bracket attaches the manifold to a structural frame. Brackets are provided for attachment of power electronics modules to the manifold.

Abstract: A heat exchange unit that may be used in a cooling apparatus. According to one implementation the heat exchanger unit comprises a metal sheet, at least one metal exchange tube supported on said sheet, and fastening means for fastening the tube to the sheet, said unit being bent with respect to at least one bend line. The fastening means comprises a cover covering the entire or almost the entire length of the tube and the cover is fixed to the sheet by means of adhesive. The surface of the cover in contact with the tube has no adhesive, said surface having a coefficient of friction that allows sliding said tube under said cover when bending the unit with respect to said at least one bend line.

Abstract: A vehicle is provided with an engine having an exhaust gas system comprising a muffler body containing a valve controlling exhaust gas flow through a tuning tube. The vehicle has an expander, a condenser, a pump, and an evaporator in sequential fluid communication in a closed loop containing a working fluid. The evaporator is positioned within the body and supports the valve and tuning tube therein, with the evaporator in thermal contact with exhaust gas and the working fluid.

Abstract: A heat exchanger may include input-side and output-side tube plates and tubes supported therein, forming a first flow duct for a first medium. A housing may surround the tube plates and the tubes, forming a second flow duct for a second medium running between the tubes in the housing. The heat exchanger may further include at least one turbulence-generating insert arranged in the second flow duct between the tubes, the insert having ducts with permeable side walls for the second medium, and at least one dividing wall duct having closed side walls and being spaced apart at least at one longitudinal end from the housing. The at least one dividing wall duct may be designed to be open at both longitudinal ends, may be produced by a compression process, and may have a rising first flank and a second flank engaging below the second flank.

Abstract: A vehicle seating assembly comprising a seat including a cushion and a seating surface. A recess is defined in the cushion extending in a direction parallel with the seating surface. An elongate carrier is disposed between the recess and the seating surface, the elongate carrier including a plurality of thermoelectric devices having an upper surface and a lower surface configured to change temperature when a voltage is applied to the thermoelectric devices. An upper conductor comprises an upper surface and a lower surface. A lower conductor comprises an upper surface and a lower surface. An air mover is in fluid communication with the recess and is configured to move air through the recess. The upper conductor, the thermoelectric device, the lower conductor, and air in the recess are in thermal communication to transfer heat away from the seating surface or to transfer heat toward the seating surface.

Abstract: Provided herein is a system and method for natural gas liquid sample conditioning including an insulated cabinet having a sample input, a vaporizer, a heated regulator, a gas sample outlet, and a control system for preventing phase separation and or re-liquification of the conditioned sample before entry into an associated analyzer and in a specific embodiment, featuring an automatic shutdown system to prevent sample liquid from further processing and passage to an associated analyzer.

Abstract: An ice making system and method that includes an ice formation tray, an ejector, and an ejector shaft is disclosed herein. The ice formation tray has a first side and a second side. The ejector includes a unitary structure and an insert, with the unitary structure encompassing the insert on at least four sides. The ejector shaft spans between the first side and the second side of the ice formation tray, with the ejector shaft passing through a bore in the insert of the ejector.

Abstract: A flue gas combustion apparatus for processing uncombusted flue gas components utilizing a reactor body. The reactor body houses first and second spiral passageways for motivating flue gas and ambient air, respectively, in a counter-current pattern. Heated ambient air feeds the flue gas in the reactor.

Abstract: A lamp-based aroma diffuser using an aroma capsule is disclosed to include a lamp housing, a hollow light-transmissive shade mounted in the lamp housing, a holder member mounted in the lamp housing, a heat conduction device mounted in the holder member, a heating element kept in contact with the bottom wall of the heat conduction device, a light-emitting device, and a power supply device-incorporated PC board for driving the heating element to heat the heat conduction device and a replaceable aroma diffuser in the heat conduction device and the light-emitting device to emit color light through the hollow light-transmissive shade and the lamp housing.

Abstract: A stacking-type header according to the present invention includes: a first plate-shaped unit; and a second plate-shaped unit, in which the first plate-shaped unit or the second plate-shaped unit comprises at least one plate-shaped member having formed therein: a flow passage formed in the first plate-shaped member through which the refrigerant passes to flow into the plurality of first inlet flow passages; and a flow passage formed in the second plate-shaped member through which the refrigerant passes to flow into the second inlet flow passage, and in which the at least one plate-shaped member has a through portion or a concave portion formed in at least a part of a region between the flow passage through which the refrigerant passes to flow into the plurality of first inlet flow passages and the flow passage through which the refrigerant passes to flow into the second inlet flow passage.

Abstract: A cooling device 100 includes a first heat receiving unit 400, a second heat receiving unit 410, a first heat dissipating unit 700, and a second heat dissipating unit 710. The first heat dissipating unit 700 and the second heat dissipating unit 710 have a flat plate shape and have a structure in which air passes in a direction approximately perpendicular to a principal surface having a flat plate shape and a first principal surface 730 that is a principal surface having a flat plate shape in the first heat dissipating unit 700 and a second principal surface 740 that is a principal surface having a flat plate shape in the second heat dissipating unit 710 are arranged so as to face to each other. As a result, the size of the cooling device 100 can be reduced without degrading a heat dissipation performance to dissipate heat generated by a heat generating element.

Abstract: A fuel cooled cooling air heat exchanger includes a fuel injector and an airflow body. The fuel injector has a fuel flow passage formed therein that includes a fuel inlet port and a fuel outlet port. The airflow body is coupled to and surrounds at least a portion of the fuel injector. The airflow body has an inner surface that is spaced apart from the fuel injector to define an airflow passage between the airflow body and the fuel injector, and the airflow passage includes an air inlet port and an air outlet port.

Abstract: A heat resistant washer for a heat resistant fastening system and a heat resistant fastening system is provided. The heat resistant washer includes a fire retardant material, and a housing that includes a base and a flange, with a throughbore defined through the base to receive a fastener. The housing defines a cavity adjacent to the throughbore and at least one guide. The fire retardant material is disposed within the cavity and the at least one guide directs the fire retardant material in an active state out of the cavity.

Abstract: An article and system for regulating temperature in footwear. Thermal footwear may include a power generation layer, a thermocell layer, and an accessory layer. The power generation layer may be constructed of an actuator material—for example, a dielectric elastomer—which may generate an electric current when compressed or decompressed. The thermocell layer may be configured to either warm or cool a user's foot, and may be reversible by being removably coupled to the power generation layer. The accessory layer may include other components; for example, an integrated circuit chip for power transmission to an external device may be included.

Abstract: A refrigerator is provided with an evaporator assembly located in a compartment. The evaporator assembly includes a pipe, a fan assembly, a plurality of fins, a first and second bracket. The pipe is configured to transport a refrigerant that exchanges heat with an air stream from the compartment. The plurality of fins is inserted on the pipe. The brackets each include apertures to receive bent end portions of the pipe. The brackets are configured to hold the pipe and the fins in a specific position, to mount the evaporator assembly within the compartment, and restrict the air stream exiting the evaporator assembly from mixing with the air stream entering the evaporator assembly. The fins include end fins that are placed in direct contact with the first end bracket and are configured to further restrict the air stream from flowing through the plurality of apertures of the brackets.

Abstract: A method and a system for a heat exchanger assembly are provided. The heat exchanger assembly includes one or more arcuate heat exchanger segments each including an inlet header configured to extend circumferentially about a circumference of an inner surface of a fluid flow duct, and an outlet header configured to extend circumferentially about the fluid flow duct. The heat exchanger assembly also includes a first serpentine heat exchanger tube extending between the inlet header and the outlet header and including a series of flow path segments having a gradually changing direction defined by a bend radius of the tube such that a direction of flow through the serpentine heat exchanger tube reverses between the inlet and the outlet headers and a second serpentine heat exchanger tube extending between the inlet header and the outlet header, the second serpentine heat exchanger tube co-planar with the first serpentine heat exchanger tube.

Abstract: A basketball training apparatus that is operable to simulate a defensive player for a user that is practicing their offensive skillset. The basketball training apparatus further includes a housing assembly having a lower portion and an upper portion that are perpendicularly secured. The housing assembly is moveably secured to a mounting block wherein the mounting block is disposed within the lower portion of the housing assembly. The housing assembly is operable to tiltably move from a first upright position to a second position wherein the upper portion is tilted towards the ground. A plurality of blocking members are releasably secured to the upper portion of the housing assembly extending outward therefrom. A visual inhibitor is movably coupled to the upper portion of the housing assembly and extends upwards therefrom. A frame is integrally secured to the mounting block and further includes a base having a wheel assembly.

Abstract: A refrigerated cargo container includes a cargo container and a refrigeration unit. A plurality of refrigerant tubes are in fluid communication with the refrigeration unit and extend along a roof of the cargo container. The plurality of refrigeration tubes are configured to convey refrigerant there through and cool an interior of the cargo container via natural convection and thermal radiation. A method of cooling a cargo in a cargo container includes flowing a refrigerant through a plurality of refrigerant tubes disposed at a roof of the cargo container. Thermal energy is transferred from container air in the container to the refrigerant thereby cooling the container air. The container air is circulated via natural convection toward the cargo thereby cooling the cargo via thermal energy transfer to the container air. The container air is recirculated toward the plurality of refrigerant tubes.

Abstract: A modular PET gantry is provided herein. A detector module is described, and the detector module includes a plurality of PET detector units. Each detector unit may be bonded to a mounting sleeve. The detector module also includes a mounting frame, wherein each detector unit and mounting sleeve is attached to the mounting frame.

Abstract: The present invention proposes a new design in the configuration of the attachment between the battery of tubes and the shell of a heat exchanger, improving the manufacturing costs and efficiency with respect to the exchangers of the state of the art. The present invention describes a heat exchanger and a process for manufacturing it, which combines the thermal fatigue strength of floating core exchangers with the compact, simple and more economical design of monoblock exchangers, resulting from, among others, a smaller number of necessary manufacturing steps.

Abstract: A heater assembly with enhanced cooling pursuant to various embodiments described herein makes use of fluidic flow in the insulation or in the space used for insulation. By creating a natural convection or forced convection flow, the heater cools down faster, it can operate at lower temperatures and/or higher temperature precision, and it can improve temperature controllability by generating higher heat loss rates.

Abstract: A method for operating an arrangement (1) for storing thermal energy where the arrangement (1) includes an energy storage (2) having a temperature gradient. The method involves retrieving energy at a first temperature (T1) from the energy storage (2) for use in a first heat-absorbing system (3), such that free space is created in the energy storage (2) for energy at a second temperature (T2). The second temperature (T2) is higher than the first temperature (T1).

Abstract: An EGR cooler includes a heat exchanging core which has a plurality of tubes, an upstream-side gas tank portion upstream of the tubes and a downstream-side gas tank portion downstream of the tubes. A water tank portion forms a first water passage around the tubes and forms a second water passage around the upstream-side gas tank portion. A double pipe portion forms a gas passage which communicates with the upstream-side gas tank portion and forms an annular water passage which communicates with the second water passage. A water inflow pipe is connected to the double pipe portion such that the cooling water flows into the annular water passage, and a water outflow pipe that is connected to the water tank portion such that the cooling water flows out from the first water passage.

Abstract: A heat exchanger includes a refrigerant tube through which a refrigerant for absorbing heat from air flows, and a defrosting medium tube through which a coolant for supplying heat for defrosting flows. Two fins disposed on both sides of the refrigerant tube include a protrusion protruding toward an upstream side of the flow of air with respect to the refrigerant tube. The protrusion is provided with a clearance that allows melt water generated in the defrosting to flow on the upstream side of the refrigerant tube. The refrigerant tubes and the defrosting medium tubes can be alternately arranged in the upstream line. The protrusion protrudes such that the air can be introduced into an air passage from the side portion of the protrusion even when an end facing the upstream side of the flow of the air is closed with the core of frost.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described for use in mixing of fluids or mixing ingredients into fluids by means of a static mixer assembly (i.e. without requiring moving mechanical parts, where fluid flow is used to achieve mixing). The static mixer assembly is a cylindrical tube with three pairs of fins extending inward from the inner wall of the tube. The central fins form a prow pointing upstream, with two pairs of flanking fins arranged to prevent unhindered fluid flow parallel to the central axis of the tube a peripheral region, while allowing unobstructed flow in a central region and extending to a peripheral region near the inner wall opposite the prow. The fins force fluid outwards along the inner walls from the prow towards the unobstructed peripheral region opposite the prow and additionally fluid spills over the inner edges of the fins into the central region. The resulting flow pattern provides excellent mixing with a low ratio of pressure drop to volumetric flow rate across the assembly.

Abstract: An exhaust-gas heat exchanger for an exhaust system for cooling an exhaust-gas flow, having an inner pipe and an outer pipe, wherein the two pipes are indirectly or directly welded to one another in sealing fashion at the inlet side, a jacket pipe is arranged around the outside of the outer pipe and an annular gap for coolant is arranged between the outer pipe and the jacket pipe, and the inner pipe has an axial flow cross section (A2) at the end as viewed in the flow direction (S) and has a perforation (P2), which forms a radial flow cross section, in a direction at right angles to a flow direction (S). Between the inner pipe and the outer pipe there is formed an exhaust-gas duct for the exhaust-gas flow, wherein an intermediate pipe which is mounted in displaceable and/or rotatable fashion on the inner pipe is provided with a perforation (P4) by which the axial flow cross section (A2) of the inner pipe can be at least partially closed off.

Abstract: A beverage lid system may include a beverage lid and a stirrer that may be connected to a portion of the beverage lid. The beverage lid may include an outer lid member, a medial lid member rotatably carried by an interior portion of the outer lid member, and an inner lid member rotatably carried by an interior portion of the medial lid member. The stirrer may be adapted to be connected to a portion of the medial lid member. The medial lid member is rotatable with respect to both the outer lid member and the inner lid member so that when the stirrer is connected to the medial lid member, the stirrer is moveable with the medial lid member.

Abstract: A drain box assembly for a convertible splash pad/ice rink structure comprises a housing having an open top and a closed bottom, sidewalls connecting the top and bottom of the housing in fluid sealing relation to form within the housing a vertically directed water flow channel that connects a water ingress port and a water egress port in fluid communication one with the other. Connectors operatively secure the housing at the water egress port to a drain pipe. A plurality of coolant pipe segments each have an axis of symmetry extending between a first open end and a second open end. The coolant pipe segments are mounted on the housing to extend through the vertically directed water flow channel adjacent the open top, in substantially transverse relation to the vertical water flow channel. The first and second open ends of each coolant pipe segment extend beyond the one or more upright walls.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for cooling reaction gas. A cooled tube receives hot reaction gas from a hot, uncooled tube. The cooled tube comprises a cooled inner tube and a tubular jacket that extends about the inner tube. A tubular connection is disposed between the uncooled and the cooled tubes, and includes a fork-shaped inlet head via which the inner tube is in communication with the uncooled tube. The inlet head is provided with an outer tubular section and an inner tubular section between which is disposed an intermediate space filled with heat-insulating material. The outer tubular section is connected to the tubular jacket. The inner tubular section is spaced slightly axially from the inner tube and is provided with an edge region that juts outwardly and is spaced slightly axially from the inner tube, this slight axial spacing being equal to or less than a maximum thermal expansion of the inlet head.

Abstract: A heating appliance including a burner and a heat exchanger including a bundle of heat conducting elements that form the primary channels through which the hot flue gases from the burner are guided via inputs that are opposite the burner, and which are connected together to close off the secondary channels that are formed between the aforementioned elements and through which the air to be heated can be guided. The burner is a premix burner that is positioned opposite the inputs of the primary channels, whereby the burner has a supply for a mixture of fuel and a sufficient quantity of air for the essentially complete combustion of the fuel, and whereby between the burner and the inputs of the primary channels there is a heat shield of a heat-resistant material with a passage opposite each of the aforementioned inputs.

Abstract: ‘Underground Thermal Battery Storage System’ using a battery structure of one or more underground thermally insulated cells, where each cell comprised of a waterproof thermal insulation shell, one or more fluid storage tanks and earth matrix. The thermal storage cell's fluid storage tanks are interconnected using a thermal fluid transport system with control valves, circulating pumps, and managed by a programmable controller. The programmable controller uses the cell sensors to determine cell status, control cell interconnections, and to manage the thermal charging and discharging by exterior heating or cooling devices. A moisture injection system is provided to control the thermal conductivity within the cell's earth matrix.

Abstract: An electric vehicle powertrain according to an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure includes, among other things, a thermal barrier secured relative to an engine, a transaxle, or both to retain thermal energy generated during operation of an electric vehicle.

Abstract: Altering the direction of thermal radiation of any objects into any construction directions including grazing angles. Embodiments of the invention provide a new technique for thermal control and management.