Abstract: A furnace workpiece-support system has at least one horizontal workpiece-support tube through which a fluid coolant is circulated and which is supported on at least one vertical tube that is connected at its upper end to this horizontal tube and that has a blind lower end. A flow-diversion pipe has an upper intake end opening in an upstream direction into the horizontal tube and a lower end opening downwardly into the vertical tube. This pipe is received with clearance in the vertical tube so that coolant diverted by the pipe from the horizontal tube is injected downwardly into the vertical pipe to cool it and then rises vertically in the vertical tube around the pipe to reenter the horizontal tube after cooling the vertical tube.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for heating liquids with other liquids or vapors. An inner flow tube is carried concentrically within an outer flow tube to define an inner passage and also an annular passage. A first manifold directs all of the incoming fluid from one fluid source to either the inner or annular passage. A second manifold directs all of the incoming cooler fluid from the other fluid source to the other passage. A third manifold at the other end of the outer tube discharges the fluid from it so that it does not mix with the inner tube fluid. The outer tube is immersed in inner tube fluid to cause heat transfer through the walls of the inner tube and outer tube.

Abstract: The two heating surfaces of the exchanger are both provided within a jacket. The first heating surface is formed, in part, by blind tubes which project into the casing through which the primary gas flows. The second heating surface is disposed in the space between the feed pipe and the jacket and receives the flow of primary gas after the primary gas has passed over the blind tubes. The secondary gas passes into the interior of the blind tubes while a working medium flows through the second heat exchanger in heat exchange relation with the primary gas. Some of the returning cooled primary gas can be tapped off and supplied as a coolant through the tube plate in which the blind tubes are mounted.

Abstract: The heat exchanger is provided with a plurality of recirculating needles each having an outer tube having one end thereof terminated in a closed needle point and an inner tube disposed within the outer tube having one end thereof spaced from the needle point and providing a predetermined clearance along its length between the outer wall of the inner tube and the inner wall of the outer tube. The clearance of each needle is in communication with a pressurized heat transferring medium supply manifold and the inner tube is in communication with a discharge and return manifold. The clearance and inner tube of each needle provides a needle that circulates the pressurized heat transferring medium therethrough. The pressurized heat transferring medium may be hot to heat the meat into which the needles are inserted, or the pressurized heat transferring medium may be cold to chill the meat into which the needles are inserted.

Abstract: A heat exchanger comprising:(a) a housing having an interior surface;(b) a thermally conductive member in intimate contact with the housing;(c) a thermally conductive element coaxially disposed in said housing and having an inner and an outer surface and in thermal communication with the member, wherein the inner surface of the element defines a first fluid passage, and wherein the interior surface of the housing and the outer surface of the element are in spaced relationship thereby defining a second fluid passage, the first and second fluid passages being in fluid communication;(d) a first port for maintaining the first fluid passage in fluid communication with a first external fluid;(e) a second port for maintaining the second fluid passage in fluid communication with a second external fluid; and(f) means for regulating the member's temperature; wherein heat is transferred between the member and the element via solid conduction.

Abstract: A fluidized bed reactor containing a heat exchange apparatus for conveying a heat transfer medium comprising at least one pipe which extends in a vertical direction from the top of the reaction chamber into the fluidized bed with one end of the vertical pipe which points in the direction of the gas flow having a conical tapered end and/or a jacket on the outside of the reactor wall in the form of a serpentine conduit having a rectangular cross section and a domed cover.

Abstract: A heat exchanger includes banks of double-pipe elements connected to oval headers, the opposite ends of which are connected by round transition elements to main headers. Each oval header and the respective transition elements are formed from a single, integral member, initially a cylindrical pipe, without connecting welds. The outer ends of the transition elements are reduced to form nipple elements for attachment to the main headers. The nipple elements have a greater wall thickness than the transition elements.

Abstract: The structure of the present invention employs a device at a heat exchanger for two media having parallel tubes with surface enlarging pins and passing through one of the media and about the second medium in a direction substantially parallel to the first medium where the tubes are positioned in a casing with a chamber at each end. Filler material is provided in the spaces between the tubes and the casing. The filler material is hollow at its ends and opens each into a chamber which is positioned in the casing.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for flue gas in which water tubes are inserted through the flue wall into the flue from the exterior thereof so as to be adjustable in the depth of insertion. Each of the water tubes has a structure comprising an inner water feed tube and an outer recovering tube for recovery of the waste heat by returning the water from the water feed tube to generate steam by heat transferring from the waste gas passing through the flue. Headers are provided at each exterior top of the feed water tubes and recovering tubes and are connected respectively to a water-steam drum through movable connecting tubes. The headers are movable in co-operation with driving means provided at the exterior of the flue so as to adjust the heating surface of the water tubes inserted into the flue by the action of the driving means.

Abstract: Apparatus for thermally treating glass sheets comprising a combustion chamber, a kiln and a hot gas delivery system for delivering a mixture comprising combustion products into the kiln in such a manner as to avoid deviations from a substantially uniform temperature pattern across the kiln suitable for sag bending and annealing glass sheets.The delivery system comprises a delivery pipe, means for dividing said mixture into two approximately equal flows of said mixture for supplying said flows through a pair of branch pipes, then through the length of a pair of manifolds, each comprising an open ended inner pipe, and a concentric apertured outer pipe. The outer pipes have upwardly directed nozzles of substantially equal cross-section located at approximately uniformly spaced intervals along their length.

Abstract: Each sheath tube of a bayonet type heat exchanger is provided with spacer means secured thereto and extending inwardly from the inner wall surface thereof to define an opening through which the respective bayonet tube freely extends at least generally coaxially with the sheath tube, the surface of the spacer means adjacent the bayonet tube being smoothly contoured to substantially minimize damage to the bayonet tube from vibration.

Abstract: Thin liners and tubes of special metals and alloys such as tantalum bonded to substrates or mounted in support plates of metallurgically dissimilar metals and alloys such as mild steel by an elastomer such as a silicone or fluoro elastomer. Also a shock absorbent mounting of tubes telescoped into heat exchanger tubes of special metals by elastomer cushions interposed between the tubes.

Abstract: A heat exchanger in which water tubes are heated by liquid sodium which minimizes the results of accidental contact between the water and the sodium caused by failure of one or more of the water tubes. A cylindrical protective tube envelopes each water tube and the sodium flows axially in the annular spaces between the protective tubes and the water tubes.

Abstract: A solar collector comprising an elongate solid cylindrical body extending lengthwise into an elongate cylindrical Dewar-type vessel in a manner to form annular-shaped supply and outlet ducts for a heat-transport medium, the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the supply and outlet ducts being less than one-quarter of the inner cross-sectional area of the vessel.

Abstract: Cooling a hot component such as a rotor of a rotary piston engine by passing a coolant liquid through a passageway defined between adjacent surfaces of the component and a plug inserted into a socket in the component, the plug being made of a material having greater thermal conductivity than that of the material from which the component is made and the cross-sectional area of the passageway being sufficiently small as to produce turbulent flow of the coolant through the passageway.

Abstract: Apparatus for effecting heat interchange of fluids, at least one of the fluids containing dispersed or dissolved solids, said apparatus having one or more fluids contacted surfaces which are (1) preferentially oil wettable and (2) substantially zero water adsorbent, wherein the contacted surface or surfaces comprise fluorocarbon polymers, preferably FEP fluorinated hydrocarbon resin, and (3) means for supplying oil or the like to said contacted surface or surfaces, to prevent adherence of solids thereto.

Abstract: An air convection pile for transferring heat from a medium surrounding the lower end of the pile is disclosed to the colder ambient air. A pipe of sufficient length to extend from the air-medium interface downward into the medium is adapted to be opened to the ambient air near its upper end. A flow dividing partition is placed longitudinally within the pipe. The partition has two longitudinal edges which contact the inner wall of the pipe to divide the interior volume of the pipe into two flow channels. The partition is adapted near the lower end of the pipe to allow the flow of air between the flow channels. Apparatus for controlling the flow of air through the pile is also disclosed. A hood encloses the open upper end of the pile. It is adapted to allow the flow of air between the ambient air and the flow channels. Within the hood, there is a temperature responsive, or manual, means for closing off the flow channels from the ambient air.

Abstract: A tube type recuperator is provided with a top manifold having a plurality of openings slidably receiving a plurality of ceramic tubes, a retainer ring fixed to each of said tubes within the top manifold and a flexible expansion compensator seal member sealingly engaging the top ends of the tubes within the retainer ring. Preferably the ceramic tubes are made up of inner and outer coaxial ceramic tubes each connecting to a separate top manifold.

Abstract: A radiator for heating installations comprises an external container consisting of component elements, and a heat exchanger which goes through the entire assembly of elements forming the radiator acting as the tie-beam which holds the elements together. A second tie beam is positioned in the upper part of the elements to hold them together. The finned tube which constitutes the heat exchanger, is provided with an internal coaxial tube, of length slightly smaller than the external tube. The primary heating fluid returns through the internal tube so that the supply of the fluid is carried out from a single extremity of the apparatus. Since the walls of the radiator are not subjected to high pressure, the radiator may be manufactured of material of modest mechanical resistance, for instance plastic material.

Abstract: Compact reaction apparatus, such as apparatus for steam reforming a hydrocarbon feedstock to produce hydrogen, comprises a plurality of tubular reactors vertically disposed and closely packed within a furnace. The furnace is divided into an enhanced heat transfer portion and a burner cavity. Each of the several reactors is disposed partly within the burner cavity and partly within the enhanced heat transfer portion. Heat transfer means, such as particles of a heat transfer packing material, is disposed within the enhanced heat transfer portion of the furnace and is constructed and arranged to provide substantially uniform and enhanced conductive, convective, and radiant heating of that portion of the reactors disposed within the heat transfer portion.

Abstract: A tube-type reactor includes a reactor shell surrounding a bundle of vertically-arranged jacketed tube assemblies. An equilateral triangle is formed by lines interconnecting the central axes of the three jacketed tube assemblies in mutual contact. Each jacketed tube assembly includes a reactor tube forming an annular space within a sheathing tube which includes six longitudinally-arranged slots uniformly distributed about its top end and into which connecting elements are received and welded to join together the sheathing tubes. In one form, the connector element includes spacer heads extending along a web to lie within the annular gap between the reactor tube and the sheathing tube and abut against the reactor tube. In a second embodiment, the connector element includes a web having three spider arms with longitudinal recesses, the width of which corresponds to the wall thickness of a sheathing tube.

Abstract: A reaction vessel for heating by helium under pressure comprising an upright container provided with an upper part and with a lower part constituting a heating space. In the lower container part are vertically spaced inlet and outlet openings for heated helium under pressure. The upper container part has spaced walls providing a space therebetween and two covers. The upper end of the lower container part is closed and catalyst-filled reaction tubes pass through such closure into the heating space. Inlet and outlet pipes for the reaction tubes extend in coaxial manner from the reaction tubes head through the inner wall of the upper reactor part below the cover of such inner wall, and thence through the space between the inner and outer walls and finally to the outside through the outer wall of the upper part below the cover for the outer wall. The length of the inlet and outlet pipes inside the space is more than the distance of the walls, and the coaxial pipes may be disposed in serpentine fashion.

Abstract: In a tube-type heat exchanger which produces superheated steam directly while being of the once-through type, the tubes permit recycling of the vapor of the secondary fluid which is circulated within them. A coaxial sleeve mounted within the annular space between an intermediate tube and the pressure tube delimits an annular zone filled with heat-insulating stagnant vapor so as to isolate the vapor produced from the fluid in liquid phase.

Abstract: Apparatus for separating a sublimation product from a gas which contains this product in the form of vapor, comprising an elongate substantially horizontal casing having a gas inlet near one end and a gas outlet near the other end so that gas flows longitudinally through the casing; heat exchange means cooperating with the exterior of the wall of the casing for cooling said wall below the sublimation temperature during the subliming process, means for assuring that an open channel for gas flow is maintained during the subliming process, said means comprising at least one permanently heated, elongate, rod-shaped element fitted eccentrically in the casing, said element extending in the same direction as the casing and being placed in the upper part of the casing, said heating element being manufactured of a material having good heat-conducting properties and projecting into the casing through a wall portion over part of the length of the heating element so that heat can be supplied thereto from outside the casi

Abstract: A cylinder liner for a large size internal combustion engine has a neck which extends between the cylinder block and the head to define a combustion chamber in each cylinder. The liner has internal cooling ducts which are formed by blind holes in the neck of the liner which communicate with entry and exit passages for liquid coolant at parts of the liner within the cylinder block, leaving the exposed neck portion free of through holes where high strength is required. Each blind hole is subdivided by an internal baffle into flow and return passages for coolant.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a three piece solar energy bulb type collector device comprising a hollow glass body shaped with a parabolic interior surface that is coated with specular finish of a metal, e.g. silver, and includes an apex aperture and integral hollow yoke. A glass test-tube like element is exteriorly coated with a wave length selective coating having more than 0.8 absorption above 2.5 microns wave length and less than 0.1 emission at 2.5 microns or less wave lengths. The coated glass tube is the absorber and has an intermediate rib and flared open end which are fused with glass at the aperture area and open end of the yoke. The absorber is coaxially located with the focal axis of the parabolic surface. A cover plate is sealed over the large end of the parabolic body enclosing the interior mirror surface area in a chamber which is placed under vacuum (evacuated).

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a bulb-type solar energy collector device comprising a hollow glass body shaped with a parabolic interior surface that is coated with specular finish of a metal, e.g. silver, and includes an apex aperture and integral hollow yoke. A hollow glass, bulb-shaped absorber element is exteriorly coated with a wave length selective coating. The bulb-shaped element includes a tubular hollow stem dependent from the bulbar portion and fixed in the yoke of the glass body so that the central axis of the stem and bulbar end portion is along the focal axis of the parabolic reflecting surface. A cover plate is sealed over the enlarged end of the reflecting surface enclosing the interior mirror surface in a chamber which is evacuated to substantial vacuum, e.g. 10.sup.-4 torr or greater vacuum. A working media is circulated from a source in a manifold through the interior volume of the absorber element to remove the solar energy absorbed thereby as heat and the media is returned to the manifold.

Abstract: A heat-exchanger for gases of greatly varying temperatures, especially for use in gas turbines, which essentially consists of a collective space, for example, of a pipe-shaped collective space for the cold gas and of a metal recuperator which is formed by a large number of preferably U-shaped pipes which are welded or brazed into the collective chamber, whereby the hotter gases flow through between the pipes of the recuperator to give off some of their heat to the compressor air flowing through these pipes; one or several protective sheet metal members are arranged within the area of the connecting places between the pipes of the recuperator and the collective chamber which protect the welded or brazed joints against the hot gases.

Abstract: The invention disclosed is a solar energy collector apparatus having several double-wall glass tubular elements connected on opposite sides of an elongated manifold to form a module. The elements are sealed in oppositely facing metal cups and inside the opposite elements is a cross supply tube. The cups in a module are series connected by conduits for flow of a liquid through the collectors. Along the manifold are two header pipes respectively connected to the cups for introducing liquid to the collectors for series flow and for receiving heated liquid flowed through them. The headers also connect a series of modules and the system utilizing the solar heated liquid. The cups, header pipes and interconnecting conduits are enclosed in an insulation jacket of foamed plastic, e.g. polyurethane. The manifold includes support brackets for mounting the apparatus in spaced drainage position above a supporting surface having a solar exposure.

Abstract: There is disclosed a solar energy collector assembly in which the working media is a liquid circulated through the several tubular collectors in series. The manifold device is of a design that is inexpensive to fabricate for detachably inserting tubular collectors into opposite sides of the liquid manifold. The assembly includes an inlet for liquid to enter an outer tube of the collector and flow in one direction to the end and thereat enter an inner tube and flow in an opposite direction to the other far end of the inner tube, finally transferring to the manifold outlet connected to the next tube or tubes in the series. The receptacles of the manifold for connecting the collector tubes are fabricated from metal stampings and/or castings and surrounded with molded insulation, such as foamed plastic, e.g. polystyrene, polyethylene, polyurethane or the like.

Abstract: A shell-and-tube heat exchanger for heating viscous fluids, in particular, for heating liquid fuel in thermal power stations, comprising a shell with external tubes located therein which contain heating elements constructed in the form of internal tubes plugged at one end and auxiliary tubes contained therein for supplying a heating medium to the heating elements, the viscous fluid flowing between the external and the internal tubes, tube plates for fixing the external and internal tubes to the shell, and partitions for dividing the bundle of external tubes into sections, the number of external tubes in each section being different and proportional to the viscosity of the heated fluid flowing in the appropriate section.

Abstract: An elongated solar heat collector is formed by means of a heat exchanger having two thin-walled tubes arranged coaxially of one another, a cylindrical, transparent heat shield positioned coaxially around the tubes and an elongated parabolic reflector mounted to locate the focal axis of the reflector on the axis of the tubes and shield. The outer tube of the heat exchanger has helical corrugations extending along a greater portion of its length and the valleys of the corrugations are made to contact the outer surface of the inner tube so that a helical passageway is defined between the inner and outer tubes. The straight elongated passageway of the inner tube and the helical passageway between the coaxial tubes communicate with one another at one end of the elongated collector so that two fluid flow paths defined by the passageways are serially connected and permit a fluid heat exchange medium such as water to flow in and out of the exchanger.

Abstract: The disclosed invention relates to a solar energy collector in a conversion system. The collector is made from common glass tubing lengths of different diameters and comprises a first outer clear glass cylindrical tube having approximately a semi-cylinder surface portion mirror coated for reflection and a collector tube inside the first tube having an energy absorbing coating on its exterior surface. The tubes resemble over-sized test tubes in that one end is closed. The collector is held in place inside the outer tube by a spacer-support element snapped on the closed end of the collector. The open end of the outer tube is sealed to the wall of the collector, and the space is evacuated. An open-ended fluid handling tube of glass is inserted into the collector tube and has a spiral or helical baffle along its length to guide working fluid issuing into the collector near its closed end along the wall thereof and absorb collected heat.

Abstract: Water is flowed through bayonet tubes where it is heated to steam which is superheated in other bayonet tubes all the bayonet tubes extending from a single tube sheet. Heated water enters the inner tube of a bayonet tube assembly so that it is heated in the annulus between the inner tube and its associated outer tube and then flows into the annular space between the inner and outer tube of the second bayonet tube assembly so that it is is heated to steam to leave by the inner tube of the second bayonet tube assembly to then flow into the annular space between the inner and outer tubes of the third bayonet tube assembly to be superheated and leave the third bayonet assembly by the inner tube thereof, the flow between one or more of the bayonet tube assemblies being connected by connecting tubes which connect with thermal sleeves covering the inner tubes of the bayonet tube assemblies below the single tube sheet.

Abstract: Water is heated to steam in bayonet tubes and the steam is superheated in bayonet tubes which are heated by helium and which extend from a single tube sheet in which there are no excessively large temperature gradients. Feed water enters the inner tube of a bayonet tube assembly so that it is heated in the annulus between the inner tube and its associated outer tube and then flows into the annular space between the inner and outer tube of a second bayonet tube assembly so that it is heated to steam to leave by the inner tube of the second bayonet tube assembly to then flow into the annular space between the inner and outer tubes of a third bayonet tube assembly to be superheated and leave the third bayonet assembly through the inner tube thereof.

Abstract: An improved apparatus for mixing and reacting materials that include at least one liquid while simultaneously transferring heat to or from the mixture. A rotating centrifugal impeller mounted in a lower chamber of a closed reactor vessel draws the materials to be mixed from an upper chamber through a short central inlet and mixes them with high energy while impelling them between spaced blades extending outward from the eye of the impeller to a high pressure region at its circumference. The mixture then returns to the upper chamber through a plurality of elongated conduits having thin walls. For maximum heat transfer area in relation to cross-sectional flow area, each conduit is arranged with a first inner portion of annular cross section and a second, reverse flow, outer portion separated from the inner portion by a double-walled tube, the tube having passages between its double walls for circulating heat exchanging fluid.