Abstract: A chilling unit includes: air heat exchangers each including heat transfer tubes and fins; and a machine room unit on which the air heat exchangers are provided. The air heat exchangers each have a long-side portion that extends in a longitudinal direction of the machine room unit. The air heat exchangers includes a pair of air heat exchangers that are inclined such that a spacing between upper end portions of the heat exchangers is greater than a spacing between lower end portions thereof. In each pair, the long-side portion of at least one air heat exchanger has a heat-exchanger end portion located at a unit end portion of the machine room unit in the longitudinal direction, and from the heat-exchanger end portion, heat transfer tubes that protrudes from an outermost one of the fins in an arrangement direction thereof and that extend linearly in the lateral direction do not extend.

Abstract: A nuclear reactor comprising a vessel and a micro-channel heat exchanger is disclosed. The vessel houses coolant defining a maximum level within the vessel, and the micro-channel heat exchanger is partially submerged below the maximum level. The micro-channel heat exchanger comprises a core, a plurality of primary channels, and a plurality of secondary channels. The core comprises a top face, a bottom face disposed opposite the top face, a first side face extending between the top face and the bottom face, and a second side face disposed opposite the first side face. The plurality of primary channels extends through the core from a primary inlet of the first side face to a primary outlet of the second side face. The plurality of secondary channels extends through the core among the plurality of primary channels from a secondary inlet of the top face to a secondary outlet of the top face.

Abstract: A heat exchanger includes a core having a plurality of tubes, each tube having a tube inlet and a tube outlet, and the tube inlets define an inlet plane and the tube outlets define an outlet plane. The tubes are spaced from one another for receiving a second fluid therebetween, for heat transfer between the first and second fluids. A jacket is provided adjacent the core for use in containing the second fluid, and the jacket comprises a jacket inlet for passage of the second fluid en route to the core. The jacket extends between the inlet plane and the outlet plane, and the jacket inlet is offset from the inlet plane towards the outlet plane. The heat exchanger further comprises a deflector arrangement for directing a flow of second fluid from the jacket inlet towards the inlet plane prior to entering the core.

Abstract: A method for full spectrum solar thermal energy harvesting and collection includes storing a first heat in a phase change material in the presence of solar radiation based on absorbing full spectrum solar radiation, harvesting a second heat from the phase change material in the presence of solar radiation, storing molecular energy in a molecular storage material in the presence of solar radiation based on absorbing full spectrum solar radiation, transferring the second heat from the phase change material to the molecular storage material in the absence of solar radiation, and harvesting the molecular energy released by the molecular storage material.

Abstract: A housing and cooling system for computer hardware includes an infrastructure module and a payload module. The infrastructure module is configured for housing computer hardware and is equipped with either or both of a convective air cooling system and an arrangement of metal plates connected by one or more conduits for carrying liquid for cooling computer equipment housed by the infrastructure module. The infrastructure modules also houses a programmable logic controller (“PLC”). The payload module includes an immersion cooling system governed by the PLC and is located outside of the infrastructure module.

Abstract: A coaxial tube arrangement for a heat exchanger may include a coaxial tube and a closing cover. The coaxial tube may include an inner core channel and an outer annular channel. The closing cover may close the coaxial tube at a longitudinal end side. The closing cover may have a base region and a circumferential edge. The base region may be aligned transversely to a flow direction through the coaxial tube. The circumferential edge may be aligned with the flow direction and may face the coaxial tube. The circumferential edge may have a thickness, which is defined transversely to the flow direction, that is equal to or greater than a height of the annular channel, which is defined transversely to the flow direction. The circumferential edge may cover the annular channel transversely to the flow direction and may separate the annular channel from the core channel in a fluid-tight manner.

Abstract: An infrared lamp tube heat dissipation automatic control system, wherein, according to the temperature of the coolant in lamp tube and the value provided by the flow rate sensor, the controller calculates the optimal flow rate of the coolant in a proportional mode that the higher the temperature, the faster the flow rate, and then control the flow rate by the flow control valve, so as to achieve predetermined coolant temperature and perform contact heat dissipation to the halogen bulb, thus solving the problem of the non-contact heat dissipation of halogen bulb of the prior art that cannot achieve the predetermined heat dissipation effect and resulting in the easy damage of halogen bulb; and further improves the product reliability and the service life. Furthermore, the leakproof structure of the lamp holder achieves a completely leakproof function, thereby enhancing product safety.

Abstract: A vessel includes first and second portions that are non-permeable to a fluid and a third portion that is permeable to fluid. The first potion defines at least one exterior wall defining an exterior container. The second portion defines at least one interior wall defining an interior container encapsulated by the exterior container. The third portion is positioned between the at least one exterior wall and the at least one interior wall, is integrally formed with the first portion and the second portion, and has a porous structure with non-uniform connected porosity.

Abstract: A transportation refrigeration unit including: at least one component powered by an energy storage device composed of a first energy storage pack and a second energy storage pack, wherein the at least one component draws electrical power from the energy storage device at an operating power; a return air temperature sensor to detect a return air temperature; a controller to adjust the operating power in response to the return air temperature, wherein the controller determines a state of charge of the first energy storage pack and a state of charge of the second energy storage pack, wherein the controller selects at least one of the first energy storage pack and the second energy storage pack to power the at least one component in response to the operating power, the state of charge of the first energy storage pack, and the state of charge of the second energy storage pack.

Abstract: An evaporator comprises: a housing with a refrigerant inlet and a refrigerant outlet; heat transfer tubes that are contained in the housing, in which chilled water for heat exchange with refrigerant inside the housing flows; at least one distribution tray that is placed apart from the heat transfer tubes and has a plurality of holes for distributing refrigerant over the underlying heat transfer tubes; and a tube support with a plurality of holes for passing the heat transfer tubes through, that is placed inside the housing and supports the distribution tray. Through the present disclosure, it is possible to achieve stable heat exchange performance by placing the distribution tray horizontal and stable.

Abstract: In one aspect, a cooling tower system is provided that includes an evaporative heat exchanger, a sensor configured to detect a parameter of evaporative liquid distributed onto the evaporative heat exchanger, and an evaporative liquid treatment system. The cooling tower system further includes a controller having a normal operating mode wherein the controller operates the evaporative liquid treatment system to treat the evaporative liquid upon a determination of inadequate evaporative liquid quality based at least in part on the parameter of the evaporative liquid. The controller has a failsafe operating mode wherein the controller changes operation of the cooling tower upon a determination that the operation of the evaporative liquid treatment system is unable to remedy the inadequate evaporative liquid quality.

Abstract: A tubular heat exchanger (10) comprising: a fluid circulation chamber (20) intended to be supplied with a first fluid, referred to as outer fluid, brought to a first temperature, a heat exchange matrix (30) housed in said circulation chamber and formed by a plurality of heat exchange tubes (31) each comprising at least one pair of ducts (32; 33) nested one inside the other, extending along a direction, referred to as longitudinal direction, and defining: a channel for circulating a fluid, referred to as inner channel (32c; 33c), suitable for being able to be supplied with a second fluid, referred to as inner fluid, brought to a second temperature, and a channel for the circulation of a fluid, referred to as intermediate channel (32d; 33d), and suitable for being able to be supplied with a third fluid, referred to as intermediate fluid, brought to a third temperature, different from said first temperature.

Abstract: A heat exchanger with increased heat transfer capability includes first and second end plates, tubes extending between the first and second end plates and fins disposed between the tubes. The heat exchanger is disposable within and differs in shape from a space defined between first and second walls such that corners of the first end plate abut the first wall and a point of the second end plate abuts the second wall, the first wall diverges from the corners of the first end plate to define a first open region and the second wall diverges from the point of the second end plate to define second open regions. At least one of the first end plate and the second end plates includes enhancements fluidly communicative with the at least one corresponding one of the first open region and the second open regions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a heat exchanger of an exhaust heat recovery apparatus having a simple structure which is configured such that exhaust gas is evenly distributed, thereby preventing a boiling phenomenon wherein coolant water is boiling, and improving efficiency of heat exchange and durability of the apparatus.

Abstract: A highly available and modular cooling distribution unit (CDU) includes a heat exchange module and a pair of redundant pump modules, all configured to occupy a designated rack space that is comparable to rack space required for a conventional 1×CDU without redundancy. The heat exchange module may be fluidically coupled to one or more rack information handling resources via liquid coolant conduits, manifolds and accompanying valves, sensors, etc. In at least one embodiment, the heat exchange module includes a heat exchanger to dissipate heat from a liquid coolant and a fan assembly to move heated air in proximity to the heat exchanger. Each pump module is coupled to the heat exchange module and configured to circulate liquid coolant through a closed loop circuit that includes the heat exchanger, the liquid coolant conduits and manifolds, and information handling resources.

Abstract: A microchannel freezing cylinder assembly is disclosed that includes an inner cylinder located within an outer cylinder. Multiple grooves are located on the exterior of the inner cylinder that form multiple microchannels when the inner cylinder is located within the outer cylinder. The inner cylinder includes an inlet header and a distribution header, with multiple orifices located in a ridge between the inlet header and distribution header. The distribution header is in fluid communication with the microchannels.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a casing, the manufacturing method includes a step of manufacturing a plurality of metal members which are components constituting the casing including a casing body having a tubular shape that extends with an axis as a center; a step of arranging the plurality of metal members according to the casing to be formed; and a step of forming the casing by welding the plurality of metal members to each other, in which in the step of manufacturing the metal members, the plurality of metal members are manufactured by at least two kinds of manufacturing methods among forging, steel plate processing, casting, and a fused metal deposition method.

Abstract: A marine engine has a powerhead having an cylinder block, a cylinder head, and a crankcase; a supercharger providing charge air for combustion in the powerhead, wherein the supercharger discharges the charge air to an outlet duct; and a charge air cooler cooling the charge air prior to combustion in the powerhead. The charge air cooler has an upstream inlet receiving the charge air from the outlet duct and a downstream outlet discharging the charge air to the cylinder head. The downstream outlet is coupled to the cylinder head by a first one of a rigid seal device and a flexible seal device and the upstream inlet is coupled to the outlet duct by a different, second one of the rigid seal device and flexible joint device.

Abstract: A heat exchanger including a gas inlet through which a combustion gas flows in and a gas outlet through which the combustion gas flows out is provided. The heat exchanger includes a housing in which the gas outlet is formed, a partition member, and a plurality of heat transfer tubes accommodated in the housing. The partition member is mounted in the housing so that there is a portion in which a flow area of the combustion gas is smaller than that of the gas inlet between the gas inlet and the gas outlet.

Abstract: A multiple-stage fractal heat exchanger includes two or more first fluid flow paths arranged adjacent to one another. Each first fluid flow path is defined by a main inlet channel on one side which diverges into two or more smaller channels to form a central first fluid flow path. In each of the two or more first fluid flow paths. The two or more smaller channels converge away from the central first fluid flow path into a main outlet channel on an opposite side of the first fluid flow path to the main inlet channel. The main outlet channel of each of the two or more first fluid flow paths is configured to be connected to the main inlet channel of an adjacent first fluid flow path.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a heat exchanger for gases, in particular for the exhaust gases of an engine, which includes a plurality of gas circulation conduits and a casing for the exchange of heat between said gases and a coolant fluid that surrounds the gas circulation conduits housed inside the casing, wherein baffles are used to configure the passage of the coolant fluid between said gas circulation conduits, having at least one inlet baffle that directs the flow of coolant to the part and thus improving the operating conditions of the exchanger and making same more efficient.

Abstract: A heat exchanger in one aspect includes a longitudinal shell and a transverse shell oriented transversely thereto. A J-shaped tube bundle carrying a tube-side fluid extends through the longitudinal and transverse shells from a first tubesheet in the longitudinal shell to a second tubesheet in the transverse shell. The first and second tubesheets are oriented perpendicular to each other. In a related aspect a dual heat exchanger unit includes a first longitudinal shell, a second longitudinal shell, and a common transverse shell extending transversely between and fluidly coupled to the longitudinal shells. The longitudinal shells may be parallel to each other. The shells are fluidly coupled directly together to form a common shell-side space between pairs of inlet and outlet tubesheets. A pair of J-shaped tube bundles is disposed in the dual heat exchanger unit for heating two tube-side fluids.

Abstract: A thermal module and a projector using the same are provided. The thermal module comprises a heat sink and a base. The heat sink comprises a bottom, a plurality of fins, a cover, and a plurality of side walls. The fins are disposed on the bottom, and each of the fins comprises a reference plane and a plurality of protrusions, wherein adjacent two of the protrusions are convex toward opposite directions with respect to the reference plane, and rows of through holes are formed by adjacent two protrusions along a flowing direction. The cover is disposed on the fins. The side walls are disposed between the bottom and the cover and surrounding the fins, wherein a liquid is capable of flowing through the heat sink by entering the inlet and exiting by the outlet of the side walls or the cover. The bottom of the heat sink is disposed on the base.

Abstract: A core arrangement for a heat exchanger includes a plurality of inlets arranged around an axis, a plurality of outlets arranged around the axis, and a plurality of bowed conduits arranged around the axis. The bowed conduits are structurally independent, connect the plurality of inlets to the plurality of outlets, bow outward from the axis between the plurality of inlets and the plurality of outlets, and provide thermal compliance to the core.

Abstract: Incorporating into a fixed bed reactor for an exothermal reaction having a catalyst supported on a support having a thermal conductivity typically less than 30 W/mk within the reaction temperature control limits heat dissipative particles having a thermal conductivity of at least 50 W/mk less than 30 W/mk within the reaction temperature control limits helps control the temperature of the reactor bed.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for transferring thermal energy between a first working fluid and a second working fluid. The heat exchanger has an outer shell that has a first port, a second port, a third port, and a fourth port. A set of tubes each extend within the outer shell and between the first and second ports, such that the first working fluid can flow in parallel through the tubes. A plenum space extends within the outer shell and between the third and fourth ports, and surrounding the tubes. The second working fluid is to flow through the plenum space. The heat exchanger has a central core region, a first transition region that extends between the first port and the central core region, and a second transition region that extends between the second port and the central core region.

Abstract: A heat exchange unit is disclosed. At least one air opening of the heat exchange unit is formed from a sloped surface, enabling the area of the air opening to exceed the cross-sectional area of heat exchange of the heat exchange unit, and further enhancing heat exchange efficiency. A heat exchange device employing the heat exchange unit and a closed electrical apparatus employing the heat exchange device are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a high-pressure tank, capable of removing bubbles inside a carbon-fiber layer and those on an outer surface thereof without deteriorating a strength of the carbon-fiber layer, preventing a defective appearance, reducing variations in size, and thereby manufacturing a high-pressure tank having an excellent strength is provided. A method for manufacturing a high-pressure tank includes an uncured carbon-fiber layer forming step of forming an uncured carbon-fiber layer around a liner, a glass-fiber layer forming step of forming an uncured glass-fiber layer around the uncured carbon-fiber layer, a pin inserting step of inserting a tubular pin disposed therein from an uncured glass-fiber layer side to an interface of the uncured carbon-fiber layer, a gas sucking step of sucking a gas from the pin, and a thermally-curing treatment step of forming a glass-fiber layer and a carbon-fiber layer.

Abstract: Arrangement for supporting U-bend tube sections in the high heat environment of steam generators using flat bars. The invention uses a combination of thicker and thinner flat bars to impart a serpentine path to the arc of the normally curvilinear U-tubes. The support system accommodates the dilation and contraction of coolant tubes and other elements caused by the extreme and varying conditions inside a steam generator, and which can cause gaps between coolant tubes and prior art tube support bars. Bars of alternating thickness provide alternating offsets to tensionally push and support each tube on multiple sides and in multiple locations, and this tension keeps the tubes in contact with at least some flat bars on multiple sides regardless of size and shape changes. Support arrangement includes a set of fan bars, each fan bar including thick and thin flat bars projecting up and out from a collector bar.

Abstract: A compressor system includes a compressor having a discharge port; and a shell and tube heat exchanger fluidly coupled to the discharge port. The heat exchanger includes a shell and a tube bundle disposed inside the shell. The shell includes a first flat portion extending along a longitudinal axis of the shell from a first end of the shell to a second end of the shell, and a second flat portion parallel to the first flat portion and extending along the longitudinal axis between the first end and the second end. The tube bundle is positioned between the first flat portion and the second flat portion, and extends along the longitudinal axis between the first end of the shell and the second end of the shell.

Abstract: A plate heat exchanger, and a heat exchanger plate for the plate heat exchanger for heat exchange between a first fluid and a second fluid are disclosed. The heat exchanger plate comprises a heat exchanger area comprising a first end zone, a central main zone adjoining the first end zone, a second end zone adjoining the central main zone, and a corrugation of ridges and valleys on the heat exchanger area. A longitudinal center axis extends along and through the three zones. The ridges and valleys extend along a respective continuous line, which is at least partly curved and forms an angle of inclination with the longitudinal center axis. The angle of inclination at the longitudinal center axis is less steep for the continuous lines at the first end zone than at the central main zone.

Abstract: The invention relates to a recessed hollow profile for mounting to a wall system in a wall of a building, which allows ventilation with efficient decentralised energy recovery. The invention also relates to a system for ventilating a room.

Abstract: A heat exchanger is constructed from a plurality of plate pairs stacked to form air flow passages between adjacent ones of the plurality of plate pairs and cooling fluid flow paths within each of the plurality of plate pairs. The cooling fluid flow paths have a first portion along one longitudinal edge of each plate pair, a second portion along an opposing longitudinal edge each plate pair, a third portion extending through the heat exchange section between the first and second portions, and a fourth portion extending between the first and second portions along one lateral edge of each plate pair and bypassing the third portion. Flow barriers are arranged within each plate pair to at least partially define the third and fourth portions.

Abstract: A heat exchanger manufacturing method comprising: a welding step of disposing a first weld bead through a thickness of one of the inner and outer plate portions and fusing the first weld bead to other of the inner and outer plate portions for joining together the first and second case halves, to thereby provide the heat exchange tube; and a temporary tacking step of providing a temporarily-assembled end plate/tube unit by temporarily tacking the heat exchange tube to each of the end plates by means of a second weld bead and filling, with the second weld bead, a gap of a generally triangular shape defined, at each of the opposite end portions of the heat exchange tube, by an outer surface of the inner plate portion, an end surface of the outer plate portion and a corresponding one of the end plates.

Abstract: A server cabinet includes a base plate, a number of sidewalls, a top plate, and a number of reinforcing ribs. The sidewalls are arranged surrounding the base plate and coupled between the top plate and the base plate to form a cavity. A portion of the sidewalls defines a number of receiving grooves. The reinforcing ribs are received within the receiving grooves and coupled to at least one of the sidewalls and the base plate.

Abstract: A falling film evaporator includes an evaporator housing and a plurality of evaporator tubes disposed in the evaporator housing and arranged into one or more tube bundles, through which a volume of thermal energy transfer medium is flowed. A plurality of tube sheets support the plurality of evaporator tubes. A first wall member and a second wall member extend vertically at opposite lateral sides of the plurality of evaporator tubes. The first wall member and the second wall member define an inner vapor passage therebetween, define a first outer vapor passage between the first wall member and the evaporator housing, and define a second outer vapor passage between the second wall member and the evaporator housing. A first gap between a first wall member lower edge and the plurality of tube sheets is greater than second gap between a second wall member lower edge and the plurality of tube sheets.

Abstract: An exhaust gas recirculation cooler may include a housing having a coolant inlet opening into an inlet region and a coolant outlet, and a plurality of cooling tubes arranged in the housing next to one another to form a tube row, each cooling tube connecting an exhaust gas inlet and outlet. At least two tube rows with one arranged on top of another and spaced from each other may form a tube block. Exhaust gas may be flowable through an inside of each cooling tube, and a coolant flow may be able to be circulated outside of the cooling tubes within the housing and flowable through an annular space enclosing the tube block in a circumferential direction. A flow guide arrangement for guiding the coolant in the interior of the tube block may be arranged in the housing lying against at least portions of one of the tube rows.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for exchanging heat between two fluids, use of the exchanger with liquid metal and gas, and application to a fast neutron nuclear reactor cooled with liquid metal. The present invention concerns a heat exchanger (1) for exchanging heat between a first fluid (N2) and a second fluid (Na). According to the invention, the structure of the heat exchanger makes it possible to supply and recover the primary fluid, such as sodium (Na), to and from a given longitudinal end (2a) opposite the longitudinal end (2b) by which the secondary fluid, such as nitrogen (N2), is supplied and recovered. This allows a physical separation between the paths of the two fluids in the exchanger, with the possibility, in particular, of having restricted access for one of the fluids, such as sodium (Na) and non-restricted access for the other of the fluids, such as nitrogen (N2).

Abstract: Provided are a layered heat exchanger that can prevent deterioration of sealing property due to deformation of sealing portions of inlet and outlet header sections when a PTC heater is sandwiched between flat heat exchanger tubes, and is pressed to be brought into close contact with the flat heat exchanger tubes, and a heat medium heating apparatus and a vehicle air-conditioning apparatus using the layered heat exchanger.

Abstract: A plant or refinery may include equipment such as reactors, heaters, heat exchangers, regenerators, separators, or the like. Types of heat exchangers include shell and tube, plate, plate and shell, plate fin, air cooled, wetted-surface air cooled, or the like. Operating methods may impact deterioration in equipment condition, prolong equipment life, extend production operating time, or provide other benefits. Mechanical or digital sensors may be used for monitoring equipment, and sensor data may be programmatically analyzed to identify developing problems. For example, sensors may be used in conjunction with one or more system components to detect and correct maldistribution, cross-leakage, strain, pre-leakage, thermal stresses, fouling, vibration, problems in liquid lifting, conditions that can affect air-cooled exchangers, conditions that can affect a wetted-surface air-cooled heat exchanger, or the like. An operating condition or mode may be adjusted to prolong equipment life or avoid equipment failure.

Abstract: A compliant heating system includes a dynamic component including a heat exchanger; a pressure vessel shell encompassing at least a portion of the heat exchanger; and a compressive seal expansion that connects the dynamic component and the pressure vessel shell.

Abstract: A heat exchange device includes a first heat exchange unit having a first condenser tube bundle disposed within a first cylinder of the first heat exchange unit and a second heat exchange unit having a refrigerant dispenser disposed in a second cylinder of the second heat exchange unit, where a first refrigerant outlet of the first heat exchange unit is in fluid communication with a first refrigerant inlet of the second heat exchange unit through a throttling device, the refrigerant dispenser extends along an axial direction of the second cylinder to form a chamber within the second cylinder, the chamber includes an upper portion and a lower portion, a second condenser tube bundle is disposed in the upper portion of the chamber, and an evaporation tube bundle is disposed in the lower portion of the chamber.

Abstract: The invention relates to a high-pressure plate heat exchanger having a polygonal plate packet that is arranged in a pressure chamber created by a housing, the housing having convexly curved flange covers. Said heat exchanger is characterized in that at least one of the flange covers has a polygonal opening for receiving the plate packet.

Abstract: A heat exchanger may include at least one fluid passageway adjacent a heat transfer plate and a plurality of heat transfer elements positioned in the at least one fluid passageway and joined with the heat transfer plate. The heat transfer elements may be positioned with first spacings therebetween at an inlet end of the at least one fluid passageway. The heat transfer elements may be positioned with second spacings therebetween at an outlet end of the at least one fluid passageway. The first spacings may be smaller than the second spacings.

Abstract: A hybrid plate-fin heat exchanger for exchanging heat between a first fluid and a second fluid is disclosed. The hybrid plate-fin heat exchanger comprises a plurality of plates, each of which comprises channels for conveying the first fluid. Fins are brazed onto each plate, wherein the fins define a plurality of flow channels for the second fluid. The plates are joined to one another via friction-stir welding in such a way that the brazed regions are fluidically isolated from the first fluid during operation. As a result, the heat exchanger is suitable for use in applications that use a first fluid, such as seawater or geothermal fluid, which is corrosive for the brazed regions.

Abstract: A heat exchanger includes a core defining a first passageway and a second passageway. The core includes a plurality of unit cells coupled together. Each unit cell of the plurality of unit cells includes a first wall and a second wall. The second wall is spaced from the first wall. The first wall at least partially defines a first passageway portion and a second passageway portion. The second wall at least partially defines the second passageway portion. The second wall extends about the first wall such that the first passageway portion is nested within the second passageway portion.

Abstract: A process for recovering (meth)acrylic acid includes distilling a mixture comprising (meth)acrylic acid in a finishing column at less than atmospheric pressure to produce a finishing column overhead stream and a finishing column bottoms stream. An overhead aspirating direct contact condenser system at least partially condenses the finishing column overhead stream to form a finishing column overhead condensate and an overhead non-condensables vent stream. A finishing column vapor-phase side draw may also be recovered. An aspirating direct contact condenser system may be used to at least partially condense the vapor-phase side draw.

Abstract: A system for converting fuel is provided and includes a first reactor comprising a plurality of ceramic composite particles, the ceramic composite particles comprising at least one metal oxide disposed on a support, wherein the first reactor is configured to reduce the at least one metal oxide with a fuel to produce a reduced metal or a reduced metal oxide; a second and reactor configured to oxidize at least a portion of the reduced metal or reduced metal oxide from the said first reactor to produce a metal oxide intermediate; a source of air; and a third reactor communicating with said source of air and configured to regenerate the at least one metal oxide from the remaining portion of the solids discharged from the said first reactor and the solids discharged from the said second reactor for by oxidizing the metal oxide intermediate.

Abstract: The heat exchanger wherein each end of a plurality of heat transfer tubes is connected to an end wall of a bulging portion provided at a side wall of a case, an open edge of a header is fitted onto the bulging portion, and a chamber connecting with each heat transfer tube is formed. For jointing the header to the side wall, an inner circumferential end of the open edge of the header is formed as a first curved surface with a convex section, an outer face of the circumferential wall of the bulging portion is formed as a second curved surface with a concave section, the first curved surface and the second curved surface contact each other, and the surface-contact portion and the area therearound are welded. The number of the members is reduced, the structure is simplified, and the production cost of the heat exchanger is reduced.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for transferring heat between two fluids consists of a shell surrounding at least two tube bundles attached at both ends to a tube header. Each of the tube bundles is constructed from a plurality of individual tubes that are twisted into identical helixes formed about a common helical axis. Because each individual tube is formed in the shape of a helix, rather than as a straight tube, thermal elongation of the individual tubes results in a considerably reduced axial force on the tube attachments and tube header. Use of multiple tube bundles wound with opposite twist direction improves spacing efficiency between tubes.