Abstract: Various examples include a device for increasing the heat yield of a heat source comprising: a heat sink; a heat pump with a condenser and an evaporator; and the heat source. The heat sink includes a heat sink feed and a heat sink return providing thermal coupling to the heat source with a heat exchanger. The heat source includes a heat source feed and a heat source return for thermal coupling to the heat sink with the heat exchanger. The condenser of the heat pump is thermally coupled to the heat sink feed to dissipate heat to the heat sink. The evaporator of the heat pump is thermally coupled to the heat source return downstream of the heat exchanger to absorb heat.

Abstract: A refrigeration system is provided including a refrigeration circuit and a free cooling system. The free cooling system includes a fluid cooling circuit and a free cooling circuit. The fluid cooling circuit is thermally and hydraulically coupled to the refrigeration circuit such that that a cooling fluid of the fluid cooling circuit is configured to transfer heat to the refrigerant. The free cooling circuit is thermally and hydraulically coupled to the refrigeration circuit such that a free cooling fluid of the free cooling circuit is configured to absorb heat from the refrigerant. The free cooling circuit and the fluid cooling circuit are thermally and hydraulically coupled through a free cooling heat exchanger. At least one valve is configured to control a flow within the free cooling circuit. The refrigeration system is operable in a free cooling mode, a mechanical cooling mode, and a combined free cooling and mechanical cooling mode.

Abstract: Disclosed is a technology based upon the nesting of tubes to provide chemical reactors or chemical reactors with built in heat exchanger. As a chemical reactor, the technology provides the ability to manage the temperature within a process flow for improved performance, control the location of reactions for corrosion control, or implement multiple process steps within the same piece of equipment. As a chemical reactor with built in heat exchanger, the technology can provide large surface areas per unit volume and large heat transfer coefficients. The technology can recover the thermal energy from the product flow to heat the reactant flow to the reactant temperature, significantly reducing the energy needs for accomplishment of a process.

Abstract: A heat transport device (1A) is provided with: a circulation path unit (10) in which a heat recovery unit (11) that vaporizing a heat transport medium and a condensation unit (12) that condenses the heat transport medium vaporized in the heat recovery unit (11) are incorporated, and which has a vacuum state; a branch path unit (20) which branches from the circulation path unit (10), and in which a valve (22) capable of controlling flow is incorporated; and an ECU (40A) which implements a first control unit and is configured to, when it is recognized that there is an increase in the pressure within the circulation path unit (10) under the same operating condition, open and close the valve (22) in the state in which the pressure within the circulation path unit (10) is higher than a predetermined pressure (?).

Abstract: In a coolant supply device that supplies a coolant for washing chips into a machine tool, an opening/closing valve that is opened or closed by the pressure of the coolant is provided in the course of a pipe line supplying the coolant ejected from a coolant ejection pump into the machine tool. Meanwhile, an ON/OFF control is performed so that the coolant ejection pump is turned off when a first time elapses after the coolant ejection pump is turned on and the coolant ejection pump is turned on when a second time elapses after the coolant ejection pump is turned off.

Abstract: A method that controls pressure within an immersion cooling tank having condensation fluid flowing through a condenser, includes: a controller receiving a signal that indicates a current level of vapor pressure within the tank; determining from the signal when the current level of vapor pressure exceeds or is below a first preset threshold pressure level; and in response to the current level of vapor pressure exceeding or being below the first preset threshold pressure level, signaling a flow control mechanism that modulates a flow rate of the condensation fluid through the condenser to increase or decrease the rate of flow from a current rate of flow. The controller receives the signal by a pressure sensor within the immersion cooling tank detecting the current vapor pressure, generating the signal and forwarding the signal to the controller. The pressure sensor can be a differential pressure transducer that measures a differential pressure internal to and outside of the immersion tank.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for maintaining a steady flow rate and pressure of a carbon dioxide stream at high pressure when a low-pressure source of the carbon dioxide varies with time. Liquid level in an accumulator that is sized to accommodate variations in supply rate is controlled by sub-cooling of liquid entering the accumulator and heating in the accumulator, the sub-cooling and heating being controlled by a pressure controller operable in the accumulator.

Abstract: The purpose of the invention is to provide a coolant supply device and supply method that can appropriately control the spraying of coolant using a single parameter. To that end, the invention is provided with a pump (101) that supplies coolant to a tool (D), a measurement device (22) that measures the discharge pressure of the pump (101), and a control device (50). The control device (50) has a function for determining, from the rotation rate of the pump (101), the coolant flow path diameter for the tool (D) and the target value for the pump discharge pressure (target pressure) when the tool (D) is drilling.

Abstract: A coolant system for machine tools, includes a pump (12) for the coolant, at least one consumer (10), a pressure sensor (24) for detecting an actual pressure (Pi) in the coolant system, a feedback control device (22) acting upon the pump (12) for regulating the pressure in the coolant system to a target pressure (Ps), and a limiting valve (26) for limiting the pressure of the coolant supplied to the consumer, wherein in that the opening pressure (Plim) of the limiting valve (26) is variable and the feedback control device (22) is adapted to adjust the opening pressure in accordance with the target pressure (Ps) such that it is always a certain amount larger than the target pressure.

Abstract: A direct exchange heating/cooling system includes a specially designed supplemental air-source heat exchanger (also referred to herein as a High Level Heat Dissipater (“HLHD”). The HLHD is coupled to the primary vapor/hot gas line exiting the system's compressor at a point between the compressor unit and the sub-surface geothermal heat exchange tubing, and is operable only in the cooling mode of system operation. The HLHD includes heat exchange tubing that is sheltered from rain/moisture and has supply and discharge refrigerant transport tubing with relatively equally sized interior diameters, designed solely for mostly vapor (as opposed to liquid) refrigerant transport. The HLHD incorporates at least two check valves, or the like, so as to force hot compressor discharge gas through the HLHD in the cooling mode, and so as to prohibit geothermally warmed refrigerant gas flow through the HLHD in the heating mode. The HLHD has specially designed heat exchangers and may optionally include a fan.

Abstract: An air cooled condenser (ACC) system is described having a first street having at least one air cooled condenser module and a second street having at least one air cooled condenser module. The system employs a steam inlet conduit provides steam to the first and second streets. The air cooled condenser system has a standard vacuum system for providing suction pressure to the first and second street. The air cooled condenser system also has an auxiliary vacuum system that provides suction pressure to the first and second streets.

Abstract: Disclosed are an air cooled condenser capable of preventing air from being mixed into a working medium flow path, and a power generating apparatus including the air cooled condenser. The air cooled condenser includes a heat exchanger for air-cooling a working medium indirectly through a wall, a fan, a sensor for measuring a pressure value of the working medium at an outlet of the heat exchanger, and a controller for controlling the rotating speed of the fan such that the pressure value obtained by the sensor comes closer to a target value set to be equal to or larger than an atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: A constant-flow control valve and BTU meter assembly that has a pressure independent, constant-flow control valve assembly connectable to the fluid-based heating or cooling system. A valve stem is connected to a valve member and is rotatable as a unit relative to a valve body to change the position of valve member to change a fluid flow rate through the valve. The valve member's position relative to the fluid path is directly related to the fluid flow rate. A BTU meter assembly is connected to the valve stem, which is rotatable relative to the BTU meter assembly. A position sensor of the BTU meter assembly detects a rotational position of the valve stem relative to the BTU body. A controller of the BTU meter assembly determines the fluid flow rate based upon the pressure drop across the valve assembly and the rotational position of the valve stem.

Abstract: A cooling arrangement for cooling weld caps of a welding device includes a local cooling pipe having a feed portion through which coolant can flow to the weld caps, and a return portion through which coolant can flow away from the weld caps. The cooling arrangement has at least one sensor and at least one actuator arranged at the cooling pipe. A check device is connected to the sensor and the actuator. The check device is arranged in an immediate vicinity of the sensor and/or the actuator and/or the local cooling pipe, and is adapted to receive measured values of the sensor and to check, based on pre-established criteria, whether the measured values are within a predefined desired range. In response to a negative check result, the check device can drive the actuator in a predetermined manner such that the cooling arrangement is placed in a safe condition.

Abstract: A system includes a fuel source for providing a fuel, a first expansion valve formed in a first fuel line connected to the fuel source, for expanding the fuel, and a heat transfer device for delivering a heat transfer medium to the first expansion valve such that the heat transfer medium is cooled by contacting the first expansion valve. Another system includes a fuel source for providing a fuel, a first expansion valve formed in a first fuel line connected to the fuel source, for expanding the fuel, a heat exchanger connected via the first fuel line to the expansion valve, the heat exchanger being cooled by the expanded fuel, and a fan for blowing air over the heat exchanger such that the air is cooled by contacting the heat exchanger. Another system includes pneumatic or hydraulic operated system devices.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus are provided for cooling a heat source using a refrigerant flow in a heat exchanger. According to some embodiments, a flow property of the refrigerant as it flows through a heat exchanger is measured and based on the measurement a flow distribution rate for the flow of the refrigerant in the heat exchanger is determined. A valve is operated for adjusting the flow rate of the refrigerant in the heat exchanger according to the determined flow distribution rate.

Abstract: This invention relates to a mixing device for an aircraft air conditioning system with a supply conduit for fresh air from the air conditioning system, with a second supply conduit for recirculated air from a pressurized region of the aircraft, and with a discharge conduit for supplying mixed air into the pressurized region of the aircraft, wherein a non-return valve is integrated in the mixer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid cooling system and a method for preventing leakage thereof. The liquid cooling system comprises: an enclosed cooling liquid circulating assembly with cooling liquid flowing circularly and air above the cooling liquid provided therein; a vacuum pump leading to the air in the enclosed cooling liquid circulating assembly; and a vacuum gauge for measurement of a pressure of the air in the enclosed cooling liquid circulating assembly, wherein the vacuum pump is turned on when the measured pressure is higher than a predetermined pressure, and the vacuum pump is turned off when the measured pressure is not more than the predetermined pressure; wherein the predetermined pressure is set to ensure that the pressure of the cooling liquid is not higher than the atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: Heat exchanger systems and methods for controlling airflow cooling are provided. One system includes a bypass pre-cooler having a housing, an inlet configured to receive core engine airflow into the housing from one or more aircraft ducts, a heat exchanger within the housing and a bypass section within the housing having an airflow path separate from the heat exchanger. The bypass pre-cooler also includes a valve coupled to the inlet and configured to switch airflow between the heat exchanger and the bypass section and an outlet coupled to the heat exchanger and the bypass section.

Abstract: A method operates a heat exchanger unit and determines a current physical characteristic of a process fluid at or adjacent a process fluid outlet of the heat exchanger unit and predetermining a desired physical characteristic of the process fluid at which the process fluid is desired to exit the heat exchanger unit. If the current physical characteristic of the process fluid is greater than the desired physical characteristic of the process fluid, then either a current fan speed is incrementally increased or the current fan speed is set at a predetermined low set point fan speed. Alternatively, if the current physical characteristic of the process fluid is less than the desired physical characteristic of the process fluid, then either the current fan speed is incrementally decreased or the current fan speed is set at a predetermined high set point fan speed or an OFF operating mode is activated.

Abstract: A data center cooling system includes a plurality of cooling units positioned adjacent a warm air plenum that is in airflow communication with a plurality of electronic devices supported in a plurality of racks. Each of the cooling units includes a heat exchanger arranged to cool warmed air circulated into the warm air plenum from a human-occupiable workspace adjacent the plurality of racks opposite the plurality of cooling units, and a fan arranged to circulate the warmed air from the warm air plenum through the heat exchanger and to the human-occupiable workspace. The cooling system includes a control system electrically coupled to the fan and configured to modulate a fan speed of the fan of each cooling unit to induce a pressure gradient in the warm air plenum.

Abstract: A construction machine includes a condenser 24 for cooling refrigerant for an air conditioner; a fan 21 for cooling the condenser 24 by using forward cooling air produced during normal-rotation drive; other cooled objects such as a radiator 25 and the like disposed under the lee of the forward cooling air with respect to the condenser 24; a refrigerant pressure detector 27 for detecting the pressure of the refrigerant flowing in the condenser 24; and a controller 136 for executing reverse-rotation stop processing for returning the fan 21 to the normal-rotation drive when the pressure P of the air conditioner refrigerant detected by the refrigerant pressure detector 27 reaches a preset normal-rotation return pressure P1 during reverse-rotation drive of the fan 21. Thus, the lowering of the cooling effect of an air conditioner can be suppressed while reducing the burden of cleaning an engine room.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus for cooling particulates are provided. The method can include introducing particulates to a heat exchanger containing a tube bundle having a plurality of tubulars, introducing a coolant to the plurality of tubulars through a coolant inlet, flowing the particulates through the shell side of the heat exchanger, and contacting at least a portion of the particulates with the tube bundle. The method can also include recovering a heated coolant from the coolant outlet and recovering cooled particulates from the particulate outlet. The heat exchanger can include a vessel having an elongated shell having a first end, a second end, one or more sidewalls, a shell side particulate inlet disposed in the one or more sidewalls for receiving particulates, a shell side particulate outlet disposed adjacent the second end for discharging cooled particulates, and a tube bundle including a plurality of tubulars disposed within the vessel.

Abstract: A temperature conditioning device has a connection tube assembly, a heat exchange unit, a system controller, and a wrap assembly connected to the connection tube assembly. The wrap assembly has a water bag, an air bag and a sleeve wrapped around the air bag and the water bag. The system controller has a water pump for drawing liquid from the heat exchange unit to the water bag to cool or warm a body part of a user, and a pneumatic pump for inflating the air bag to provide holding force. The temperature conditioning device forms a water cycle between the heat exchange unit and the water bag so the water bag is able to keep a cool or warm temperature to comfort a user continuously.

Abstract: An apparatus for preheating hydraulic oil which is located at low temperatures in at least one air-cooled hydraulic oil cooler, wherein at least one hydraulic oil cooler is arranged outside an engine compartment, in particular of a large hydraulic excavator, characterized in that the oil, in particular hot oil, coming from a tank is fed to the inlet box of the hydraulic oil cooler and is passed on via connecting lines and an interposed pressure relief valve or a non-return valve to the outlet box of at least one hydraulic oil cooler, wherein the outlet box and the cold oil located therein can be heated and fed to the tank.

Abstract: A whole house ventilation control system is disclosed for a house HVAC system including a thermostat, supply and return air plenums and an HVAC fan. The thermostat selectively controls the HVAC system to maintain the desired temperature and resulting in a variable operating cycle period between successive on times. A fresh air intake duct is between an exterior intake vent and the return air plenum. A stale air exhaust duct is between the return air plenum and an exterior exhaust vent. The control system comprises a controllable intake damper in the fresh air intake duct and a controllable exhaust damper in the stale air exhaust duct. A controller is operatively connected to the house HVAC fan and the controllable dampers. The controller stores a desired fresh air exchange rate and is further adapted to predict an upcoming cycle period for a next successive operating cycle and calculating a fresh air vent timer responsive to the desired fresh air exchange rate and the predicted upcoming cycle period.

Abstract: A low pressure system for cooling a ram bushing is provided. The low pressure system includes at least one check valve disposed on a T-coupling downstream of the low pressure pump. The check valve allows for the pressure to be maintained in the cooling system, but also allows pressure to be relieved in the event of an over pressure condition.

Abstract: A cooling apparatus and method are provided. The cooling apparatus includes a coolant-cooled heat exchanger for facilitating dissipation of heat generated within an electronics rack, and a coolant control apparatus. The coolant control apparatus includes at least one coolant recirculation conduit coupled in fluid communication between a facility coolant supply and return, wherein the facility coolant supply and return facilitate providing facility coolant to the heat exchanger. The control apparatus further includes a coolant pump(s) associated with the recirculation conduit(s) and a controller which monitors a temperature of facility coolant supplied to the heat exchanger, and redirects facility coolant, via the coolant recirculation conduit(s) and coolant pump(s), from the facility coolant return to the facility coolant supply to, at least in part, ensure that facility coolant supplied to the heat exchanger remains above a dew point temperature.

Abstract: A fluid flow regulator of the present invention comprises in combination a stationary hollow duct housing having a first end and a second end through which fluid flows. The device also incorporates a movable member aligned concentric with the duct having an end essentially similarly shaped and sized to the first end of the housing. The member may be spaced apart from the duct so that fluid can enter the duct housing through an opening defined by the space between the end of the member and the first end of the duct, with the movement of the member serving to change the size of opening. The movement of the member is controlled by the movement of a float located within the duct.

Abstract: A method is provided for dissipating heat from a rack. The method includes: disposing a coolant-cooled heat exchanger within the rack, and providing a coolant control apparatus. The coolant control apparatus includes at least one coolant recirculation conduit coupled in fluid communication between a facility coolant supply and return, wherein the facility coolant supply and return facilitate providing facility coolant to the heat exchanger. The control apparatus further includes a coolant pump(s) associated with the recirculation conduit(s) and a controller which monitors a temperature of facility coolant supplied to the heat exchanger, and redirects facility coolant, via the coolant recirculation conduit(s) and coolant pump(s), from the facility coolant return to the facility coolant supply to, at least in part, ensure that facility coolant supplied to the heat exchanger remains above a dew point temperature.

Abstract: A method for removing insoluble contaminants from a heat exchange system is disclosed. The method may be a single-pass system or a system incorporating a plurality of apparatuses in parallel. The method measures the pressure drop across a filter and purges contaminants based on the measured pressure drop. The method is particularly applicable to detecting and removing bitumen from a heat exchange system.

Abstract: A vapor pressure regulation system includes a vessel including a vessel wall that defines an enclosure, and a temperature adjustment mechanism coupled to the vessel. A heat transfer between the temperature adjustment mechanism and the vessel is adjusted based on at least a vapor pressure within the vessel to facilitate regulating the vapor pressure within the vessel.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for purging gases released from a heat exchanger are provided. The apparatus includes an enclosure that defines an interior space and is configured to receive at least a portion of the heat exchanger. A gas source is configured to deliver an inert gas to the interior space of the enclosure at a pressure higher than an ambient pressure outside the gas source and the enclosure. The enclosure is adapted to maintain a positive pressure difference between the interior space and the ambient pressure. A detector is configured to detect a leak of a gas from the heat exchanger into the interior space of the enclosure. A pressure relief device configured to release gas from the interior space of the enclosure if the pressure in the interior space exceeds a predetermined level.

Abstract: A cooling device comprises a cooling tube containing a working gas, a pressure oscillator connected to a first end of the cooling tube to generate a pressure oscillation and displacement of the working gas, and means for phase shifting the pressure oscillation relative to displacement of the working gas, connected to a second end of the cooling tube. The device further comprises a first sealed pressure transmission element to separate the working gas from a fluid contained in the phase shifting means. The fluid and the working gas are of different natures.

Abstract: A bi-directional pressure relief valve for a plate fin heat exchanger including an elongated heat exchanger tube having ends and a channel for the flow of a fluid from one end of the tube to the opposite end and a bi-directional reed valve positioned within the channel. The reed valve allows fluid to flow within the channel in either direction when a pressure differential across the reed valve is sufficient to urge the reed valve to an open position, thereby enabling the heat exchanger to be used independent of the direction of fluid flow through the heat exchanger.

Abstract: Provided are a substrate temperature control method and a plasma processing apparatus using the method. The method includes: disposing a substrate on a placing table provided in a vacuum processing chamber; supplying a heat conduction gas between a rear surface of the substrate and the placing table; detecting a pressure of the heat conduction gas; comparing the detected pressure value with a set pressure value; controlling the supply of the heat conduction gas so that the detected pressure value becomes the set pressure value; and alternately repeating a first period where the set pressure value is set to be a first set pressure value that is higher than a low pressure value and equal to or higher than the lowest limit pressure value and a second period where the set pressure value is set to be a second set pressure value that is lower than the low pressure value.

Abstract: A reliable, leak-tolerant liquid cooling system with a backup air-cooling system for computers is provided. The system may use a vacuum pump and a liquid pump and/or an air compressor in combination to provide negative fluid pressure so that liquid does not leak out of the system near electrical components. Alternatively, the system can use a single vacuum pump and a valve assembly to circulate coolant. The system distributes flow and pressure with a series of pressure regulating valves so that an array of computers can be serviced by a single cooling system. The system provides both air and liquid cooling so that if the liquid cooling system does not provide adequate cooling, the air cooling system will be automatically activated. The heat may be removed from the building efficiently with a cooling tower.

Abstract: According to one embodiment of the present invention, there is provided cooling apparatus. The cooling apparatus comprises an outlet for supplying chilled liquid, an inlet for receiving return chilled liquid, a free cooling system for providing first cooling to the return chilled liquid, a chiller unit for further cooling the first cooled return liquid to a predetermined temperature, a pressure difference sensor for measuring the pressure difference between the chilled liquid supplied at the outlet and the return liquid received at the inlet, and a flow control module for maintaining a predetermined pressure difference between the liquid supplied at the outlet and the return liquid received at the inlet.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for cooling of a substantially closed space, in particular a data centre, where continuous or intermittent heat is produced by at least one heat source, with recirculation air, comprising a heat exchanger with a first set of ducts and a second set of ducts, each set of ducts having an in- and outlet, wherein the in- and outlet of the first set of ducts are connected to the space to form a first recirculation path, and the in- and outlet of the second set of ducts are connected to an environment of the space to form a second recirculation path, and wherein the heat exchanger is a plate heat exchanger.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cryogenic system for cooling a consumer having a time-variable heat load, such as a superconducting magnet, including: a cold box in thermal contact with the consumer, supplied with heat transfer gas compressed by a feed line, and connected to a delivery line for discharging said gas at a lower pressure; and an assembly for adjusting the pressures in the feed and delivery lines, comprising a plurality of controlled valves (CV1, CV2, CV3) and a controller (MC) for controlling the opening of said valves. The invention is characterized in that the controller is a multivariable controller for generating signals (SCs1, SCs2, SCs3) for controlling the opening of said valves according to measured values (PHP, PBP) and set values (P0HP, P0BP) for the pressures in the feed and delivery lines on the basis of a mathematical model of the system that factors in a coupling between the pressure values in the feed and delivery lines by means of the above-mentioned cold box.

Abstract: The present invention is generally directed toward an apparatus and method for the heating of an aqueous mixture to vaporization, more specifically toward the heating of dilution air through a dilution air heating coil that is placed within the path of exhaust gas. In a power plant utilizing an emissions reduction process, such as a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) process, or other type of process, to remove harmful components, such as nitrous oxide (NO.sub.x), from a stream of flue gas wherein the emission reduction process includes the injection of vaporized aqueous mixture into the stream of flue gas, the present invention comprises a dilution air heating coil being placed within the path of exhaust gas to heat dilution air that is then subsequently used in the vaporization of the ammonia.

Abstract: A heating-cooling system has a plurality of users, a piping system subdivided into a plurality of zones in each of which a respective group of the users is connected in parallel, a heater or cooler having a supply line and a return line connected to the zones, a pump connected to the heater or cooler and to one of the lines for flowing a heat-exchange medium through the respective users, and respective flow-control valves connected in each of the zones for controlling flow of the medium therethrough and establishing in the respective zones a respective differential pressure. Flow in the zones is adjusted by controlling the respective valves to make a detected actual value of the differential pressure in the zone correspond to a set-point value previously detected and stored, with the differential pressure across each of the control valves being similarly feedback controlled.

Abstract: A method includes circulating a heat transferring fluid in a substantially closed system including an interstice between a wafer and a chuck at a first pressure. The method further includes pumping the fluid out of the interstice and increasing the pressure of the fluid to a second pressure. The method further includes reducing the pressure of the fluid to the first pressure and returning the fluid to the interstice. In the system, the fluid in the interstice transfers heat from the wafer to the chuck, or vice versa, by conduction. The presence of a conducting fluid in the interstice thereby decreases the resistivity of the interface, and enables more efficient heat transfer from the wafer to the chuck.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for purging gases released from a heat exchanger are provided. The apparatus includes an enclosure that defines an interior space and is configured to receive at least a portion of the heat exchanger. A gas source is configured to deliver an inert gas to the interior space of the enclosure at a pressure higher than an ambient pressure outside the gas source and the enclosure. The enclosure is adapted to maintain a positive pressure difference between the interior space and the ambient pressure. A detector is configured to detect a leak of a gas from the heat exchanger into the interior space of the enclosure. A pressure relief device configured to release gas from the interior space of the enclosure if the pressure in the interior space exceeds a predetermined level.

Abstract: The cooling arrangement for a server rack for accommodating a plurality of plug-in components includes a vertically running coolant air channel, having a plurality of air intake openings and a common exhaust air opening. Air intake openings can each be connected to an air outlet opening of a plug-in component, whereby the corresponding air intake opening is assigned to plug-in component. Air intake openings each have a throttle element for varying their air passage cross section.

Abstract: An auxiliary apparatus for a vehicle water tank is applicable to a cooling system. The auxiliary apparatus includes a water supply apparatus, a pressure relief apparatus, a state sensor, and a controller. The water supply apparatus has a feed-water pump and an auxiliary water tank. The cooling system and the auxiliary water tank respectively accommodate a cooling fluid. The pressure relief apparatus detects a pressure in the cooling system, and guides the cooling fluid in the cooling system to the auxiliary water tank when the pressure exceeds a predetermined pressure value. The state sensor detects a storage state of the cooling fluid in the cooling system. The controller stops the feed-water pump according to the storage state sensed by the state sensor, or starts the feed-water pump to guide the cooling fluid in the auxiliary water tank to the cooling system.

Abstract: A safety heat exchanger for combining a heat pump with a device of a drinking water supply facility for obtaining heat from drinking water. The heat exchanger includes a primary circulation loop (4) with drinking water, a secondary circulation loop (6) with antifreeze as a material that does not pose a health risk, and a tertiary circulation loop (7) with a coolant. The primary circulation loop (4) includes an inlet (3) connected to a drinking water supply facility and an outlet (5) with electrically controllable magnetic valves (16).

Abstract: One embodiment of the invention includes a cooling tank reservoir with a pressure release valve and a cooling fluid conduit wrapped around the pressure release valve.

Abstract: An apparatus includes heat-generating structure disposed in an environment having an ambient pressure, and a cooling system for removing heat from the heat-generating structure. The cooling system includes a fluid coolant, structure which reduces a pressure of the coolant to a subambient pressure at which the coolant has a boiling temperature less than a temperature of the heat-generating structure; and structure which directs a flow of the liquid coolant at the subambient pressure so that it is brought into thermal communication with the heat-generating structure, the coolant then absorbing heat and changing to a vapor.

Abstract: A direct exchange heating/cooling system includes a specially designed supplemental air-source heat exchanger (also referred to herein as a High Level Heat Dissipater (“HLHD”). The HLHD is coupled to the primary vapor/hot gas line exiting the system's compressor at a point between the compressor unit and the sub-surface geothermal heat exchange tubing, and is operable only in the cooling mode of system operation. The HLHD includes heat exchange tubing that is sheltered from rain/moisture and has supply and discharge refrigerant transport tubing with relatively equally sized interior diameters, designed solely for mostly vapor (as opposed to liquid) refrigerant transport. The HLHD incorporates at least two check valves, or the like, so as to force hot compressor discharge gas through the HLHD in the cooling mode, and so as to prohibit geothermally warmed refrigerant gas flow through the HLHD in the heating mode. The HLHD has specially designed heat exchangers and may optionally include a fan.