Abstract: A refrigeration distribution arrangement which improves the uniformity of coil temperature distribution along the length of an evaporator coil. The distribution arrangement is particularly beneficial when an evaporator coil is operating partially flooded with refrigerant, such as when refrigeration capacity is being reduced with a suction line modulation valve. Distributor tubes from a refrigerant distributor are inserted for at least first and second different dimensions into coil tubes which initiate a plurality of refrigerant circuits in the evaporator coil. In an exemplary embodiment, the first dimension is a relatively short dimension, and the second dimension is a relatively long dimension, such as about one-third of the coil length. The refrigerant thus expands at different locations across the coil length, initiating coil cooling at different coil locations. The discharge temperature of air (flowing across the evaporator coil into a served space is thus more uniform across the coil length.

Abstract: A multitube heat exchanger is used as a heat exchanger for blood in an artificial lung, for example. The multitube heat exchanger has a number of pipes disposed in a tubular housing and heads mounted on the opposite ends of the housing and having fluid inlet and outlet ports, respectively. A fluid flows through the pipes. The housing has fluid inlet and outlet holes for passing another fluid around the pipes. One of the heads which has the fluid inlet port accommodates baffle plates for checking the fluid flow to produce a turbulent fluid flow. With this arrangement, no air bubbles remain trapped in the head with the fluid inlet port, and the fluid can uniformly distributed into the pipes to keep a uniform temperature within the heat exchanger.

Abstract: An evaporator for an automotive air conditioner having a plurality of U-flow tubes therein arranged side by side so that spaces are provided for air centers secured between the sidewalls of the tubes. Each tube is formed from a pair of identical plates that have a centralized divider rib that separates the tubes into separate side flow passages joined by a lower interconnecting crossover passage. The tubes have a plurality of flow ribs indented and joined in a predetermined pattern therein to form discrete fluid flow sections within each tube. The ribs are interconnected in such a manner that the sections effectively direct and tailor the flow of the heat exchanger fluid to a lower and intermediate section of the tube at the turning of the flow from one section to another to reduce, or substantially eliminate, dry out areas in each tube, thereby increasing heat exchanger tube and evaporator efficiency.

Abstract: A conduit for carrying fluid in a downstream direction includes a diffusing section. Downstream extending convolutions in the wall of a diffusing section energize the boundary layer and delay boundary layer separation from the wall surface of the diffusing section or permit an increase in the diffusion angle without the occurrence of separation. Such convolutions are particularly useful when rapid diffusion is required in a short distance, such as in the diffusing section of automotive catalytic converter systems. Such a system carries engine exhaust products from a small, cylindrical pipe into a typically larger elliptical cross-section catalyst filled portion. The convolutions help to more uniformly disperse the exhaust gas throughout the catalyst bed using a relatively short diffusion section.

Abstract: A heat exchanger (18) located in an enlarged flow area section (10) of a duct (12) includes a plate (14) located downstream of the exchanger for improving distribution of the duct flow.

Abstract: An automotive air conditioning system condenser is disclosed. The condenser includes a plurality of tubes having opposite first and second open ends, and a plurality of fin units disposed between the plurality of tubes. First and second header pipes are fixedly disposed at the opposite ends respectively, and the open ends of the tubes are disposed in fluid communication with the interior of the header pipes. The first header pipe has an inlet which links the condenser to an external element of the circuit. The first header pipe also has an outlet which links the condenser to an external element of the circuit. Partitions are provided in the header pipes to create isolated chambers therein. The partition comprises a horizontal portion with a peripheral portion extending perpendicularly to the horizontal portion. The partition is inserted into the header pipe through an open end.

Abstract: Here is disclosed a heat exchanger of the multiflow type comprising a plurality of flat tubes and corrugated fins stacked together one on another alternately, an inlet header pipe to which said flat tubes are connected at their one ends, an outlet header pipe to which said flat tubes are connected at their other ends, and partitions provided within said respective header pipes so that a flow of refrigerant folded plural times in zigzag fashion is established along a purality of paths defined between the two header pipes, wherein the corrugated fins and the flat tubes are previously dimensioned within the respective optimal ranges and the number of the paths as well as the numbers of the flat tubes defining the respective paths are also optimally selected so that the passage resistance of the refrigerant and the flow resistance of the cooling air may be effectively reduced while improving the heat exchanging efficiency, and thereby a heat exchanger having a totally high reliability may be obtained.

Abstract: Baffles are arranged relative to an oil cooler mounted in one of the tanks of a motor vehicle radiator so as to force coolant through the oil cooler rather than allow coolant to bypass same for enhanced heat transfer.

Abstract: An evaporator for an automotive air conditioner having a plurality of tubes arranged side by side so that the tubes form spaces for air centers and channel heated air past the sidewalls of the tubes. Each tube has a divider rib to define liquid and vapor passages for the flow of refrigerant around the end the rib in a general U-shaped flow. The ribs have spaced bypass openings therein so that each rib is able to allow the leakage of liquid refrigerant across the rib from the liquid to the vapor side to eliminate dry out areas and thereby increase heat exchanger efficiency.

Abstract: A vertical tube heat exchanger having a shell enclosing a bottom tubesheet, a top tubesheet in parallel, spaced-apart relationship to the bottom tubesheet, and a plurality of spaced-apart parallel flow tubes extending between the top tubesheet and bottom tubesheet includes liquid distributor devices inserted into the open top end of the flow tubes. The distributors are fabricated of an elastic material of sufficient resilience to sustain deformation circumferentially of the distributor device to accomodate irregularities in the tube wall at the top end creating a continuous uninterrupted peripheral seal at the interface of the distributor and tube wall at the open top end when inserted in the tube open top end, and to recover the original peripheral size and form of the distributor when the distributor is removed from the tube open top end.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for use in an automobile air conditioning system is disclosed. A condenser as the heat exchanger comprises a plurality of flat tubes for conducting refrigerant and a plurality of corrugated fins fixedly sandwiched between the flat tubes. First and second cylindrical header pipes are fixedly and hermetically connected to the interior of the flat tubes, and are provided with inlet and outlet union elements respectively for connecting the condenser to the other elements of the air conditioning system. Each of the header pipes is provided with a partition plate in order to turn the direction of the flow of the refrigerant, thereby obtaining the effective heat exchangeability of the condenser. The partition plate includes large and small semicircular portions. A semicircular slot is formed at a certain portion of each of the header pipes in order to place an arcuate periphery of the large semicircular portion on a lower surface thereof.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for various kinds of liquid and gaseous fluids includes a tubular conduit having a corrugated heat exchanging outer wall and a stationary baffle and turbulator plate mounted inside each corrugation. The turbulator plates divert the fluid flow radially into contact with the large surface areas of the corrugations and a ribbed construction on each turbulator plate adds to the turbulence of the fluid flow to enhance heat exchange. As assembly of tubular conduits is provided with quick disconnect attachments whereby individual conduits may be easily removed and replaced.

Abstract: A multiple serpentine tube heat exchanger having side-by-side arranged serpentine-shaped passageways each extending across the core and a mixing chamber connecting one such passageway to at least one other. The passageway constituting the back of the heat exchanger core has an enlarged internal surface area relative to the passageway constituting the face of the heat exchanger core. Microgrooving of the passageway can be used to further enhance heat transfer.

Abstract: A heat exchanger, especially for cooling cracked gas, with a nest of tubes secured between two tube plates (2) and with two terminal chambers (4) adjacent to the tube plates and tapering toward a connector (5). The intake-end chamber accommodates inserts. The inserts consist of rods bent into round or polygonal, concentrically positioned rings (7). The rings are positioned away from the tube plate in alignment with the intake-end connector in an area that essentially equals the connector's cross-section.

Abstract: A condenser apparatus includes a pair of headers provided in parallel with each other; a plurality of tubular elements whose opposite ends are connected to the headers; and fins provided in the air paths between one tube and the next. Each of the headers is made of a cylindrical pipe of aluminum. At least one of the headers is internally divided by a partition into at least two groups of coolant passageways, thus enabling the flow of coolant to make at least one U-turn in the header. The partition extends into the header through a slit in the header. Each of the tubular elements is made of a flat hollow tube of aluminum. The opposite ends of the tubular elements are inserted into slits produced in the headers so that they are liquid-tightly secured.

Abstract: A heat exchanger comprising an outer envelope having an inlet and an outlet for passage of an associated first heat exchange fluid therethrough. A first tube is mounted within the envelope for external contact by the first heat exchange fluid, and adapted for passage of a second heat exchange fluid therethrough in physical isolation from the first exchange fluid. A generally helical blade is disposed within the first tube for free rotation and free axial movement. The blade has a laterally centered bearing portion on at least one end thereof which has a diameter relative to that of the first tube, such as to cause the helical blade to pass in closely spaced relation to the inside surface of the first during rotation. A bearing member is disposed adjacent at least one end of the helical blade which comprises a porous member disposed in substantially aligned relationship with the helical blade.

Abstract: The present invention is an improved serpentine heat exchanger. Two metal sheets are crimped together, sealed at their abutting edges. The sheets have matching depressions which from a serpentine air passageway. Within the passageway are elongated ribs and column like dimples which serve as obstruction to the air flow, directing fluid flow over under-utilized portions of the passageway and generating turbulent fluid flow near heat transfer surfaces.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for various kinds of liquid and gaseous fluids includes a tubular conduit having a corrugated heat exchanging outer wall and a stationary baffle and turbulator plate mounted inside each corrugation. The turbulator plates divert the fluid flow radially into contact with the large surface areas of the corrugations and a ribbed construction on each turbulence plate adds to the turbulance of the fluid flow to enhance heat exchange. An assembly of tubular conduits is provided with quick disconnect attachments whereby individual conduits may be easily removed and replaced.

Abstract: A heat exchanger including a first and second header is disclosed. The headers are linked in fluid communication by a plurality of elongated fluid tubes. In a first embodiment, the first and second headers are integrally formed as a single pipe having a partition wall extending radially across. Left and right intermediate headers are disposed laterally of the single pipe. Two groups of fluid tubes link the first header to a lower portion of the intermediate headers, and two additional groups of fluid tubes link the intermediate headers to an upper portion of the second header. In a second embodiment, the first and second headers are disposed in a spaced parallel arrangement and are approximately half the length of the left and right intermediate headers with which they are linked at an upper portion of the intermediate headers by fluid tubes. The lower parts of the intermediate headers are linked directly by a third group of tubes to complete the fluid circuit of the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A thin, convoluted wall member disposed upstream of the inlet of a diffuser generates large-scale vortices having axes in the downstream direction. The vortices enhance mixing within the diffuser and can also energize the boundary layer, thereby improving diffuser performance and delaying the onset of stall. Greater diffusion angles without stall are possible. The member itself creates low losses.

Abstract: The locating problems of endwise insertion of baffles into tubular heat exchanger headers and/or weakness problems resulting from slotting tubular heat exchanger headers for receipt of baffles are avoided in a heat exchanger including opposed headers 10, 12, at least one of which is a header tube 12 having a plurality of slots 26, 30 in a side thereof. A plurality of generally parallel tubes 14 extend between the headers 10, 12 and enter an associated one of the slots 26, 30, while a baffle is located in the header tube 12 and divides the same into two discrete sections and includes a collar 40 about an end 28 of one of the parallel tubes 14.

Abstract: A heat exchanger has a set of tubes through which fluid pass. In thermal communication with these tubes are fins of high thermal conductivity material which disperse the heat contained within the fluid. Also useful in dispersing the heat contained within the passing fluid are rods inserted within the tubes to substantially decrease the hydraulic diameter of the tubes. This heat exchanger may be used in a cryogenic refrigeration system which also includes a compressor for compressing refrigerant gas, a separator for separating refrigerant gas and oil used by the compressor, and a cryogenic refrigerator for expanding the refrigerant gas.

Abstract: So-called suck-in (FIG. 6) and banana-ing (FIG. 7) in a plastic tank for a vehicular radiator having elongated side walls 102, 104 connected by short end walls 106, 108 and having an opening 112 surrounded by a peripheral flange 114 which in turn includes a planar sealing surface 124 is eliminated by the provision of a substantially continuous, peripheral bead 140 about the tank generally parallel to the flange 114 and in close adjacency thereto.

Abstract: A heat exchanger with a multiplicity of generally vertical heat transfer tubes has an improved liquid distribution arrangement in its upper inlet head. The liquid distribution arrangement includes a flow diverting baffle disposed within the inlet head above the tubes, a plurality of flow restricting devices inserted in the upper open ends of the tubes and a dam spaced inwardly from a peripheral region of the upper head for receiving flow from the baffle and providing an overflow reservoir surrounding the upper open tube ends for evenly distributing flow to the upper open tube ends.

Abstract: A microtube-strip module, consisting of a plurality of parallel rows of microtubes, metallurgically bonded to rectangular header tubestrips, is encapsulated in solid metal in such a way as to leave at least one major surface exposed in a manner suitable for metallurgical bonding to an objective surface requiring heat transfer. Fluid connections are provided perpendicular to the objective surface to facilitate parallel manifolding of a plurality of these modules with high surface coverage. The device is intended for ultra high thermal flux applications, especially in aerospace and in controlled thermonuclear fusion, for the efficient transfer of heat between an objective surface and a working fluid, especially high pressure helium gas.

Abstract: A radiator is provided including a tube core having opposite ends opening into and from which corresponding end tanks are supported. The tube core is divided into a plurality of discrete tube core sections and the end tanks each include a plurality of discrete secondary compartments into which the corresponding ends of the tube core sections open. The end tanks also include primary compartments therein into and from which heat transfer liquid is received and discharged and communication structure is provided communicating each of the secondary compartments with the corresponding primary compartment for liquid coolant flow there between.

Abstract: An improved evaporator system for refrigeration systems, especially in environments where available space is restricted, the improvement including an inlet manifold disposed between an evaporator coil, which has a plurality of evaporator tubes, and a refrigerant expansion device. The inlet manifold is structured for more uniformly consistent and homogeneous composition of refrigerant received from the expansion device and delivered by the inlet manifold into each evaporator tube. The inlet manifold includes an elongated, endless refrigerant path through which refrigerant received from the expansion device circulates. The passageway has an elongated first portion spaced apart from, and generally coextensive with, an elongated second portion. Each of a plurality of inlet manifold outlets disposed in the first portion are connected to one of the plurality of the evaporator tubes.

Abstract: A plate type heat exchanger has a plurality of tube units and a plurality of corrugated fins. Each of the tube units is formed by a pair of plates, namely a pair of plates are connected to each other by a brazing material at a connecting portion at an outer periphery of the plate and a center rib at a center axis of the plate. The center rib has an enlarged portion at the top end thereof in order to gather the molten brazing material toward the enlarged portion. The brazing at the center rib is started from the enlarged portion. Therefore a brazing defect is prevented from occurring at the top end of the center rib. Since the tube unit is effectively connected by brazing, the tube unit of the present invention has enough anti-pressure strength.

Abstract: A plenum in combination with a heat exchange panel and a panel structure having a large number of closely spaced orifices of equal size. The plenum area relative to that of the orifice area is such that a pressure head in the plenum is maintained to provide a constant flow of heat exchange medium from the plenum through the orifices to the heat exchange panel.

Abstract: An automotive oil cooler used in combination with an oil filter. The oil cooler is comprised of a heat exchange element which is constructed of a plurality of heat transmission plates. The heat transmission plates are piled up one upon another and fixedly secured by brazing in such a manner as to define oil and water flowing spaces on the opposite sides of each heat transmission plate. Oil and water flow through the oil and water flowing spaces, respectively. The heat exchange element is formed with a plurality of oil supply passages through which oil is supplied to the oil filter, an oil inflow passage communicating with the oil flowing space to receive oil from the oil filter, an oil outflow passage communicating with the oil flowing space to receive oil from the oil flowing space, a water inflow passage communicating with the water flowing passage, and a water outflow passage communicating with the water flowing space to receive water from the water flowing space.

Abstract: A heat exchange pipe for heat transfer between a medium in the pipe (1) and another medium outside the pipe (1) including baffle elements (3) for deflecting a layer of the first medium in the pipe (1). According to the improvement in this invention, each baffle element (3) has two kinds of deflecting channels, an inlet opening of the first kind of which is in a well defined first portion of a cross-section of the pipe (1) and its outlet is in a well defined second portion of the cross-section, and an inlet opening of the second kind of deflecting channels is in the second portion and its outlet is in the first portion of the cross-section.

Abstract: A tube and shell type heat exchanger providing multi-pass contraflow of two heat exchange fluids includes a cylindrical outer shell, a modular baffle assembly guiding a shell fluid, a plurality of multi-wall tube sets and a pair of opposed end assemblies. A fixed end assembly fixedly receives one end of the tube sets and provides manifolding for directing multi-pass tube fluid flow through the tube sets. An opposite, floating end assembly slidably receives and seals floating tube ends to accommodate temperature induced expansion and contraction. The floating end assembly also provides manifolding for directing the multi-pass tube fluid flow through the tube sets. A triple wall tube set may be employed to provide extra protection against contamination of heat exchange fluids.

Abstract: A heat exchanger comprises a matrix made up of alternate layers of generally planar sheets and generally corrugated sheets which cooperate to define a plurality of parallel passages for first and second heat exchange fluids. Alternate of the passages defined by each of the corrugated sheets and its adjacent planar sheets are adapted for the passage of a first heat exchange fluid and the remainder adapted for the passage of a second heat exchange fluid. The ony bonding together of the planar sheets and corrugated sheets is along those portions of their peripheries which are parallel with the defined passages.

Abstract: A tube and shell type heat exchanger providing multi-pass contraflow of two heat exchange fluids includes a cylindrical outer shell, a modular baffle assembly guiding a shell fluid, a plurality of multi-wall tube sets and a pair of opposed end assemblies. A fixed end assembly fixedly receives one end of the tube sets and provides manifolding for directing multi-pass tube fluid flow through the tube sets. An opposite, floating end assembly slidably receives and seals floating tube ends to accommodate temperature induced expansion and contraction. The floating end assembly also provides manifolding for directing the multi-pass tube fluid flow through the tube sets. A triple wall tube set may be employed to provide extra protection against contamination of heat exchange fluids.

Abstract: An evaporator having a vertically mounted elongated tubular chamber, a pair of upper and lower tube sheets mounted near the ends of said tubular chamber, each tube sheet having a plurality of openings therein with a plurality of vertical evaporator tubes mounted between the pair of tube sheets, tangentially mounted inlet tubes between the upper tube sheet and a top cover for the tubular chamber, and an inverted cone mounted as a filler piece on the underside of the top cover and having its apex just slightly spaced from the upper tube sheet and its circumferential edge substantially spaced therefrom for effecting a uniform and even flow and distribution to the evaporator tubes of a liquid/solid mixture inputted into the tangential inlet tubes. The elongated tubular chamber is also provided with lateral inlet and outlet openings for inputting/outputting heated and subsequently cooled fluid to flow externally past the evaporator tubes.

Abstract: Gas/liquid heat exchanger with condensation.It is presented in the form of blocks juxtaposed (1) within an enclosure (2) and in which two series of channels (3,4) are pierced, these blocks (1) being disposed within an enclosure (2), the space between the enclosure (2) and the central column which the blocks form being separated into two chambers (6,7), connected respectively to the gaseous phase supply circuit (10) and the other to the circuit (14) for the evacuation of the condensates formed.

Abstract: A tube-type heat exchanger has the tube ends substantially flush with the upper tube sheet and liquid is distributed to the tubes through distributor heads which are sealed and therefore provide gas cushions absorbing volume changes in the tubes.

Abstract: A heat exchange apparatus which is particularly applicable for use in vehicles such as aircraft subject to high gravitational forces. A core provides superposed fluid flow paths extending longitudinally of the roll axis of the aircraft between opposite ends of the core and alternating in planes generally parallel to the pitch axis of the aircraft. Alternate ones of the flow paths carry a coolant between the opposite ends of the core, and the remaining flow paths carry a medium to be cooled. The alternate flow paths each include a plurality of flow passages extending between opposite ends of the core. A first fluid distributor at one end of the core evenly distributes coolant to the alternate flow paths. A second fluid distributor at the one end of the core evenly distributes coolant to the plurality of flow passages in each alternate flow path.

Abstract: A helical flow heat exchanger comprises a hollow casing with an outwardly protruding helical trough which defines a helical flow path along the internal periphery of the casing. The casing has an inlet at one end for introducing fluid tangentially into the casing and an outlet at another end from which the fluid exits the casing. A blocking body is disposed within the casing to substantially block fluid flow along the length of the casing inward from the peripheral helical flow path and to force fluid that has deviated inwardly back out into the flow path to maintain helical flow.

Abstract: A heat exchanger of vertical type in which fluid flows vertically downwardly comprises a cylindrical outer shell which is approximately divided by upper and lower tube plates into an upper plenum, a lower water passage, and an intermediate heat exchanging passage. A plurality of metal-made heat exchanger tubes are disposed in parallel in the heat exchanging passage with both ends supported by the upper and lower tube plates, respectively. A plurality of metal-made fluid flow throttling members are adjustably contacted to a lower end of the heat exchanger tube and inserted into the lower end opening of the corresponding heat exchanger tubes, respectively.

Abstract: A condenser for an air conditioning system has a tube and fin design. The tubular flow path divides into two parallel paths at the condenser inlet. The two paths combine at a junction at a point about two thirds of the distance to the outlet. A single path connects the junction to the outlet. In general condensation of the refrigerant occurs in the dual path and liquid flows at high velocity in the single path to the outlet for better heat transfer and reduced liquid volume in the tubular path.

Abstract: In a technique for recovering hydrocarbon values from a heavy hydrocarbon-water mixture, the mixture is first delivered through a sub-assembly to remove solid particulates. Then the mixture is delivered through a series of heat exchanger--kettle arrangements in which the mixture is heated above the boiling point of water. Some of the steam formed is allowed to escape through steam removal devices in the heat exchanger. The inside of the heat exchanger includes a plurality of discrete baffles which are unconnected to the heat exchanger and which can be readily removed therefrom. Heating of the mixture continues in the kettles where the bulk of the water is boiled off the mixture. A heavy hydrocarbon oil is recovered in the liquid outlet from the last kettle. The vapors boiled off are recovered and condensed to recover a light hydrocarbon oil and quite pure water.

Abstract: A dry expansion heat exchanger of the tube and shell type. The heat exchanger comprises a shell having a plurality of bundles of tubes therein and a pair of end bonnets on opposite ends of the shell. Secondary baffles within the bonnets subdivide the bonnets into subchambers that are aligned with respective bundles of tubes. The cross-sectional areas of successive bundles of tubes increase to allow for expansion of the coolant as it flows through the heat exchanger and absorbs heat from the fluid to be treated. The secondary baffles define restricted flow areas for the coolant which have increasingly larger cross-sectional areas for successive chambers in the end bonnets.

Abstract: A laminated heat exchanger includes a plurality of parallel spaced tube elements with tanks at one end thereof, and fins disposed between adjacent tube elements. Each tube element has a pair of joint portions projecting from the other end thereof toward two adjacent tube elements and held in abutment with the joint portions of the two adjacent tube elements. The joint portion has a corrugated shape composed of alternate parallel grooves and ridges and hence is rigid enough to withstand external forces. The tube element includes a guide member disposed on a front end of the partition wall for directing a heat transferring medium toward the opposite corners of a guide channel. With the guide member, the heat transferring medium is distributed uniformly over the entire region of the guide channel.

Abstract: A radiator designed more especially for use with IC engines comprises a bank of coolant tubes extending between two coolant heaters. The bank of tubes contains not only smaller tubes with the same bore cross section but furthermore tubes with a larger bore cross section designed to reduce the resistance to flow between the two headers. The presence of such larger tubes in the radiator taking the place of tubes with a smaller cross section and having an equal cross section like the other tubes present in the bank of tubes, makes it possible to avoid using a coolant pump with a larger pumping rate and to avoid the design of the radiator to withstand a higher pressure. It is possible to accept a slight decrease in the radiator performance, such decrease being balanced by other means and in any case being offset by the cost advantages.

Abstract: Shell-and-tube transfer line heat exchangers are disclosed, having inlet ends with a flow streamlining device comprising, in combination:flared ends, preferably in the form of hollow truncated cones, whose smaller ends are aligned with and mated to the inlet ends of the heat exchange tubes in a conventional transfer line heat exchanger, the ends of these heat exchange tubes being contained within tubesheets, the flared ends extending away from the inlet and tubesheet, andpeaked gas guides, preferably in the form of closed, concave gables having rounded, smooth tops, which rise between the rims or edges of adjacent larger ends of the flared ends and enclose the spaces between these rims or edges.Methods of quenching high temperature gases while recovering useable heat therefrom using these modified transfer line heat exchangers are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention provides fluid handling apparatus which may be heat exchange apparatus or fluid reaction apparatus. The apparatus is provided with an interrupter structure for disrupting the fluid boundary layers at the walls of the apparatus and promoting mixing of the separated boundary layers with the adjacent core layers. One interrupter structure comprises a plurality of longitudinally-spaced interrupter elements mounted on a core rod, each element comprising a plurality of blade-like members each of at least approximately spherical segment profile in side elevation, the members extending mutually radially outward relative to one another to touch or nearly touch the said surface or surfaces adjacent the elements. The elements are spaced longitudinally from one another the distance required to provide wake intererence flow of the fluid, wherein the vortex upstream of one element cooperates with the vortex downstream of the next element in the fluid path.

Abstract: A heat exchanger, particularly a coolant evaporator, is provided that has several flat pipes that are arranged parallel to one another and are each expanded at their ends with respect to a central part and are closed off by caps. The expanded ends are provided with connecting openings so that the heat exchange medium can flow to the adjacent pipe. At least one of the caps that are provided for closing off the pipe ends is equipped with a projection extending towards the inside of the pipe and closes off at least one of the connecting openings, so that the production of a heat exchanger of identically constructed flat pipes is simplified, in that by the insertion of correponding caps that either expose the connecting openings to the adjacent pipes or not, it is easy to control the flow of the heat exchange medium inside the flat pipes.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for cooling solid substance-containing gases comprises a plurality of heat exchanging tubes through which gases flow. An intake nozzle of a trumpet-shaped configuration is coaxially mounted on and connected to the end portion of each heat exchanger tube. A locking device is provided to connect the intake nozzle to the respective tube.

Abstract: This fluid warmer includes a disposable pouch and a pouch warmer assembly. The pouch has an inlet and an outlet and in between there is a plurality of ribs which are so arranged as to force equal flow across the bottom heating area of the pouch. The pouch is insertable into a warmer assembly which consists of a housing which provides mechanical support for the heating element, temperature regulating circuit board, and an arrangement to maintain thermal contact between the heating element and the pouch. The posterior surface of the pouch will be constructed of a metal possibly coated with Teflon for rapid heat conduction from the heating element. The metals may be stainless steel, aluminum and copper or medical aloids.