Abstract: An integral manifold for a heat exchanger is formed from a hollow shape having a plurality of individual risers, initially having substantially solid cross-sections and subsequently reshaped by means of a reverse impact extrusion process into hollow risers. The walls of the hollow shape under the hollow risers are perforated, thus forming apertures constituting inlets connecting the cavity of the hollow shape with the individual hollow risers.

Abstract: An evaporator is made up of a plurality of heat exchange modules each in turn made up of an elongated lower header 30 of non rectangular cross section and having a plurality of tubes 40 mounted by the header 30 along its length and extending therefrom in side by side relation. The tubes 40, in the direction transversely of the header 30 are stacked and assembled together with the lower headers in sealing abutment with each other and defining upwardly opening channels 56. Sets of serpentine fins 44 can extend between adjacent tubes 40 in each module and/or between the plurality of modules.

Abstract: A condenser adapted for use in the car cooling system, the condenser comprising a pair of headers provided in parallel with each other; a plurality of tubular elements whose opposite ends are connected to the headers; fins provided in the air paths between one tube and the next; wherein each of the headers is made of a cylindrical pipe of aluminum; wherein each of the tubular elements is made of a flat hollow tube of aluminum by extrusion; and wherein the opposite ends of the tubular elements are inserted into slits produced in the headers os that they are liquid-tightly soldered therein.

Abstract: A solar energy system for the heating of water in a spa or the like. The system comprises a solar collector array for receiving water from the spa, for heating the received water, and for then directing the heated water back to the spa. The solar collector array is formed of a plurality of sets of tubes positionable on a supporting surface adjacent to the spa with webbing coupling the tubes of each set along the majority of their lengths. Inlet and outlet manifolds couple the ends of the tubes. A submersible pump is positioned within the spa for pumping water to the solar collector array for heating. An inlet hose is coupled between the pump and the inlet manifold to conduct water from the pump to the solar collector array while an outlet hose is coupled to the outlet manifold to conduct the heated water from the solar collector array back to the spa. Also discloses is the method of installing, using and storing the solar energy system.

Abstract: A heat exchanger having first and second ducts respectively for the supply of compressed air to be heated and for the discharge of heated compressed air. A tube matrix includes first and second branches respectively connected to the first and second ducts for conveying compressed air from the first duct to the second duct. The tube matrix is exposed to the flow of hot gases therearound to heat the compressed air conveyed in the tube matrix. A plate heat exchanger connects the first and second branches of the tube matrix to convey the compressed air from the first branch to the second. The plate heat exchanger is formed by spaced plates between which the hot gases flow, each plate being connected to rows of tubes of the matrix in the first and second branches and forming a flow chamber in which the compressed air can be conveyed.

Abstract: A heat exchanger having an inlet duct for admission of a first fluid to be heated, an outlet duct for discharge of the first fluid after heating thereof, the ducts being arranged in substantially parallel relation, and an assembly of a plurality of heat exchanger tubes connected to the inlet and outlet ducts for receiving the first fluid from the inlet duct to convey the first fluid through the tubes for discharge into the outlet duct. The heat exchanger tubes are of U-shape, each including first and second straight leg portions respectively connected to the inlet and outlet ducts and a curved bend region connecting the straight leg portions for reversing the direction of flow of the first fluid from the first leg portion to the second leg portion. The assembly of heat exchanger tubes projects laterally of the ducts into the path of travel of a second fluid which flows around the tubes in a passage area.

Abstract: A heat exchanger, particularly a coolant evaporator, is provided that has several flat pipes that are arranged parallel to one another and are each expanded at their ends with respect to a central part and are closed off by caps. The expanded ends are provided with connecting openings so that the heat exchange medium can flow to the adjacent pipe. At least one of the caps that are provided for closing off the pipe ends is equipped with a projection extending towards the inside of the pipe and closes off at least one of the connecting openings, so that the production of a heat exchanger of identically constructed flat pipes is simplified, in that by the insertion of correponding caps that either expose the connecting openings to the adjacent pipes or not, it is easy to control the flow of the heat exchange medium inside the flat pipes.

Abstract: In order to bring about, in the case of a crossflow heat exchanger with two heating sections which can be individually regulated through the heat transfer medium, a pipe routing adapted to the particular installation conditions in a motor vehicle, with minimum possible connections, the partition wall subdividing a central deflection header is provided with perforations further dividing both regions of the deviation zone for the heat transfer medium, for a purposeful routing of the heat transfer medium through integrated flow and return tubes from an outer deflection header to the respective opposite heating section. Only one flow pipe is connected to an outer deflection header and the two return pipes lead away from the same outer deflection header mutually separately for the heat transfer medium.

Abstract: A manifold for a heat exchanger or the like formed from a single sheet of metal with a plurality of tubular portions formed in a row by drawing the metal sheet, and then bending the metal sheet to form at least one conduit in communication with the tubular portions for establishing a flow path therethrough.

Abstract: A ceramic fiber-reinforced ceramic heat exchanger includes a tube sheet and one or more coiled, oval cross-section U-tubes formed integrally with the tube sheet, wherein both the tube and tube sheet are composed of a ceramic fiber-reinforced ceramic composition, particularly suited for waste heat recovery in harsh flue gas environments.

Abstract: An air conditioner condenser manifold uses a tube having a flat side and a semi-oval cross-sectional shape, with holes pierced into the flat side of the tube without removing any material from the tube. The material of the flat side of the tube within an indentation around each of the holes is formed into a cylindrical collar recessed into the tube and having an inside axial length longer than the unpierced thickness of the tube. The ends of smaller tubes are bonded into each of the collars so that bonding material is disposed in the indentations around the holes.

Abstract: A manifold, especially a supply or receiving tank in a heat exchanger, is provided as an extruded/drawn tube with an outwardly and longitudinally extending protrusion part. Fastening flanges with a size larger than the width of the protrusion part are an integral portion of the protrusion part. The shaped tube with protrusion part is extruded or drawn, and then the protrusion part is perforated to form a plurality of apertures which are transformed in one or more steps by cold deformation into the fastening flanges of desired diameter, shape and length.

Abstract: A multi-layer type heat exchanger is formed by a row of parallel flat tubes each having tank portions spaced widthwise of the flat tube and disposed adjacent to one end thereof. Each tube defines therein a passage for a heat transfer fluid extending from one tank portion towards the other end of the tube and is then turned to the other tank portion. The flat tubes are stacked such that the tank portions are connected together in fluid-flow communication with each other. The portions of each adjacent pair of tubes excepting the tank portions are spaced apart to accommodate a corrugated fin. Each tube is formed by two press-worked core plates soldered together to form the passage in the tube. Two adjacent core plates of each adjacent pair of tubes have bent end portions extending to and engaged with each other or integrally connected together to support the other ends of the adjacent tubes in spaced relationship to accommodate the fin therebetween.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for the independent heating of the driver and front-seat passenger side of a passenger space, having flow pipes located at the ends of the heat exchanger at the transition between the upper and lower water compartment. These flow pipes are connected to the central flow connection via a flow channel transverse to the central flow connection and corresponding juncture channel. The transverse channel is located above a collecting chamber which is located at the lower side of the upper water compartment. The flow pipes guide the flow from the upper water compartment to the lower water compartment. Return pipes are positioned to guide the flow from the lower water compartment into the collecting chamber in the upper water compartment. From the collecting chamber the flow travels out of the upper water compartment through return connections.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing integrated manifolds for heat exchangers include providing hollow shape with a plurality of individual risers each having a substantially solid cross-section. Subsequently, the risers are reshaped by means of a reverse impact extrusion process into hollow risers. Finally, by perforating the wall of the hollow shape under the hollow risers, apertures are provided constituting inlets connecting the cavity of the hollow shape with the individual hollow risers.

Abstract: A heat exchanger of the type having a tube assembly made up of a number of tubes through which a first medium flows and around and between which a second medium flows to accept heat from, or transfer heat to, the first medium. One of the media is constrained by baffles to follow a tortuous path through the heat exchanger. According to the invention, the baffles are completely separate from the tubes, so permitting them to be replaced or adjusted without the necessity of disassembling the tube assembly. The baffles can be carried releasably on rods which allow their spacing to be adjusted at will, with the result that heat exchangers according to the invention are more versatile than conventional heat exchangers where the baffles are fixed to the tubes.

Abstract: A heat exchanger as well as a method of manufacturing the same, in which the heat exchanger bottom is constructed thermo-elastically flexible in a layered manner of construction taking into consideration the rigidity requirements thereof; each layer has two complementary sheet metal shells which are equipped with predeformations for the connections or enclosure of matrix profile ends as well as for the mutual joinability of the layers.

Abstract: An all ceramic heat exchanger for heating ambient air from hot waste fumes. In the preferred embodiment, the inlet and outlet tube walls for the ambient air are formed with removable inserts having bell-shaped openings formed therein. Central tube walls include an internal passageway formed therein and serve the dual purpose of supporting the matrix of transversely extending tubes and directing the flow of ambient air to other zones of the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A heat exchanger with a stack of alternating hollow panels and corrugated plates includes a unique arrangement for positive drainage of water which flows down onto lower headers of the hollow panels as a result of condensation of moisture contained in air, which is pumped through the heat exchanger. A substantially vertical drain channel is defined between facing outer surfaces of the lower headers of nearby hollow panels, so that the water is guided downwardly from the upper surfaces of the lower headers into a sump as well as along the sides of the lower headers.

Abstract: A rotary processor useful in mixing, conveying, and heating or cooling a fluid material. Interchangeable subassemblies each comprise a helical coil permanently affixed at each end to a terminal block. The terminal blocks of each subassembly are removably fastened at a preselected orientation to two polygonal segments of a rotatable shaft. The polygonal segments are rotated relative to one another. A portion of the shaft and the subassemblies are supported within a housing having an inlet and an outlet for flow of the material to be processed.

Abstract: A heat exchanger includes a plurality of hollow panels arranged in a stack with fins interspersed therebetween and each having a fluid passageway therein and an upper header and a lower header at opposite sides of the fluid passageway. An end plate is applied to at least one end of the stack and formed with an inlet opening and an outlet opening in nearby positions which communicate to a fluid circulation path defined in the stack by the fluid passageways and the upper and lower headers of the hollow panels. An inlet and outer manifold block is mounted on the end plate for fluidly communicating the inlet opening of the end plate to an inlet conduit and the outlet opening to an outlet conduit.

Abstract: An arrangement is disclosed for joining the tubes of a heat exchanger core to a connecting box, wherein the tubes are fastened to the connecting box and sealed, said tubes being secured to the connecting box by means of a friction joint and at least one space being provided for each tube surrounding the end of the tube; each said space comprising a cavity bounded by the connecting box and the tube or a corresponding recess, and being filled and sealed with adhesive material.

Abstract: A hot air heat exchanger furnace that uses crop residue as a fuel source is provided for producing the heat required for various purposes, such as the drying of grains, peanuts, soybeans and other materials and for the heating of buildings. The furnace includes a combustion chamber, an upper manifold, a lower manifold, a plenum and a number of exhaust tubes. The exhaust tubes direct the flow of combustion gases from the combustion chamber in a serpentine path in the plenum between the upper and lower manifolds and into a stack. Meanwhile, ambient air passes into the plenum, past the heat transfer surfaces of the combustion chamber and the exhaust tubes as heat transfers to it. Then it passes out of the furnace.

Abstract: A motor vehicle heat exchanger for independently heating different passenger areas comprising first and second tube/fin block units for transferring heat from coolant flowing through tubes thereof to air flowing therethrough to first and second passenger areas, respectively. Common upper and lower coolant reservoir tanks supply coolant to both tube/fin units and receive coolant returning therefrom respectively. Intake tubes extend through a common gap between the first and second tube/fin units to supply heated coolant to the lower cooling tank.

Abstract: A wrapped fin heat exchanger having a plurality of circuits is disclosed. A bottom circuit of the wrapped fin heat exchanger is arranged in multiple rows and has circuiting to provide hot gaseous refrigerant to the areas of highest frost concentration during operation in the defrost mode. The circuiting allows for hot gaseous refrigerant to enter the inner loop and then flow downwardly to the bottom of the coil where the highest frost accumulation is concentrated. Refrigerant then flows upwardly through the outer row of the coil to an intermediate transition loop. The refrigerant then flows upwardly through the inner row and then back to the outer row and downwardly to an inner stop loop before being connected to the header. Hence, by circuiting the heat exchanger in the appropriate configuration it is possible to achieve the optimal frost melting and heat transfer arrangement.

Abstract: A single inlet/outlet-tank U-shaped tube heat exchanger is disclosed comprising a tank having a header plate and a plurality of U-shaped tubes whose legs extend through and terminate with an open end at one side of the header plate. A first group of the tubes is arranged so that the two open ends of each of these tubes are located in one and the other of two outboard rows extending longitudinally of the header plate. A second group of the tubes with a smaller radius return bend is arranged in staggered pairs intermediate those in the first group and with their return bends parallel to each other and angled to those in the first group so that one open leg end of each of the tubes in the second group is located in one and the other of the outboard rows and the remaining open leg end of each of these tubes is located in a third and inboard row extending between the two outboard rows.

Abstract: A multi-circuit arrangement for a wound coil heat exchanger and a method for making it are disclosed. The coil circuits are wound from a continuous length of spine fin tubing; locations are determined for breaking into the wound, continuous length of tubing to form adjacent circuits; the tubing is cut; the cut ends are pulled toward the manifold and downwardly so that adjacent ends angle toward each other; and transition tubes are secured to the cut ends, the tubes crossing each other to form an "X" configuration.

Abstract: A single inlet/outlet-tank U-shaped tube heat exchanger is disclosed comprising a tank having a header plate and a plurality of U-shaped tubes whose legs extend through and terminate with an open end at one side of the header plate. A first group of the tubes is arranged so that the two open ends of each of these tubes are located in one and the other of two outboard rows extending longitudinally of the header plate. A second and remaining group of the tubes is arranged so that the return bends of these tubes criss-cross those of alternate tubes in the first group and have their open leg ends all located in a third and inboard row extending between the two outboard rows.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing hollow flow profiles having optimum aerodynamic configurations in conformance with a commensurate application, about the respective outer skin of which there flows a first work medium during operation, such as hot gas, whereas ducts which are arranged within the interior of the flow profiles are concurrently streamed through by a second work medium, such as compressed air. The method of the present invention employs suitable deformation techniques (drawing, circular swaging or rolling) at preselected locations to particularly produce web-like aggregations of material. When appropriate materials are used for this purpose, contoured profiles of that type can also be formed through extruding. The webs, depending upon the demands of preceding or successive process steps, can be formed externally, internally or on both sides of the conduit material.

Abstract: A waterbox for a shell and tube heat exchanger is disclosed. The waterbox is attached at one end of the heat exchanger to a tube sheet through which heat exchange tubes extend. Nozzle connections are made to the waterbox through a top member having an access opening which projects onto an area of the tube sheet through which the heat exchange tubes extend. The openings of the nozzles project onto areas on the tube sheet through which no heat exchange tubes extend. A removable cover is positioned over the access opening in the top member so that, when fluid flow conduits are connected to the nozzles on the top member, the conduits and removable cover are positioned relative to each other to allow removal of the cover without disturbing the connections between the conduits and the nozzles. In an alternative embodiment, the conduit connections are made through the back wall of the tube sheet rather than through the top member. This allows use of a waterbox with a removable top member having no nozzles.

Abstract: The heat exchanger according to the invention comprises extremely flat oval-shaped tubes (3) extending in a mutually parallel and spaced-apart relationship and are connected on their narrow side to manifold pipes (1,2) for forward and return flow. To ensure a sufficiently stable mechanical connection between the pipes and a satisfactory supply and discharge of the heating medium from the manifolds to the flat tubes as well as in the reverse direction, a trough (5) is formed by material removal in the manifold pipes (1a, 2a) thus creating a connection aperture (6) in the wall of the pipe. The flat tube (3a) is fitted into this trough (5) with its rim on the narrow side, to ensure a solid stable welded joint between the pipes. The flat tube (3a) is provided on its narrow side with a bore serving as a connection aperture (7), which comes to lie centrally against the connection aperture (6) in the manifold (1a, 2a).

Abstract: There is illustrated and described herein a heat exchanger including rows of tubes, a pair of headers secured to the ends of the tubes, a groove formed in each of the headers adjacent the peripheral wall thereof and intermediate adjacent rows of tubes, a recessed portion formed along the full length of the centerline of each groove, a pair of tanks having walls aligned with and mounted in the grooves of the respective headers, a ledge formed around the outside wall of each header, a chamfer formed along each of the inner and outer edges of the tank walls to form a blunt edge at the ends of the chamfers, and a gasket mounted in each groove and depressed along its centerline into said recessed portions by the blunt edge, the tanks being retained in position by bending spaced extensions of the peripheral wall of each header onto the ledge.

Abstract: A heat exchanger with at least one main tube, closed off at one end, into which compressed air, which is to be heated, is admitted and, after being heated, is removed. The main tube has at least two channel guideways which are separated from one another in the longitudinal direction. U-shaped or curved compressed air lines project from the main tube and contact the hot gases. Each compressed air line is connected at one end to the channel guideway of the main tube into which compressed air is admitted, and at its other end with the channel guideway through which the heated compressed air is removed. The compressed air lines are formed primarily from hollow bodies, which extend in the direction of flow of the hot gas and which preferably are tapered at the inflow and outflow ends in order to aid the flow.

Abstract: A multiple module heat exchanger having a serpentine path for one fluid to flow transversely through adjacent modules while a second fluid flows longitudinally therethrough. A guide pin carried by one module and a mating receptacle carried by a module adjacent thereto cooperate to permit relative longitudinal movement between modules while precluding relative transverse movement therebetween. The mating guide pin and receptacle are located at the central axis of adjacent modules whereby there may be a limited amount of pivotal movement between adjacent modules.

Abstract: A hot air heat exchanger furnace that uses crop residue as a fuel source is provided for producing the heat required for various purposes, such as the drying of grains, peanuts, soybeans and other materials and for the heating of buildings. The furnace includes a combustion chamber, an upper manifold, a lower manifold, a plenum and a number of exhaust tubes. The exhaust tubes direct the flow of combustion gases from the combustion chamber in a serpentine path in the plenum between the upper and lower manifolds and into a stack. Meanwhile, ambient air passes into the plenum, past the heat transfer surfaces of the combustion chamber and the exhaust tubes as heat transfers to it. Then it passes out of the furnace.

Abstract: Tube circuits for heat exchangers which provide same-end inlet and outlet connections are disclosed, in which each circuit includes conduits of two types. In a preferred embodiment, the first type conduit has two tubes and is generally U-shaped, and the second type conduit has four tubes. The inlets for each conduit are disposed adjacent each other in the assembled heat exchanger, as are the outlets for the conduits. To equalize flow and pressure drop a turbulence promoting device can be disposed in the U-shaped conduit. The circuits can be used for providing same-end connections on coils previously available only in opposite end connection configurations, such as for example, three-row full-circuited and six-row double circuited coils.

Abstract: A liquid cooling system for thermally highly stressed parts of an industrial furnace consists of cooling channels, arranged essentially vertically and through which liquid flows and by-pass openings arranged at the upper end of the cooling channels for the direct passage of cooling liquid, by-passing the cooling channels. According to the dimensions of the by-pass openings, steam or gas bubbles are removed from the cooling system in a simple fashion and, at the same time, the cooling liquid which passes through the cooling channels and is heated is cooled by the cooling liquid flowing directly through the by-pass openings, before it again enters the next cooling channels. The by-pass opening(s) are formed by connecting tubes, or they are arranged in a cooling liquid distribution chamber, into which the cooling channels pass.

Abstract: Apparatus for connecting tube banks in a shell and tube heat exchanger comprises a tube sheet co-extensive with the ends of a pair of adjoining tube banks into which tube sheet a plurality of aligned U-bends are fitted at their ends. The U-bends are positioned to connect each tube end in one bank with its mirror image tube end in the adjoining bank.

Abstract: A catalytic heat exchanger useful for carrying out a catalytic reaction wherein a gaseous or vaporized mixture is flowed into contact with a catalytic material reactive with such mixture. The heat exchanger includes a reaction zone divided by a plurality of baffle plates into regions of progressive increasing or decreasing volume. The baffle plates form a tortuous flow path for the gaseous or vaporized mixture that provides intermittent contact with a bundle of heat exchange tubes and the catalytic material. The intermittent contact in turn provides a uniform reaction temperature which promotes reaction specificity.

Abstract: A welded dual-chamber pipe manifold with inlet pipe connectors and outlet pipe connectors arranged alternatingly in a single row, in alignment with a longitudinal partition wall of the manifold housing, the partition wall having alternating half-cone-shaped bulges and recesses in its proximate edge portion in alignment with the pipe connectors, intermediate portion of the proximate weld joint as well as the entire distal weld joint of the manifold housing being straight-line welds.

Abstract: A heater head for a multi-cylinder solar radiation powered hot gas engine comprises tubes connecting cylinder and regenerator tops. Each tube comprises three parts. A first part of each tube extends along an involute curve on a cone. A second part extends radially outwardly on the same cone while a third part extends radially inwardly and downwardly on another cone.

Abstract: A heat exchange assembly is disclosed, which assembly when placed, for example, in a temperature controlled environment, allows heat exchange between the environment and a fluid passed through the assembly. The heat exchange assembly comprises a plurality of elongated headers each having closed ends and longitudinally arranged inlet holes and outlet holes to provide fluid passage through the header from the inlet holes to the outlet holes transversely to the longitudinal. The headers are interconnected by tubes so that the fluid will pass sequentially through successive headers. Each header may advantageously be provided with a removable plate to allow insertion of cleaning reamers into the inside of the tubes. The heat exchange assembly is adapted to be constructed from readily available materials to form a self-supporting unitary structure.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fluid circuit, comprising a fluid outlet; a primary fluid flow line having a first section coupled with the fluid inlet and a second section coupled with the fluid outlet; an on-off type control valve and a heat exchanger located in the primary fluid flow line; a bypass fluid flow line connected in parallel to the heat exchanger to provide fluid flow between the first and second sections bypassing the heat exchanger; and a valve positioned in the bypass line for permitting fluid flow in the bypass line in the direction of the fluid inlet. Also disclosed is an automotive vehicle heating and cooling system containing the fluid circuit as the vehicle interior compartment heating system.

Abstract: There is disclosed herein an improved header construction for use with fin and tube type heat exchangers which allows for an increased number of radiating fins to be incorporated into a heat exchanger of any predetermined size. This header construction includes a base member having a plurality of tubular projections extending outward from a center interconnecting portion and a pair of oppositely extending substantially parallel spaced apart flange portions extending generally perpendicular to the interconnecting portions. A cover member is also included which has an interconnecting portion with a pair of similarly generally perpendicularly outwardly projecting substantially parallel flange portions which are spaced apart a distance slightly less than the distance between the flange portions provided on the base member so as to be received between and adjacent to respective of the base member flange portions.

Abstract: A method and means for interconnecting (a) a pair of headers for circulating inflow and outflow fluids such as a heat exchange liquid with (b) first and second extended flexible tube mats formed of a plurality of tubes cojoined side-by-side with the end portions thereof separated from one another.

Abstract: A heater head for a multi-cylinder solar powered hot gas engine has a number of heater tubes lined on a conical wall exposed to the radiation.The tubes follow involute curves in two parts. The first parts leave very small gaps between them. The second parts arranged at a larger diameter from the center of said wall follow another involute each tube now leaving such gap relative its neighbor that a returned tube part may be arranged between.

Abstract: A flow control apparatus for use with a heat exchanger having a plurality of heat exchange tubes. The flow control apparatus comprises a housing; and the housing is divided into a first compartment for communication with a first set of heat exchanger tubes, a second compartment for communication with a second set of heat exchange tubes, an inlet compartment for connection to an external fluid source, and an outlet compartment for discharging fluid from the housing. First, second, third, and fourth ports are provided for transmitting fluid between, respectively, the first and outlet compartments, the first and inlet compartments, the second and inlet compartments, and the second and outlet compartments. The flow control apparatus further comprises a flow control gate having a normal flow position directing fluid through the second and fourth ports, and a reverse flow position directing fluid through the first and third ports.

Abstract: A body of water having a liquid level and an outer edge is provided with a water heater having a collector formed as an array of adjacent and substantially concentric annular flexible tubes that surround the body at the edge and that has a rectified equal to at least 30 times its horizontal cross-sectional width. The tubes have exposed upper surfaces and feed ends connected to a feed manifold and return ends connected to a return manifold. Respective feed and return conduits are connected to the feed and return manifolds and both open into the body of water below the liquid level thereof. A pump is provided in one of the conduits for drawing water from the body into the feed conduit, then passing it sequentially through the feed conduit, the feed manifold, the tubes, the return manifold, and the return conduit, and for expelling the water into the body from the return conduit.

Abstract: A low profile, light weight and economical evacuated-bottle solar collector module is described. A row of off-shelf high vacuumware bottles as used for soup or coffee, without their usual reflective silvering, are fitted with absorbers and have their open ends fixed in grooves for support and thermal insulation in a combination insulation-support carrying frame. Holes are adapted in the frame for passage of the heat transfer fluid. Additional insulation members form header ducts for an air transfer medium or provide insulation and support of liquid tight tubing for a liquid transfer medium.

Abstract: A heat exchanger comparising a shell attached at its open end to one side of a tube sheet and a detachable head connected to the other side of said tube sheet. The head is divided into a first and second chamber in fluid communication with a nozzle inlet and nozzle outlet, respectively, formed in said tube sheet. A tube bundle is mounted within said shell and is provided with inlets and outlets formed in said tube sheet in communication with said first and second chambers, respectively.