Abstract: A conditioning or heating plant and a process of controlling the plant, wherein plant comprises at least one circuit for distributing a carrier fluid, having a delivery line, a return line, and a plurality of channels directly or indirectly connected to the delivery line and return line and configured for supplying respective environments to be conditioned and/or heated, at least one heat treatment central group placed on the circuit. The plant has, for each of the channels, at least one respective heat exchange unit and at least one flow-rate regulator.

Abstract: A conditioning or heating plant and a process of controlling the plant, wherein plant comprises at least one circuit for distributing a carrier fluid, having a delivery line, a return line, and a plurality of channels directly or indirectly connected to the delivery line and return line and configured for supplying respective environments to be conditioned and/or heated, at least one heat treatment central group placed on the circuit. The plant has, for each of the channels, at least one respective heat exchange unit and at least one flow-rate regulator.

Abstract: A chilled water distribution system includes a chilled water loop in fluid communication with a plurality of buildings and also in fluid communication with a plurality of chiller stations. A monitoring and control system communicates with one of the chiller stations, hereinafter referred to as a “controlled” chiller station because it is configured with one or more variable frequency drives that are controlled by the monitoring and control system to modulate the speed of at least one chiller station component such as, but not limited to, a pump or a fan. By way of this modulation process, a differential pressure of the chilled water loop may be maintained at a desired level so as to optimize chiller station output while minimizing chiller station energy consumption.

Abstract: Techniques for providing ancillary services to a power grid using customer premises such as commercial buildings. The techniques may involve receiving a regulation signal from a grid operator that is specific to a commercial building and modifying power consumption by at least one power consumption component in the building based on the regulation signal. The power consumption component may be a fan of a Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system. Conducted experiments demonstrate that up to 15% of fan power capacity may be deployed for regulation purposes while maintaining indoor temperature deviation to no more than 0.2° C. The regulation signal may be tracked in a frequency band from about 4 seconds to 10 minutes.

Abstract: An air distribution apparatus that serves as a single sensing device for both lighting, LiFi, and HVAC functions that are operable on a single platform by building automation systems. The building automation system may be controllable by a single software system or network accessible locally on site or remotely off site. The air distribution apparatus can operate in a single zone or coupled with multiple like apparatuses for multi-zone operation. It is a high turndown, self-balancing system which allows for continuous commissioning with built-in fault diagnostic systems and that may be used as a supply, return, or exhaust system, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A method for detecting errors in a sensor at a gas cylinder is implemented by a pressure estimation computing device including a processor and a memory device coupled to the processor. The method includes receiving a first pressure measurement from a first sensor associated with a gas cylinder, receiving a design schema describing an intake manifold, the intake manifold included within the gas engine, segmenting the design schema into a plurality of segments, defining a fluid dynamics model associated with each of the plurality of segments, defining a plurality of interconnected 2-port elements based on the plurality of fluid dynamics models, estimating a second pressure measurement for the gas cylinder based on the plurality of interconnected 2-port elements, comparing the first pressure measurement to the second pressure measurement, and determining that the first sensor is in an anomalous state.

Abstract: In vehicle air-conditioning devices including a refrigerant circuit having a compressor, an outdoor heat exchanger, an expansion device, and an indoor heat exchanger that are connected by refrigerant pipes to form a refrigeration cycle; an indoor air-sending device that supplies air to the indoor heat exchanger; and an outdoor air-sending device that supplies air to the outdoor heat exchanger, the refrigerant circuit is installed under the floor of a vehicle and uses carbon dioxide as the refrigerant.

Abstract: A container includes a server and a management server. A general fan takes in outside air to the container and sends the taken-in outside air to the server. An internal server fan is built into the server and cools down a CPU provided in the server. A fan-operation management unit controls rotation speeds of the internal server fan and the general fan based on a temperature of the CPU.

Abstract: Controlling a modulating gas furnace by monitoring a differential pressure associated with the modulating gas furnace using a low pressure limit switch configured to actuate at a first pressure, an intermediate pressure limit switch configured to actuate at a second pressure, and a high pressure limit switch configured to actuate at a third pressure, the second pressure being between the first and third pressure, selectively operating the modulating gas furnace in one of a cycling mode, a modulating mode in a lower range, and a modulating mode in an upper range, the modulating mode in the lower range being associated with an output capacity range between the output capacity ranges of the cycling mode and the modulating mode in the upper range, and selectively operating the furnace in response to at least one of the low pressure limit switch, the intermediate pressure limit switch, and the high pressure limit switch.

Abstract: A multi-pressure-quantity fan control system for a computer system is provided. The multi-pressure-quantity fan control system includes a controller. The controller provides a pressure-quantity control signal to a fan of the computer system, in order to set the fan to operate in one of a first pressure-quantity setting and a second pressure-quantity setting, wherein under a predetermined rotating speed, the fan has a first pressure-quantity curve for the first pressure-quantity setting and a second pressure-quantity curve for the second pressure-quantity setting.

Abstract: A control system for providing thermal management of electronic equipment housed in a cabinet enclosure. The system can include a plurality of sensors in proximity to the cabinet enclosure for monitoring a temperature, a pressure and a humidity associated with the electronic equipment; and a controller in communication with the sensors for receiving data from the sensors, where the controller adjusts the temperature, the pressure and the humidity associated with the electronic equipment.

Abstract: A duct adapter system directs air flow relative to a hybrid water heater. The duct adapter system includes a collar adapted to surround a vent of a hybrid water shroud. The collar couples to standard duct pipe to extend ductwork to a heat pump portion of the hybrid water heater. A boost fan may be included in the system for boosting air flow to or from a remote location. The duct adapter system is adapted to deliver a warm air supply to the heat pump from the remote location, or deliver the cool discharge air from the heat pump water heater to a remote location.

Abstract: A cooling system and method are provided for facilitating two-phase heat transfer from an electronics system including a plurality of electronic devices to be cooled. The cooling system includes a plurality of evaporators coupled to the electronic devices, and a coolant loop for passing system coolant through the evaporators. The coolant loop includes a plurality of coolant branches coupled in parallel, with each coolant branch being coupled in fluid communication with a respective evaporator. The cooling system further includes a control unit for maintaining pressure of system coolant at a system coolant supply side of the coolant branches within a specific pressure range at or above saturation pressure of the system coolant for a given desired saturation temperature of system coolant into the evaporators to facilitate two-phase heat transfer in the plurality of evaporators from the electronic devices to the system coolant at the given desired saturation temperature.

Abstract: A constant temperature liquid circulating device includes a heat absorption tube through which flows heat absorbing liquid, a tank containing a constant temperature circulating liquid and a heat exchange portion of the heat absorption tube, a conduit which circulates the constant temperature circulating liquid in the tank to an external device and a flow regulator. The flow regulator includes an electric proportional valve for controlling a flow amount of heat absorbing liquid in the heat absorption tube, an electromagnetic valve for delivering the heat absorbing liquid to the heat exchange portion, and a controller which regulates the flow of the heat absorbing liquid through the electric proportional valve not to be less than a low flow limit value, and which regulates the flow of heat absorbing liquid through the electromagnetic valve so as to adjust the circulating liquid to a predetermined temperature.

Abstract: A method for operating a refrigeration system for a container for refrigerating chilled cargo, and a system employing the method. The method includes providing a refrigeration system including a compressor, a condenser, an evaporator, an evaporator fan, and a heater. The method also includes determining the temperature of the supply air discharged into the container and the return air from the container, determining one of a requirement for heating and a requirement for cooling based on the temperatures of the return air and the supply air, activating the evaporator fan when a requirement for heating is determined and increasing the speed of the evaporator fan when increased heating is determined, and activating the compressor and the evaporator fan when a requirement for cooling is determined and increasing the power supplied to the compressor and maintaining the evaporator fan at a first speed when increased cooling is determined.

Abstract: A temperature control system for an optical microscope for inspecting an integrated circuit device under test (DUT) that includes a first fluid circulation system coupled to and supplying fluid to fluid injectors that spray fluid on the DUT and a second fluid circulation system for exchanging energy between fluids in the first fluid circulation system and the second fluid circulation system (e.g., via a heat exchanger). The fluid injectors may be configured to mix the fluid and pressurized air that can be sprayed on the DUT to cool and/or heat the DUT.

Abstract: A method and system for providing a heat sink assembly are described. The assembly includes a two-phase heat sink, a condenser, and a pump. The two-phase heat sink may include flow micro-channels that accommodate the flow of boiling coolant and cross-connect channel(s) that at least partially equilibrate a pressure field for the boiling coolant. The condenser receives coolant from the heat sink and removes heat. The pump drives coolant through the assembly. In one aspect, the assembly is a closed system for the coolant. In another aspect, the condenser includes first and second plates and a heat exchange surface there between. Coolant flows from the heat sink and through the plates. The gaseous coolant passes the heat exchange surface. In one aspect the gaseous coolant flows opposite to the direction coolant flows. In one aspect, at least one of the plates includes dummy channel(s) for insulating part of the plate(s).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a measure for minimizing an undesired passage of fluid from a first sector (1) to a second sector (2) separated by a non-fluid-tight separation (3), wherein a first pressure (P1-1) prevails in the first sector (1) and a lower second pressure (P2-1) than the first pressure (P1-1) prevails in the second sector (2). An intermediate chamber (4) which separates the two sectors (1, 2) from one another is arranged at the separation (3). A conveyor mechanism (5) is further provided which is designed to convey fluid from the intermediate chamber (4) to the first sector (1) in order to generate a lower pressure in the intermediate chamber (4) than the first pressure (P1-1) prevailing in the first sector (1), wherein the pressure (P4-1) generated in the intermediate chamber (4) is just as high or higher than the second pressure (P2-1) prevailing in the second sector (2).

Abstract: A fan is controlled to remove or provide air from or to an equipment enclosure as a function of a difference in pressure between a front and back of a rack of equipment.

Abstract: A method of controlling a hydronic system is provided. The hydronic system includes a plurality of fluid heat exchange units for feeding a load, and a bypass valve for bypassing the load. The method includes operating at least a first and a second fluid heat exchange unit in the hydronic system to heat or cool a fluid. An output fluid flow of each of the operating fluid heat exchange units is monitored. The monitored output fluid flow of each fluid heat exchange unit is compared to a predetermined fluid flow setpoint. The output fluid flow of each of the operating fluid heat exchange units is adjusted towards the predetermined fluid flow setpoint if the monitored output flow is different from the predetermined fluid flow setpoint by at least a predetermined margin. A combined output fluid flow of the operating fluid heat exchange units is also monitored. The bypass valve is at least partially opened if the combined output fluid flow is below a predetermined minimum combined output fluid flow.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an apparatus for delivering activated microorganisms to an environment to be treated. The apparatus has a bioreactor containing microorganisms, a supply of organic and inorganic nutrients and a controller. The controller maintains the conditions of the bioreactor so as to maintain the microorganisms in the exponential phase of growth. Although the apparatus is continuous, the controller also doses a portion of the fluid in the bioreactor to the environment to be treated. The invention also provides a method for the biological treatment of wastes and an organic and inorganic nutrient composition used to feed the microorganisms in the bioreactor.

Abstract: A cooling system is configured to supply individually metered amounts of cooling fluid to heat generating components, e.g., processors, micro-controllers, high speed video cards, disk drives, semi-conductor devices, and the like, of an electronic system. The cooling system includes at least one variable speed fan, e.g., blower, configured to supply fluid through a centralized plenum and thereafter through a plurality of nozzles to the components of the electronic system. Each of the nozzles contains a valve to control the amount of fluid flow through the each of the nozzles. A controller is provided to control the operation of the variable speed fan and the operation of each of the valves is also controlled by a controller.

Abstract: An air-conditioning apparatus regulates at least the temperature of at least one room to a predetermined temperature desired value (TRAUM SOLL) by ventilation with heated or cooled supply air. The air-conditioning apparatus has a supply air motor (15) which feeds the supply air through a supply air channel (10) to the room (1) to be air-conditioned, a cooling and/or heating device (30, 40 33) for the cooling or warming of the supply air, and an exhaust air motor (16) which draws the exhaust air from the room (1) to be air-conditioned through an exhaust air channel (11). The desired value (PAB SOLL) for the regulator of the exhaust air motor (16) forms a room excess pressure established with respect to the outside pressure (PA).

Abstract: A self-contained ventilation apparatus is disclosed for ventilating buildings, e.g., patient rooms such as hospital rooms, waiting rooms, hospital operating rooms, doctors' offices, and clinics, especially rooms contaminated with infectious microorganisms. One or more blowers is provided. When there are two blowers, a first blower is provided for discharging room air to the atmosphere and a second blower is provided for introducing fresh outside air to the room to provide a continuous supply of fresh air to the room which is free of disease organisms. Both streams of air pass through an air-to-air heat exchanger to adjust the temperature of the incoming air to approach that exhausted from the room. When filters are used, both currents of air are preferably filtered, e.g., with a high efficiency particle air (HEPA) filter. Provision is made for automatically maintaining room air pressure at the desired value (typically below that of surrounding rooms) as filters gradually become clogged with dust.

Abstract: A real time remote sensing pressure control system is provided which uses periodically sampled remote sensors to generate a bias signal that modifies the base setpoint of a proportional-integral controller that controls variable speed pumps. This control scheme saves energy by slowing the rotational speed of the variable-speed secondary pumps during periods of light system demand. The system can be provided with more than one zone of system loads (such as chilled or hot water coils) and a remote pressure sensor (gauge or differential) can be provided at each of those zones. In addition, a local pressure sensor (gauge or differential) is provided at the primary and secondary pumps. The process variable signals detected by the remote pressure sensors is communicated by a building automation system or other type of data highway, which inherently delays the real time nature of those sensed signals and only periodically provides an update of those signals.