Abstract: The invention relates to an air bleed system comprising an air bleed port provided on an engine of an aircraft, an air supply pipe, a pressure sensor, a pressure relief valve mounted in said air supply pipe, characterized in that said pressure relief valve comprises: a valve body (11); a closure member (121) pivotally mounted in said air circulation duct; and an air discharge channel (13) passing through said valve body (11); at least one air discharge opening (15) formed on said upstream face of said closure member (121) and at least one air evacuation opening (19) which opens out to the outside of the air circulation duct.

Abstract: A control method for a heat transfer system, wherein the heat transfer system comprises a supply conduit (12), at least one load circuit (2) and a heat transfer device (6; 28) between the supply conduit and the at least one load circuit, wherein a supply flow (qS) in the supply conduit (12) is detected on the basis of a desired entry-side load temperature (Tref), of an actual entry-side load temperature (TL) which is detected in the load circuit (2) and of a load flow (qL) in the load circuit (2), as well to as a heat transfer system, in which such a control method is applied.

Abstract: A refrigeration apparatus has a refrigerant circuit formed by connecting a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, and an evaporator by a refrigerant pipe. The refrigeration apparatus includes a temperature duration time measuring unit, and a target evaporation temperature calculating unit. The temperature duration time measuring unit measures a high-temperature duration time in a thermo-off state, the high-temperature duration time being time during which the temperature of the interior of a to-be-cooled space is higher than a lowering threshold which is set with reference to a target interior temperature. The target evaporation temperature calculating unit updates the target evaporation temperature by decreasing the target evaporation temperature by a set subtraction coefficient, after the high-temperature duration time becomes greater than or equal to an update reference time.

Abstract: The invention discloses a controller for a vapor compression system for cooling a refrigerated space. The system comprises a circuit for circulation of a refrigerant between a compressor, a condenser, and an evaporator. An expansion valve controls a flow of the refrigerant into the evaporator and thereby cooling of the refrigerated space. The control system is adapted to control the expansion valve based on a first temperature in the circuit between the evaporator and the compressor and a second temperature determined in the refrigerated space.

Abstract: A water heater with two non-condensing flues and a condensing flue(s) having a system to prevent condensation in the non-condensing flue(s). The downwardly extending first flue is connected by a 180 degree connector to an upwardly extending second flue. Between the non-condensing and the condensing flues is positioned a temperature sensor. A controller receives input from the temperature sensor and is connected to the burner to control the minimum power setting and duration so as to prevent the combustion gases from falling below a temperature at which water will condense at the temperature sensor so no condensation occurs in the first two flues. Burner power settings are minimized near a water tank setpoint to improve efficiency by increasing condensation.

Abstract: A method is presented for adjusting coolant flow resistance through one or more liquid-cooled electronics racks. Flow restrictors are employed in association with multiple heat exchange tube sections of a heat exchange assembly, or in association with a plurality of coolant supply lines or coolant return lines feeding multiple heat exchange assemblies. Flow restrictors associated with respective heat exchange tube sections (or respective heat exchange assemblies) are disposed at the coolant channel inlet or coolant channel outlet of the tube sections (or of the heat exchange assemblies). These flow restrictors tailor coolant flow resistance through the heat exchange tube sections or through the heat exchange assemblies to enhance overall heat transfer within the tube sections or across heat exchange assemblies by tailoring coolant flow.

Abstract: A multifunctional restrictive valve for controlling the flow of water therethrough. The valve has a main body with a flow channel through the main body. The main body receives water upstream thereof through an inlet port and passes it out through an outlet port at the downstream end of the body. A flow control assembly is located in the flow channel and includes a temperature sensor/actuator acting on a piston to move, when the temperature sensor heats up the piston, to block water flow control ports. The flow control assembly also includes an override feature wherein the piston is located within a slide and the flow control ports are located in the slide. By moving the slide away from the piston when the piston is blocking the flow control ports, the temperature sensor and piston may be overridden and flow may resume through the main body.

Abstract: Heat exchanger systems and methods for controlling airflow cooling are provided. One system includes a bypass pre-cooler having a housing, an inlet configured to receive core engine airflow into the housing from one or more aircraft ducts, a heat exchanger within the housing and a bypass section within the housing having an airflow path separate from the heat exchanger. The bypass pre-cooler also includes a valve coupled to the inlet and configured to switch airflow between the heat exchanger and the bypass section and an outlet coupled to the heat exchanger and the bypass section.

Abstract: A combination fuel-oil and air-oil heat exchanger comprising: a first heat exchanger section that has an oil circulation path and a fuel circulation path thermally coupled to the oil circulation path; a second heat exchanger section that has an oil circulation path and an air circulation path thermally coupled to the oil circulation path; an oil coupling path that couples an oil circulation path outlet of the first heat exchanger section to an oil circulation path inlet of the second heat exchanger section to establish a combined oil circulation path; an oil path by-pass valve that selectively diverts oil from the combined oil circulation path to an outlet of the oil path by-pass valve; and a fuel path by-pass valve that selectively diverts fuel from the fuel circulation path of the first heat exchanger section to an outlet of the fuel path by-pass valve.

Abstract: A cooling method is provided to remove heat generated by one or more electronic systems. The method includes providing a coolant-based cooling apparatus, redundant pumping units, redundant backup blowers, and multiple separate controllers. The cooling apparatus includes one or more heat exchange assemblies discharging heat from coolant of the cooling apparatus, and the redundant pumping units, which are coupled in parallel fluid communication, separately facilitate pumping of the coolant. The redundant backup blowers are disposed to provide, when activated, backup airflow across the electronic system(s). The multiple controllers control operation of the redundant pumping units and redundant backup blowers based, at least in part, on one or more sensed parameters.

Abstract: A method is presented for adjusting coolant flow resistance through one or more liquid-cooled electronics racks. Flow restrictors are employed in association with multiple heat exchange tube sections of a heat exchange assembly, or in association with a plurality of coolant supply lines or coolant return lines feeding multiple heat exchange assemblies. Flow restrictors associated with respective heat exchange tube sections (or respective heat exchange assemblies) are disposed at the coolant channel inlet or coolant channel outlet of the tube sections (or of the heat exchange assemblies). These flow restrictors tailor coolant flow resistance through the heat exchange tube sections or through the heat exchange assemblies to enhance overall heat transfer within the tube sections or across heat exchange assemblies by tailoring coolant flow.

Abstract: A constant-flow control valve and BTU meter assembly that has a pressure independent, constant-flow control valve assembly connectable to the fluid-based heating or cooling system. A valve stem is connected to a valve member and is rotatable as a unit relative to a valve body to change the position of valve member to change a fluid flow rate through the valve. The valve member's position relative to the fluid path is directly related to the fluid flow rate. A BTU meter assembly is connected to the valve stem, which is rotatable relative to the BTU meter assembly. A position sensor of the BTU meter assembly detects a rotational position of the valve stem relative to the BTU body. A controller of the BTU meter assembly determines the fluid flow rate based upon the pressure drop across the valve assembly and the rotational position of the valve stem.

Abstract: A method operates a heat exchanger unit and determines a current physical characteristic of a process fluid at or adjacent a process fluid outlet of the heat exchanger unit and predetermining a desired physical characteristic of the process fluid at which the process fluid is desired to exit the heat exchanger unit. If the current physical characteristic of the process fluid is greater than the desired physical characteristic of the process fluid, then either a current fan speed is incrementally increased or the current fan speed is set at a predetermined low set point fan speed. Alternatively, if the current physical characteristic of the process fluid is less than the desired physical characteristic of the process fluid, then either the current fan speed is incrementally decreased or the current fan speed is set at a predetermined high set point fan speed or an OFF operating mode is activated.

Abstract: An energy-efficient hot water supply apparatus comprises a control assembly and a controller. The control assembly is disposed between an external energy supply source and a heating apparatus, so as to control turning on/off of energy supply of the energy supply source to the heating apparatus. At least one activation switch is disposed on the controller. The activation switch can operate the control assembly to cut off the entry of the energy of the energy supply source to the heating apparatus and keeps a fixed off duration.

Abstract: A data center cooling system includes a plurality of cooling units positioned adjacent a warm air plenum that is in airflow communication with a plurality of electronic devices supported in a plurality of racks. Each of the cooling units includes a heat exchanger arranged to cool warmed air circulated into the warm air plenum from a human-occupiable workspace adjacent the plurality of racks opposite the plurality of cooling units, and a fan arranged to circulate the warmed air from the warm air plenum through the heat exchanger and to the human-occupiable workspace. The cooling system includes a control system electrically coupled to the fan and configured to modulate a fan speed of the fan of each cooling unit to induce a pressure gradient in the warm air plenum.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for providing heat that includes preheating an incoming air flow from outside an apparatus in a first channel of a heat exchanger by a flow in a second channel of the heat exchanger, transferring the flow from the second channel outside the apparatus through an exhaust channel, providing heat by the preheated incoming air flow in a heat pump, and transferring in a transfer channel a flue gas flow provided by a burner to the second channel.

Abstract: The temperature control system of the present invention is a temperature control system for recovering reaction heat inside a reactor in which an exothermic reaction takes place, thereby controlling a temperature inside the reactor. The temperature control system is provided with a coolant drum in which a liquid coolant is accommodated in a vapor-liquid equilibrium state, a heat removing unit which is disposed on the reactor to internally circulate the liquid coolant supplied from the coolant drum, a temperature determining unit which determines a temperature inside the reactor, and a pressure controller which controls pressure inside the coolant drum. The pressure controller controls the pressure inside the coolant drum based on a difference between an actual temperature inside the reactor determined by the temperature determining unit and a preset temperature value inside the reactor, thereby controlling the temperature of the liquid coolant inside the coolant drum.

Abstract: A method for climate control in buildings 1, having a ventilation system 2 with at least a control and regulation unit 6 and an air-guide unit, wherein the ventilation system 2 generates, by means of a separate building opening 10, at least one regulated inflow stream 4 which flows into the building 1 and/or at least one regulated outflow stream 5 which flows out of the building. The insulation and structure of the building 1 should be kept free of condensate. To this end, provision is made for at least one current value for a temperature Ti and/or a corresponding absolute internal atmospheric moisture level ?il and/or a relative atmospheric moisture level ?i or a partial steam pressure Wi in the interior of the building 1 and at least one current value for a temperature Ta and/or a corresponding absolute external atmospheric moisture level ?al and/or a relative atmospheric moisture level ?a or a partial steam pressure Wa outside the building 1 to be ascertained.

Abstract: A method is presented for adjusting coolant flow resistance through one or more liquid-cooled electronics racks. Flow restrictors are employed in association with multiple heat exchange tube sections of a heat exchange assembly, or in association with a plurality of coolant supply lines or coolant return lines feeding multiple heat exchange assemblies. Flow restrictors associated with respective heat exchange tube sections (or respective heat exchange assemblies) are disposed at the coolant channel inlet or coolant channel outlet of the tube sections (or of the heat exchange assemblies). These flow restrictors tailor coolant flow resistance through the heat exchange tube sections or through the heat exchange assemblies to enhance overall heat transfer within the tube sections or across heat exchange assemblies by tailoring coolant flow.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for cooling a liquid has an inlet and an outlet for a liquid to be cooled. A bypass is provided that bypasses the heat exchanger. A valve controls flow of liquid into the heat exchanger or into the bypass. The valve has a valve seat, a valve cone, and at least one spring made of a shape memory material. The at least one spring counteracts a liquid pressure existing in the inlet.

Abstract: A system, methods, and user-friendly program product to optimize energy recovery for a process or cluster of processes under all possible combinations of given process changes and stream-specific minimum temperature approach values without enumeration, are provided. The systems, methods, and program product can include steps/operations to identify an optimal set of discrete target temperature values for the process streams for a given heat exchanger network design, to identify which target temperature values of the various process streams have the most significant economic impact on the process or cluster of processes, and to identify process stream supply attribute ranges of variations, e.g., in the form of a criticality list for the plurality of process streams, e.g., resulting from disturbances and/or uncertainty, which have a highly significant or otherwise critical effect on streams target temperature.

Abstract: A device for temperature control in an aircraft cabin includes a first supply control arrangement and a first pressure control arrangement. The first supply control arrangement includes an air duct and a valve arrangement that controls a supply of heated air delivered to a first temperature area of the aircraft cabin such that a first specified temperature for the first temperature zone is achieved. When the valve arrangement fails, the first pressure control arrangement operates to control a pressure of heated air supplied into the first temperature area such that the first specified temperature for the first temperature zone is achieved.

Abstract: An air conditioner system including an indoor unit and an outdoor unit. The outdoor unit includes a condenser, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, and a controller. The controller detects a fault with at least one of the temperature sensor or the pressure sensor and adjusts a speed of the condensing fan according to the pressure identified by the pressure sensor when the pressure sensor is operating normally. The controller adjusts the speed of the condensing fan according to the sensed temperature sensor when the pressure experiences a fault and the temperature sensor is operating normally. The controller controls the speed of the condensing fan according to default values when both the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor experience a fault.

Abstract: A method operates a heat exchanger unit and determines a current physical characteristic of a process fluid at or adjacent a process fluid outlet of the heat exchanger unit and predetermining a desired physical characteristic of the process fluid at which the process fluid is desired to exit the heat exchanger unit. If the current physical characteristic of the process fluid is greater than the desired physical characteristic of the process fluid, then either a current fan speed is incrementally increased or the current fan speed is set at a predetermined low set point fan speed. Alternatively, if the current physical characteristic of the process fluid is less than the desired physical characteristic of the process fluid, then either the current fan speed is incrementally decreased or the current fan speed is set at a predetermined high set point fan speed or an OFF operating mode is activated.

Abstract: Systems and methods for transporting a hydrocarbon are provided. The method can include introducing a fluid at a first pressure and a first temperature to an inlet of a pump and pressurizing the fluid within the pump to produce a pressurized fluid having a second pressure and a second temperature. The method can also include flowing at least a portion of the pressurized fluid through a first heat exchanger and back to the inlet of the pump. The heat exchanger can include a coil having an inlet and an outlet and a housing at least partially enclosing the coil and having a first opening and a second opening. A first end of the coil can be disposed proximate the first opening. The heat exchanger can also include a foundation for supporting the coil and the housing.

Abstract: Systems and program product for managing/assessing heat exchanger network energy efficiency and retrofit for an industrial facility, are provided. An embodiment of a system can include a heat exchanger network analysis and design computer and heat exchange network analysis and design program product configured to cause the heat exchange network analysis and design computer to perform various operations including those for determining an optimal heat exchanger network retrofit projects sequence extending between a current heat exchanger network retrofit project satisfying a current desired waste energy recovery goal and a future heat exchanger network retrofit project satisfying the final waste energy recovery goal. The heat exchanger network retrofit projects sequence can be configured so that each subsequent project within the heat exchanger network retrofit projects sequence does not contradict any of the previous projects within the heat exchanger network retrofit projects sequence.

Abstract: Methods for managing/assessing heat exchanger network energy efficiency and retrofit for an industrial facility, are provided. An embodiment of a method can include the performance of perform various steps/operations including those for determining an optimal heat exchanger network retrofit projects sequence extending between a current heat exchanger network retrofit project satisfying a current desired waste energy recovery goal and a future heat exchanger network retrofit project satisfying the final waste energy recovery goal. The heat exchanger network retrofit projects sequence can be configured so that each subsequent project within the heat exchanger network retrofit projects sequence does not contradict any of the previous projects within the heat exchanger network retrofit projects sequence.

Abstract: A system for cooling rack mounted equipment includes: a rack configured to house rack mounted equipment, the rack providing a front port bordered by a top and two sides; and a cold-air duct separable from and attached to the rack about the top and two sides, the duct being configured to be in fluid communication with a region adjacent to the duct to receive air from the region, the duct includes: a front member; side members coupled to the front member; and an end member configured to selectively allow the passage of air through the end component from the region into the duct; where the duct is attached to the rack to form a substantially airtight seal between the rack and the duct.

Abstract: A system for thermal management of electronic equipment. The system can include a cabinet forming an enclosure for the electronic equipment, wherein the cabinet has an inlet and an outlet. Additionally, the system can include a supply channel connected with the cabinet inlet, wherein the cabinet is positioned on a floor and the supply channel is under the floor; an exhaust channel, wherein at least a portion of the exhaust channel is in proximity to the cabinet outlet. Furthermore, the system can include a plurality of flexible barriers forming a thermal curtain for directing air exiting the outlet of the cabinet to the exhaust channel, and wherein a position of the barriers is adjustable.

Abstract: A liquid filter heat exchanger unit has a heat exchanger having an inlet through which a liquid is supplied to the heat exchanger and a drain through which the liquid exits after having passed through the heat exchanger. The unit also has a liquid filter with a filter housing and a filter element exchangeably arranged in a receiving chamber, wherein the liquid is supplied through the drain of the heat exchanger to an unfiltered side of the filter element. A bypass connects an inlet passage for supplying the liquid to be filtered to the receiving chamber in the filter housing. A switching member opens and closes the bypass. The switching member is formed by the filter element such that the bypass is closed when the filter element is inserted in the filter housing and is opened when the filter element is removed from the filter housing.

Abstract: Cooling apparatus providing two independent heat exchangers (18, 20) serially arranged with respect to a heat flow (42), each heat exchanger being connected to a respective independent chiller (32, 34). The apparatus incorporates an element of redundancy in order to effect an increase in operational efficiency, by being switchable between a first operation mode in which both chillers operate in a free cooling mode and a second operation mode in which a first chiller operates in a free cooling mode and a second chiller operates in a forced cooling mode.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and program product to synthesize a grass-roots heat exchanger network for a plurality of hot process streams to be cooled and a plurality of cold process streams to be heated according to a plurality of utilities targets, are provided. An exemplary system includes a heat exchange network synthesizing computer and heat exchange network synthesizing program product configured to analyze the waste heat recovery problem without decomposition to produce a result having an optimal number of network heat exchanger units through application of advanced process-to-process matching schemes for both non-constrained and non-thermodynamically constrained problems.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for selectively reducing the flow of a coolant are provided herein. In some embodiments, an apparatus for reducing the flow of a coolant may include a processing system comprising a process chamber; an abatement system coupled to the process chamber; a coolant source coupled to the process chamber and the abatement system for providing a coolant to the process chamber and the abatement system; and a controller configured to determine the readiness of the process chamber and the abatement system for operation in an idle mode and selectively reducing the flow of the coolant from the coolant source to one or both of the process chamber or the abatement system based on the readiness determination.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for heating and cooling portions of a fluid are provided. The method may include flowing a stream of a fluid through a first coil of a heat exchanger, separating a liquid component from the stream of the fluid, flowing the liquid component through a second coil of the heat exchanger, and flowing the stream of the fluid leaving the first coil over the first coil and the second coil, thereby cooling the stream of fluid flowing through the first coil and heating the liquid component flowing through the second coil. The apparatus may include a housing, a heat exchanger disposed within the housing, a separation chamber disposed within the housing and operable to separate a liquid component of the fluid, and a control system in fluid communication with the separation chamber and the heat exchanger, wherein the control system is operable to direct the liquid component from the separation chamber to the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A control system for providing thermal management of electronic equipment housed in a cabinet enclosure. The system can include a plurality of sensors in proximity to the cabinet enclosure for monitoring a temperature, a pressure and a humidity associated with the electronic equipment; and a controller in communication with the sensors for receiving data from the sensors, where the controller adjusts the temperature, the pressure and the humidity associated with the electronic equipment.

Abstract: A water heating system for controlling the heating of potable water in commercial or private dwellings with improved energy efficiency. The water heating system heats potable water in a tank by transferring excess heat generated in a refrigeration unit with a heat exchanger, and by extracting energy from insolation with a solar water heater unit. The system includes several control systems for regulating the operation of the heat exchanger, solar water heater unit, and refrigeration unit to provide increased energy efficiency and longevity to the various components of the system.

Abstract: A vehicle heat exchanger includes a first end tank, a second end tank opposite the first end tank, and a main core between and connecting the first and second end tanks. The main core includes a heat exchanger element including a plurality of tubes in fluid communication with the first and second end tanks. At least two control elements are operatively positioned in one or more housings that are operatively connected to the vehicle heat exchanger.

Abstract: Apparatus for disinfecting fluid. The apparatus includes a disinfection tank including a heat exchanger extending from an inlet to an outlet for heating preheated fluid to a second temperature to thereby disinfect the fluid. A preheat heat exchanger is provided for heating the fluid to a first temperature using heat recovered from disinfected fluid provided at the outlet and a control system, including one or more sensors for monitoring operation of the apparatus, is used for determining if signals from the sensors fall outside predetermined operating ranges and either generating an indication of a fault or stopping operation of the apparatus.

Abstract: A heat dissipation system used in an electronic device includes a plurality of fans positioned in the electronic device, a sensing module, and a processing module. The sensing module is configured for detecting temperature, relative humidity, and air pressure of airflow flowing in the electronic device. The processing module is configured for adjusting a voltage applied to each of the plurality of fans according to the detected temperature, relative humidity, and air pressure of the airflow.

Abstract: A temperature control apparatus that controls a temperature of a target object by a heat exchange between a temperature control liquid and the target object. The apparatus includes a pressurizing unit that pressurizes the temperature control liquid to increase a boiling point thereof; a heating unit that increases a temperature of the temperature control liquid to become higher than or equal to a boiling point of the temperature control liquid observed at a normal pressure; and a heat exchanging unit that exchanges heat between the target object and the temperature control liquid whose temperature has been increased to become higher than or equal to the boiling point of the temperature control liquid observed at the normal pressure.

Abstract: A liquid filter/heat exchanger unit including a liquid filter and a heat exchanger, the liquid filter having a filter element in a filter housing. To bypass the heat exchanger, there is a bypass connecting the heat exchanger inlet directly to the unfiltered side of the filter element. A switching element is provided to control the liquid flow into the heat exchanger or into the bypass. The switching element is a bimetal element which is in a position directing the liquid flow into the bypass at a temperature below a switching temperature.

Abstract: A heat transfer apparatus includes one heat exchanging system having a compressor coupled between a condenser and a heat exchanger. A further heat exchanging system includes a water pump, an ion exchange filter coupled between the water pump and the heat exchanger, to filter negative ions, positive ions, mineral materials, and/or impurities from the water. A temperature detecting member may actuate a heater to maintain the water temperature. A water cycling system includes a water reservoir to maintain the water pressure in the further heat exchanging system. An air relief valve may relieve air bubbles to reduce shocks and vibrations in the heat exchanging system.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cooling system of fuel cell, which solves the gas biting noise problem by trapping bubble in a coolant, gives protection to a stack (MEA) and the membrane of a humidifier by regulating the coolant pressure of fuel cell and improves the life of a ion exchanger by preventing foreign materials (carbonate ion etc.) from dissolving into the coolant.

Abstract: The invention refers to a plate heat exchanger, which includes a sensor device and a plate package of heat transfer plates (1). The heat transfer plates form between the plates (1) first passages (3) for a first fluid and second passages (4) for a second fluid. The sensor device includes a space (21), which is closed to the first passages (3) and the second passages (4). The closed space (21) is arranged to contain a medium, which can be influenced by the temperature of at least one of said fluids, and to be connectable to means (14) for sensing a pressure change of said medium in the closed space (21). The closed space (21) is at least partly defined by at least one of said plates (1).

Abstract: A fluid delivery system, for e.g. a vehicle, includes a tank for holding fluid product, such as propane, a pump for pumping the fluid product from the tank, the pump being driven by hydraulic fluid, and a heat exchanger for using the fluid product to cool the hydraulic fluid. The heat exchanger also causes the fluid product to increase in temperature. The heated fluid product is returned to the tank, in the form of a vapor, for example. Embodiments of the invention provide a number of advantages, including increased pump flow rates, reduced cavitation, increased pump life, and elimination of a heat-exchanger fan.

Abstract: The invention recites a multi-zone temperature control system operable to control the temperature within a plurality of compartments. The system includes a scroll compressor operable at a speed to compress a flow of fluid and a condenser, operable to cool the flow of fluid. The system also includes a plurality of heat exchangers. Each heat exchanger is associated with one of the plurality of compartments and is operable to maintain the temperature of the compartment within a desired range. A plurality of valves are operable to direct and vary the amount of the flow of fluid from the compressor to the condenser and the plurality of heat exchangers. The valves are configurable to allow each of the heat exchangers to heat or cool their associated compartment. The system also includes a controller operable to control the valves to maintain the temperature of each compartment within its desired range.

Abstract: A control system and method for operating a cooling fan in a coolant system of fuel cell power plant having a high temperature coolant loop and a low temperature coolant loop. The fan controller generates a fan control signal based on a first control signal from the high temperature coolant loop and a second control signal from the low temperature coolant loop. The first control signal is a function of the waste heat energy in the high temperature coolant loop, and the second control signal is a function of the temperature in the low temperature coolant loop. The fan control signal may also be generated based on a third control signal which is a function of a localized ambient temperature such as the under hood temperature of a vehicle. The control system allows operation of a single coolant fan assembly based on a plurality of independent control signals associated with various coolant subsystems in the fuel cell power plant.

Abstract: A system for measuring a thermal property of a garment includes a mannequin having a form similar to at least a portion of a mammalian body and adapted to wear the garment. Fluid is circulatable through at least a portion of the mannequin. An outer surface temperature sensor is affixed to the mannequin, and a fluid pressure regulator and temperature controller are located exterior of the mannequin. A meter monitors the energy usage of the controller, which is indicative of the thermal property of the garment. Environmental conditions are controllable, including variable wind speeds and induced mannequin motion.

Abstract: A system for measuring a thermal property of a garment includes a mannequin having a form similar to at least a portion of a mammalian body and adapted to wear the garment. Fluid is circulatable through at least a portion of the mannequin. An outer surface temperature sensor is affixed to the mannequin, and a fluid pressure regulator and temperature controller are located exterior of the mannequin. A meter monitors the energy usage of the controller, which is indicative of the thermal property of the garment. Environmental conditions are controllable, including variable wind speeds and induced mannequin motion.

Abstract: A method of cleaning tubing in an operating heater, in which the tubing has an inlet and an outlet. While the heater is in operation, a pig is run through the tubing from the inlet to the outlet and then returned to the inlet along return tubing, in parallel connection to the heater tubing. A combined pig launcher and receiver mounted parallel to the tubing, and controlled with three way full port valves, is used to launch pigs into the tubing and remove them from the tubing. A boost pump is used to force pigs back from outlet to inlet.