Abstract: A plurality of coaxially arranged, nested tubes (1, 2, 3, 4) are retained between distributor heads (8, 45). The heads and the outermost tube (1) are coupled to one another in a media-tight manner by fitting flanges to provide releasable axial connections. Each distributor head (9, 45) has two walls (9, 10, 46, 47) concentric to one another as well as one end chamber (17, 50) communicating with an annular chamber (11, 48, 49) formed between the walls. The outer wall (9) is joined to the outer tube (1), and the second tube (2), located inside the outer tube, is inserted into the inner wall (10) against an axial stop (24). A sleeve (26, 58, 59) is connected to a third, inner tube (3) located inside the second tube (2). The sleeve (26) is also braced against an axial stop (28) of the inner wall (10) close to the end chamber. The interior (34) of the sleeve communicates via an opening (19, 55) with the end chamber (17, 50).

Abstract: In a technique for recovering hydrocarbon values from a heavy hydrocarbon-water mixture, the mixture is first delivered through a sub-assembly to remove solid particulates. Then the mixture is delivered through a series of heat exchanger--kettle arrangements in which the mixture is heated above the boiling point of water. Some of the steam formed is allowed to escape through steam removal devices in the heat exchanger. The inside of the heat exchanger includes a plurality of discrete baffles which are unconnected to the heat exchanger and which can be readily removed therefrom. Heating of the mixture continues in the kettles where the bulk of the water is boiled off the mixture. A heavy hydrocarbon oil is recovered in the liquid outlet from the last kettle. The vapors boiled off are recovered and condensed to recover a light hydrocarbon oil and quite pure water.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for recovering heat from exhaust gases which includes a plurality of separately divided portions, a fluid passage mechanism for a fluid disposed within each of the portions, a bypass mechanism for the fluid for bypassing each of the portions and a valve mechanism for selectively operating the fluid passage mechanism or the bypass mechanism. The plurality of portions may constitute at least two chambers separately provided in the heat exchanger or at least two parts independently provided ion the heat exchanger. In addition, discharge means for discharging the fluid in the plurality of portions is provided.

Abstract: Apparatus for heating-treating a liquid product comprising series-connected multi-tube heat-exchangers such as heating-up heat-exchangers 6, 12, and high temperature heat-exchanger 14 and cooling-down heat-exchangers 17, 18, 19, the heating-up heat-exchangers and cooling-down heat-exchangers being interconnected by means of a pipe system 25, 26; 34 for regenerative heat-exchange. The heat-exchangers being connected by means of connection members 13 having separate passages which connect the tubes of one heat-exchanger to those of the next heat-exchanger. The pipe system for regenerative heat-exchange being designed so that the quantity of heat to be transferred can be adjusted in order to adapt said apparatus to varying capacities.

Abstract: A heat exchanging system for exchanging heat with contaminated water includes a housing having a coaxial tube exchanger assembly with return passages in the housing ends for the outer tubes and return tube bends for the inner tubes. A filter at the inlet of the coaxial tube assembly is formed of a number of passages in parallel with right angle bends defined by parallel fins between a bottom plate and transparent top plate. For cleaning there is a pressure chamber, a fill valve and an air valve intermittently activated. There is also a drain valve and a vacuum release valve. Heat exchanger tube is manufactured by rotatably and axially feeding tubing through a repeating impacting pointed power hammer that forms sharp edge craters on the exterior of the tube and sharp peaks on the interior. An impact tool driven by a powered impact hammer strikes the tubing passing through a tube pathway defined by variable direction rollers. A power drive roller has its axis askew to the axis of the tube.

Abstract: A device for heating fuel for engines. A block (1) has a number of bores (2) through which pass thermal transfer tubes (3, 4) whose diameter is smaller than that of the bores so as to provide annular chambers (5, 6) for the fuel to flow through. Helical bulkheads are arranged inside the chambers (5, 6) between the tubes and the walls of the bore, causing the fuel to follow a helical path around the heating tubes (3, 4).

Abstract: A screw extrusion press having a barrel temperature control means is disclosed, which press permits the inner liner or cylinder of the barrel or a portion thereof to be replaced rapidly without necessitating simultaneous replacement of the temperature control means. This object is achieved by providing intermediate rings between individual extruder barrel portions, the rings each defining annular passages and guide means for the temperature control medium.

Abstract: The invention concerns a device for the cooling of hot gaseous solids suspensions, particularly for the cooling of hot gaseous TiO.sub.2 suspensions resulting from the production of titanium dioxide by vapor phase oxidation of titanium tetrachloride. The device consists of a number of coaxially connected constructional units, each of which consists of three jacketed tubes, i.e., tubes 1, 2 and 3, which are coaxially connected in such a way that tube 1 conically tapers toward tube 2 and that tube 3 is larger in diameter than tube 2. Heat transfer is twice as high in the device of the invention as in a comparable conventional cooling tube of uniform inner diameter; moreover, the demand of scrub solids needed to prevent the formation of deposits on its walls is reduced to one third of the quantity needed in a conventional cooling tube.

Abstract: Closures for double pipe and hairpin-type heat exchangers that permits opening the tube side of the closure without losing the shell side fluids or seal. A flanged split thrust ring is positioned between the shell side flange and the tube side flange and integrally connected with the tube sheet. Each connection bolt through the flange has a shoulder or threads interconnecting with the thrust ring for applying a force to maintain the seal between the shell side flange and the tube sheet.

Abstract: A method of operating a heat exchange system of the type adapted to receive a hot fluid and a cool fluid therethrough accomplishes cleaning of the system by terminating cool fluid flow to a portion of the system. Both fluids are passed through the entire system for a period of time. Flow of the cool fluid is then terminated to a portion of the system while continuous flow of the hot fluid is maintained through the entire system. Thus, the operating temperature of the entire system is increased so as to melt wax and other deposits on surfaces in the system.

Abstract: Disclosed is a heat exchanger closure connection for establishing a shell side closure between the heat exchanger tubes and the shell and a tube side closure for establishing a connection between the tubes and a tube end extension. The shell includes an outwardly extending shell closure flange having a sealing surface. The tube includes an outwardly extending tube closure flange having axially spaced apart first and second seal surfaces. A first seal ring is positioned between the sealing surfaces of the shell closure flange and the first seal surface of the tube closure flange. A split ring is retained in a groove in the tube closure flange intermediate the first and second seal surfaces thereof. A locking flange is positioned about the tube closure flange in engagement with the split ring to transmit axial forces to the split ring and tube closure flange in the direction of the shell closure flange. Bolts or the like are provided for urging the locking flange toward the shell closure flange.

Abstract: Closures for double pipe and hairpin-type heat exchangers that permits opening the tube side of the closure without losing the shell side fluids or seal. A flanged split thrust ring is positioned between the shell side flange and the tube side flange and integrally connected with the tube sheet. Each connection bolt through the flange has a shoulder or threads interconnecting with the thrust ring for applying a force to maintain the seal between the shell side flange and the tube sheet.

Abstract: The invention concerns a device for the cooling of hot gaseous solids suspensions, particularly for the cooling of hot gaseous TiO.sub.2 suspensions resulting from the production of titanium dioxide by vapor phase oxidation of titanium tetrachloride. The device consists of a number of coaxially connected constructional units, each of which consists of three jacketed tubes, i.e., tubes 1, 2 and 3, which are coaxially connected in such a way that tube 1 conically tapers toward tube 2 and that tube 3 is larger in diameter than tube 2. Heat transfer is twice as high in the device of the invention as in a comparable conventional cooling tube of uniform inner diameter; moreover, the demand of scrub solids needed to prevent the formation of deposits on its walls is reduced to one third of the quantity needed in a conventional cooling tube.

Abstract: A heat exchanger having a plurality of parts each of which comprises a set of pipes and a housing which conducts steam. The housing of each part is provided on its steam discharge end with a condensate extraction connection that is angularly offset on the periphery of the housing relative to the steam discharge connection. Such a heat exchanger is distinguished by a simple, space-saving construction and easy maintenance and cleaning while permitting good heat transfer.

Abstract: A shell and tube type of economizer is divided into first, second and third sections. Gas flow through the economizer flows sequentially through the first, second and third sections. The liquid first flows through the second section and then through the third and first sections. The second section serves as a preheater to increase the heat recovered from the gas stream.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for exchanging heat between two different temperature fluids. The heat exchanger includes a sealed housing having first and second pairs of inlets and outlets. A first conduit is disposed within the housing. A second conduit is concentrically disposed within and spaced from the first conduit to define a first flow path between the spaced wall surfaces thereof which is disposed in fluid flow communication with the first inlet and first outlet for flow of a first fluid in a first direction through the housing. A second fluid flow path including first and second serially connected sections is provided for directing a second fluid between the second inlet and the second outlet over the exterior wall surface of the first conduit and through the second conduit in a second direction opposite to the direction of flow of the first fluid. In a preferred embodiment, a sealed chamber is formed interiorly within the housing about the first conduit.

Abstract: In a first evaporator liquid to be evaporated, i.g., water or a refrigerant is heated by hot water or hot gas to generate a liquid-vapor mixture which is admitted into a second evaporator to separate liquid from the vapor. In the second evaporator the separated vapor is evaporated by the hot water or hot gas, and the vapor in the second evaporator is supplied to a steam turbine coupled to an electric generator.

Abstract: An air heater comprises a plurality of passes, each having tube banks built into a gas conduit through which passes a flow of heating gas. It also comprises a plurality of delivery and collecting air ducts series-arranged one above the other. The delivery air ducts adjoin the tube banks of each pass and communicate therewith through outlets. The collecting air ducts adjoin the tube banks of each pass and communicate therewith by means of inlets. The collecting air duct is connected to the delivery air duct, the next-in-order along the flow of air, by means of interconnecting air conduits, which are positioned in the interspaces between the tube banks of each individual pass. Each interconnecting air conduit has an inlet orifice adapted to admit a flow of air passing from the collecting air duct, and an outlet orifice through which a flow of air passes from the interconnecting air conduit into the delivery duct.

Abstract: A liquid reservoir has a rectangular shell in which crossed first and second partitions form first, second, third and fourth rectangular liquid chambers. The partitions are impervious between the first and fourth chambers and apertured between the first and second, second and third, and third and fourth chambers. Liquid flows serially through the first, second, third and fourth chambers via the apertured partitions and such flowing liquid is subjected to a heat exchange in the first, second, third and fourth chambers.

Abstract: A refrigeration system for cooling and drying hot moist compressed air comprises sub-cooling the liquid refrigerant from the condenser to eliminate all flash gas and render the entire evaporator effective for refrigeration purposes. The heat exchangers for the evaporator and for sub-cooling the liquid refrigerant are of a novel construction comprising a one-piece finned copper inner cylinder with the routed fin enclosed inside of an annular copper shell in which a 0.020-inch clearance exists between the annular copper shell and the fins to allow passage of a stream of air which causes the laminar flow around the routed fin construction to be agitated by eddy diffusion. The use of the novel heat exchanger in the refrigeration system along with the step of sub-cooling the liquid refrigerant produces a gain in refrigeration effect of about 23% to 30% without an increase requirement for either power or energy.

Abstract: A tube-in-tube shelless heat exchanger having the capability of being modularized comprises a plurality of single element tube rows 18 in combination with header means 26. The single element tube row 18 comprises a plurality of inner 12 and outer 14 concentric tube pairs for carrying a first and a second heat transfer fluid, forward and aft tube sheets 20, and flexible arcuate manifold means 16 for outer tubes 14.

Abstract: A heat exchange assembly which utilizes a central source of a heated fluid, such as steam, and serves as a hot fluid distribution center for a plurality of satellite chambers removably disposed on a supporting rack around the source. Each satellite chamber, arranged in series with the others, receives the hot fluid at one end from the central source and discharges condensate at the other end. Longitudinal pipes in the satellite chamber of the cluster carry the fluid to be processed through the chambers. The series piping permits flow to be reversed in the satellite chambers to even out the deterioration of each chamber.

Abstract: A system for drying humid air to be used for ventilating a space defined by an enclosing covering, wherein said covering contains a first conduit system for circulating a cooling fluid, and a second conduit system for circulating humid air to be dried. At least part of said first system is in heat exchanging contact with said second system so as to cause condensation of water vapor contained in the humid air flowing in said second conduit system. Means are preferably provided for collecting the condensed water.

Abstract: In an apparatus for a treatment of flowing media which causes heat exchange and mixing internal fittings are located within a housing, which internal fittings consist of tubes extending in the axial direction of the housing, each such tube containing a plurality of elbow-shaped tube portions connected by other tube portions, said tubes being arranged in parallel to one another with the connecting tube portions of adjacent tubes crossing one another.

Abstract: A segmented ring header is disposed between and welded to two pressure containment vessels. The segmented ring header comprises a first hemi-toroidal shell having a plurality of openings around its inner circumference shaped to mate with heat transfer tubes lining the first pressure containment vessel, a second hemi-toroidal shell having a plurality of openings around its inner circumference shaped to mate with heat transfer tubes lining the second pressure containment vessel, and a flat ring-shaped plate disposed between the first and second hemi-toroidal shells and welded therebetween. Both the first and second hemi-toroidal shells also have a plurality of openings along their outer circumference for directing the cooling fluid to a collection drum located outside of the pressure containment vessels.

Abstract: A steam generating heat exchanger of modular design for cooling a high pressure, hot combustible gas laden with molten ash particles comprising a first convective cooler having a vertically orientated U-shaped gas pass housing a superheater and an evaporator, a radiant cooler disposed upstream of the first convective cooler and a second convective cooler housing an economizer disposed downstream of the first convective cooler. In-line tube bundles form the superheater, evaporator, and the economizer thereby minimizing ash deposition upon the heat transfer surface. The gas velocity within the radiant cooler is maintained low enough to permit molten ash particles entrained in the gas to coalesce and precipitate out of the gas stream, while the gas velocity within the convective coolers is maintained high enough to discourage ash deposition upon the heat transfer surface.

Abstract: A heat exchanger has a modular construction to create uniformity among several of its components. The heat exchanger utilizes concentric tubes, with one fluid flowing through the inner tube, and the other fluid flowing through the annular space in the outer tube. The inner tube fluid flows back over the outer tube, further exchanging heat, as it is discharged. The heat exchanger includes four cup-shaped modules that nest or slide together. Each module includes a sleeve with a port for one of the fluids. Each module also has a convex portion that slides sealingly into an adjacent module and contains holes for the tubes. The tubes are sealed into the holes in the convex portions, causing each module to define one of the four manifolds necessary for the operation of the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A solar collector is formed by a stack of vehicular tires for absorbing solar radiant energy. A series of conduits intercepting the upper and lower sidewall of each tire at locations spaced about 180 degrees apart couple together the hollow interiors of the tires in an air path passing angularly through each tire in two paths of about 180 degrees in length and serially from tire to tire for heat exchange purposes. A thermal energy storage medium is provided in the center of the stack which medium may be porous and switchable dampers are provided to selectively set up either a recirculating air path through the tires and the medium to transfer heat from the tires to the medium or a recirculating air path between the medium and a living space to be heated.

Abstract: A heat exchange system having a first tube system of tubes which are interconnected to conduct a first fluid and a second tube system comprising tubes surrounding the tubes of the first system to conduct a second fluid in heat exchange relationship with the first fluid, the preferred embodiment of the tubes of the first system being double walled and shaped to provide a passage for the escape of any fluid leaking from an opening occurring in either the inner or outer wall of the tubes of the first system. In the preferred embodiment, the double walled tubes are concentric tubes spaced radially to permit formation of a spiral groove on one tube, preferably the outermost, which provides a spiral path between said tubes which is open to atmosphere at the ends. Detachable return elbows interconnect adjacent ends of the innermost tubes to effect a continuous path for the fluid therein and the elbows at one end are removable to facilitate cleaning said tubes.

Abstract: A sinuous shaped heat exchanger made up of a plurality of generally U-shaped heat exchanger units or sections or banks arranged with one of the ends of each of the U-shaped banks in opposing end to end relationship with one of the ends of a next succeeding bank in such a manner that places the outlet tube sheet of such bank supporting the outlet ends of the tubes of such bank face to face with the inlet tube sheet of the next bank supporting the inlet ends of the tubes of such next succeeding bank. The tubes at the outlet side of the outlet tube sheet and the tubes at the inlet side of the inlet tube sheet protrude toward each other beyond the surfaces of the tube sheets. A removable transition connecting piece in the form of an apertured plate with the same hole diameter and pitch as the tube sheets is sandwiched between the outlet tube sheet and the inlet tube sheet. It is removably secured in that position by securing it to the aforementioned ends of the banks.

Abstract: A method of cooling beer, wherein beer contained in a cylindrical fermentation tank of a large capacity and undergoing a fermentation process extending from the beginning of fermentation to the termination of fermentation, is cooled by employing cooling jackets mounted on the external wall surface of the sidewall of the tank and on the bottom of the tank and wherein cooling is more intense at the lower layer of beer in the tank.

Abstract: In the preheating of a liquid reaction mass of polyolefin dissolved in liquid olefin monomer by passing it through a multiple pass preheater, the improvement of using generally U-shaped heat exchanger tubes in a generally U-shaped shell.

Abstract: A heat exchange device for a heat transmission apparatus utilizing a heat carrier liquid, comprising a U-shaped tube provided with an inlet at one end and with an outlet at the other end thereof for the passage of the heat carrier liquid; a tubular casing extending into each arm of the U-shaped tube, which casing is closed at one end to prevent heat carrier liquid entering the casing and which forms an annular flow passage between the casing and the arm of the tube; and heat transfer means disposed within each casing for regulating the temperature of the heat carrier liquid flowing through the annular flow passage.

Abstract: A sinuous shaped heat exchanger made up of a plurality of generally U-shaped heat exchanger units or sections or banks arranged with one of the ends of each of the U-shaped banks in opposing end to end relationship with one of the ends of a next succeeding bank in such a manner that places the outlet tube sheet of such bank supporting the outlet ends of the tubes of such bank face to face with the inlet tube sheet of the next bank supporting the inlet ends of the tubes of such next succeeding bank. The tubes at the outlet side of the outlet tube sheet and the tubes at the inlet side of the inlet tube sheet protrude toward each other beyond the surfaces of the tube sheets. A removable transition connecting piece in the form of an apertured plate with the same hole diameter and pitch as the tube sheets is sandwiched between the outlet tube sheet and the inlet tube sheet. It is removably secured in that position by securing it to the aforementioned ends of the banks.

Abstract: The feedwater heater of this invention comprises a plurality of heating tubes arranged in U form, with feedwater being passed therethrough, a feedwater inlet chamber having a feedwater inlet for introducing feedwater thereinto and a tube plate assembling the ends of said heating tubes and also having formed therein a feedwater reservoir, a feedwater outlet chamber having a feedwater outlet for discharging the heated feedwater and a tube plate assembling the other ends of said heating tubes and also having formed therein a feedwater reservoir, a first cylindrical body or shell having disposed therein a tube nest consisting of the U-formed heating tube portions positioned on one side as well as support plates holding said heating tubes in position, said cylindrical body having its one end communicated with said feedwater outlet chamber and also provided with a hot steam inlet for introducing hot steam that serves as the feedwater heating source, a second cylndrical body or shell having disposed therein a tube n

Abstract: A heat exchanger has a plurality of modules in parallel, each module has a nest of tubes for circulating first fluid to be heated, vaporized and/or superheated. The nest is disposed between two perforated discs in a casing for the flow of a second fluid, inlet collectors for the second fluid at the top part of the modules connected to a common feed cylinder and outlet collectors for the second fluid at the bottom part of the modules connected to a common discharge cylinder. The axes of the modules are set at a constant angle on a circle having as its axis, the vertical axis common to the cylinders and the modules are connected by short straight collectors to the common feed cylinders, while the discharge cylinder is connected by generally U-shaped collectors which are sufficiently resilient to allow for expansion of the module in the event of accidental reaction between the sodium and the water. Application to nuclear power stations using a sodium-cooled rapid neutron nuclear reactor.

Abstract: A heat exchanger system and ducting arrangement therefor includes a pair of heat exchanger units defining an elongated space between them, and individually having a first fluid flow path and a second fluid flow path therethrough for transferring heat from a relatively hot fluid to a relatively cool fluid, a bifurcated inlet channel for delivering the hot fluid to the heat exchanger units, a pair of exhaust conduits for conducting the hot fluid away from the heat exchanger units after heat is extracted therefrom during its travel through the first fluid flow paths, an elongated duct for delivering the cool fluid to the elongated space and from there oppositely outwardly to the heat exchanger units, and a pair of outlet manifolds for conducting the relatively cool fluid away from the heat exchanger units after it is beneficially heated during its travel through the second fluid flow paths.

Abstract: Low cost solar collector panel utilizes surface mounted tubing in which the inner wall portion of the tubing is copper to permit the use of untreated water in the system. The outer wall portion of the tubing is aluminum which provides additional strength and is easily attached to a low cost aluminum absorber plate. A method of producing the composite aluminum-copper tubing in long length coils is disclosed. The tubing can also be formed into connectors for connecting copper and aluminum tubing together.

Abstract: The invention relates to milking apparatus in which the milk line and droppers, which convey milk under vacuum from teat-cup clusters to a receiving jar, are enclosed over their major length in a water-jacket through which water is directed in a direction contrary to the flow of milk. In this way the milk is pre-cooled before it is received in the receiving jar and frothing of the milk in the receiving jar is reduced so eliminating contamination of the vacuum line by froth. The water jacket is provided with warm-water outlets for drawing off warm water from the water-jacket for washing purposes.

Abstract: A steam generator, particularly for a pressurized-water coolant nuclear reactor, has two U-shaped tube bundles vertically positioned with their legs end-to-end and with their inlet and outlet ends mutually registered and each individually provided with a tube sheet separate from the others and releasably interconnected by common inlet and outlet primary medium chambers and connections. Each tube bundle is enclosed by a U-shaped jacket having its ends connected to and closed by the respective tube sheets and means are provided for flowing the secondary medium through the two jackets in series.

Abstract: An apparatus for carrying out chemical reactions in a continuous manner, particularly polymerizations, comprising a substantially axially symmetrical central reaction chamber containing a plurality of vertically spaced substantially axially symmetrical separators dividing said central reaction chamber into a plurality of compartments, a rotatable shaft extending perpendicularly to said separators through each of said separators adapted to mount agitator blades therein for each of said plurality of compartments, means to rotate said rotatable shaft, openings in said separators adapted to allow a restricted flow of liquid between said plurality of compartments, a plurality of ring-shaped conduits, each in communication with one of said plurality of compartments by two unrestricted openings therein, and openings in the topmost and bottommost of said plurality of compartments and in said ring-shaped conduits adapted to receive and dispense fluids; as well as a method of continuous suspension polymerization of vin

Abstract: A closure for a heat exchanger of the shell and tube type in which fluid under high pressure is circulated through one or more tubes mounted in the shell. The pressure of the fluid flowing through the shell is lower than the pressure of the fluid in the tubes. The closure includes a single seal member for sealing between the tube sheet and the shell terminal member and between the tube sheet and the closure member and between the terminal member and the closure member. The tubes are bent in a hairpin shape with a separate closure at each end of the tubes. An opening in the end of the shell allows the tube and tube sheet to be inserted into and removed from the interior of the shell.

Abstract: A fabricated packed pipe coupling gland suitable for a connection where there is at least one brittle pipe, the coupling forming a pressure tight, leak proof coupling which is semi-rigid. The coupling is particularly useful for coupling glass pipe to metal pipe for conveying highly corrosive vapors at high temperature, for example heated titanium tetrachloride vapors to a reactor for forming titanium dioxide.

Abstract: A sludge heat treat system wherein a tube in the tube heat exchanger consists of multiple set of small tubes spaced inside of larger tubes. At the end of each run there is a return bend that conveys the fluid on the inner tube around to the next tube in the tube exchanger and also conveys the outer tube fluid to the next tube system. The inner tube system is carrying sludges that are obtained in a sewage treatment plant or an industrial waste treatment plant or any other type of treatment plant where sludges are produced and it is desired to heat treat these in order to release the bound waters and thereby effect a dewatering of the sludge cake which is not possible without sludge heat treat systems. The outer tube conveys a liquid which is usually water which has been treated. The outer tube conveys a liquid which is usually treated water which gives up the heat from an outside source to the sludge on the inner tube in a consistent manner.