Abstract: A system for cooling an environment housing a plurality of electronic equipment in one or more cabinets is disclosed, the system comprising a remote cooling unit(s) adapted to provide relatively cool air into the environment, an exhaust associated with each cabinet, the exhaust being provided with variable airflow means; the remote unit being adapted to receive exhausted air, and; sensor means adapted to determine cooling demand and alter the output of the remote cooling unit(s) accordingly. Schemes for using the system are described.

Abstract: A computer system including a processor and a fan. The computer system can determine a power usage of the computer system and throttle the processor if the power usage corresponds to operating the fan at an increased acoustic level. The processor is throttled to cool the computer system prior to operating the fan at the increased acoustic level.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is a high-performance heating plate and also the method for manufacturing said plate. The heating plate is composed of two basic plate elements, each basic plate being composed, in turn, of a non-electrically-conducting plate on whose surface there is a resistive circuit for the purpose of establishing a surface for dissipation of the energy lost by the passage of the current through the resistive circuit. It is characterized in that, on the basic plate of this invention, use is made of conducting strips supplying power to the resistive surface and configured by means of spraying molten metal. The method that allows production of the plate of this invention makes use of electric-arc metal spraying machines.

Abstract: An equipment cooling system and method employing modular scalable coolant distribution units that interface with each other to provide liquid cooling for computer data centers. The coolant distribution unit (CDU) permits the use of elevated water temperatures without increasing the load on the computer room air conditioning. A control unit processes environment data to control pump and valve components supporting redundancy and multiple primary and secondary coolant loops.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention uses transmission lines structure to excite micro-plasma. The excited micro-plasma will induce a gas flow to cool down heat sink assembly. The micro-plasma may be excited with a DC source, a RF source, or a microwave source. In one embodiment, the transmission lines structure may comprise a microstrip conductor, a stripline conductor, a conductor trace, a paired differential traces, a dielectric layer, a ground layer, a dielectric resonator, and a cavity. The transmission lines structure may have patterns to induce high electric field at local regions. The micro-plasma may be used to create local turbulence near solid surface to enhance the heat transfer efficiency.

Abstract: A storage combination boiler system and a method for providing heating, comprising: a domestic combined heat and power (dchp) unit, which provides a heat output and an electricity output; a first piping system, containing fluid which is heated by the heat output of the dchp unit; a second piping system, containing fluid which is heated by transfer of heat from the fluid in the first piping system using a heat exchanger; and a storage vessel, located within the first piping system, downstream from the heat exchanger, for receiving and storing fluid within that first piping system so as to provide a thermal store for the heat in the first piping system.

Abstract: A dual fluid heat exchange system is presented that provides a stable output temperature for a heated fluid while minimizing the output temperature of a cooled fluid. The heated and cooled fluids are brought into thermal contact with each other within a tank. The output temperature of the warmed fluid is maintained at a stable temperature by a re-circulation loop that connects directly to the mid portion of the tank such that the re-circulated fluid flow primarily warms only a re-circulation section of the tank. The other, lower flow rate, section of the tank may be positioned so that it has a cooler temperature and thus serves to increase the efficiency of the heat exchange by extracting extra heat energy out of the cooled fluid before it leaves the tank. Alternatively, the low flow rate section of the tank may be warmer than the re-circulated section, and thus allow the re-circulated section to be cooler than the output temperature of the warmed fluid.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for alleviating insect infestation, such as bed bugs, dust mites and the like, in bedding is described. A cooling member in the form of a flexible tubing array (12) located in a gel (34) is located below two layers of bedding e.g. a mattress and a sheet (36, 38). Coolant is pumped through the tubing to bring the temperature of the mattress down to between 0- to 9-C and thereby kill the insects in the mattress. The apparatus can be set to pump coolant through the mattress for a fixed time period each day when the bed is unoccupied.

Abstract: An air-conditioning system for a vehicle, that includes a module for controlling the air-conditioning group for adjusting the temperature inside the passenger compartment to a setpoint temperature, the control module being capable of correcting the temperature adjustment in the passenger compartment based on a received sunshine value in the passenger compartment. The system further includes a mechanism correcting the sunshine value to improve the correction of the temperature adjustment inside the passenger compartment particularly in cloudy conditions.

Abstract: A temperature control device (1) for pharmaceutical solution containers (13) is proposed, having at least one wall section (3) into which a medium that can be temperature-controlled can be introduced. It is characterized in that it can be attached to the solution container (13) on the outside, and can be detached from it again.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a high pressure multi-zone cooling system, including a high pressure pump and multi-zone controller, for cooling a plurality of normally air cooled air conditioning condensers, and/or refrigeration coolers, and/or heat exchangers. The system also may be used for independently cooling outdoor areas, and for pressure washing applications. The number of zones that can be cooled simultaneously is limited only by the maximum flow rates and pressures under which the high pressure pump can operate. Typical zones might be one or more air conditioner condensers or heat exchangers, one or more outdoor areas, or a combination of air conditioner condensers, heat exchangers and outdoor areas. Misting around an air conditioner condenser is normally off and is triggered only when the air conditioning unit's compressor is running. Misting of an outdoor area is activated by turning on the exterior or interior mounted wall switch controlling the zone for that outdoor area.

Abstract: An apparatus for cooling a heat-generating component is disclosed. The apparatus includes a cooling chamber containing a liquid metal. The cooling chamber has a heat-conducting wall thermally coupled to the heat-generating component. A plurality of extendable tubes making up an array of cooling pin fins is attached to the cooling chamber. Each of the extendable tubes has a port end that opens into the cooling chamber and a sealed end that projects away from the cooling chamber. Moreover, each of the extendable tubes has an extended position when filled with liquid metal from the cooling chamber and a retracted position when emptied of the liquid metal. A pump system is included for urging the liquid metal from the cooling chamber into the plurality of extendable tubes.

Abstract: Provided are a heat medium heating-cooling apparatus and a heat medium temperature control method, which can control the heat medium temperature stably and more efficiently. The heat medium heating-cooling apparatus includes a heat medium heating unit (12) as well as a bypass line (19) thereof with switching valves 20a, 20b switching the direction of a flow of the heat medium to the heat medium heating unit or the bypass line. Decisions are made based on the present temperature (PV) in a reactor (11), a preset target temperature (SV), stable temperature range (?) and control switching temperature (?). According to the resulted four decisions of “stable heating”, “stable cooling”, “inclined heating” and “inclined cooling”, the temperature control according to either of the heating control at a heating control unit or the cooling control at a cooling control unit is conducted.

Abstract: A turbo chiller that allows for temperature adjustment even when a target heat load is low is provided. A turbo chiller (11) is equipped with a chiller-side control unit that controls an operation so that a coolant outlet temperature is equal to a desired value. When a target heat load is lower than or equal to a predetermined value, the chiller-side control unit outputs a target coolant flow rate, which satisfies the target heat load, of the coolant on the basis of a current coolant inlet temperature, which is a current temperature of the coolant flowing into an evaporator, and a target coolant outlet temperature, which is a coolant outlet temperature to be targeted.

Abstract: An evaporative cooling system that can be used to cool fluid and to cool an air supply to a building. The air supply to a cooling tower in a first evaporative system also having a fluid pump and a heat exchange element is cooled by the heat exchange element of a second evaporative cooling system. As a result, the inlet air wet bulb temperature of the primary cooling tower will be reduced, enhancing the cooling capacity of the primary cooling tower.

Abstract: A heating medium supply system is provided which is capable of sufficiently suppressing a temperature fluctuation of a heating medium, by the time when a heat exchanging device recovers heat of the heating medium, by leveling the temperature fluctuation fluctuating inevitably with time. The heating medium supply system includes: a heat collecting unit configured to heat a liquid heating medium by sunlight; a heat exchanging device configured to heat water supplied thereto by means of the heating medium supplied thereto from the heat collecting unit; heating medium supply piping for supplying the heating medium from the heat collecting unit to the heat exchanging device; and a heating medium heater for heating the heating medium and a temperature measuring device configured to measure a temperature of the heating medium, which are provided on the heating medium supply piping.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for controlling a temperature of a device by circulating fluid through a heat sink in thermal contact with the device. The apparatus includes a first fluid source (505) including a first fluid having a first temperature, a second fluid source (510) including a second fluid having a second temperature, and a thermal chuck (500) operably connected to the first fluid source and the second fluid source, wherein the thermal chuck is configured to receive the first fluid and the second fluid to be circulated through the heat sink (555). A method is also provided for controlling a temperature of a device in contact with a heat sink. The method includes determining a target temperature (S602), initiating a flow of a fluid from a fluid source (S604, S702), determining temperature data (S606, S704) of the device and the heat sink, and variably adjusting a flow rate (S710, S712) of the fluid to generally maintain the device at the target temperature.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing air at a given temperature to an air separation module has a first path for delivering air having a temperature to the air separation module, a second path for delivering air having a temperature to the air separation module, a heat exchanger through which the second path flows, the heat exchanger modulating the temperature of the air from the given temperature to a second temperature, and a valve for controlling an amount of air flowing through the second path whereby if the air delivered to the air separation module by the first path and the second path is below a temperature desired to run the air separation module essentially all of the air may flow through the first path.

Abstract: In general, the present invention incorporates a cooling or heating wrap having internal channels to circulate a chilled or warmed fluid, with one or more layers of a thermo-conductive material to eliminate air pockets or gaps between the wrap and a human or animal body part. The thermo-conductive material may be applied directly to the human or animal skin and/or body part, may be encapsulated in a separate unit, or may be integrated into the wrap itself. The thermo-conductive material acts like a heat conduction medium between the heat exchanging wrap and the anatomical body part, to increase the therapeutic effect of the wrap.

Abstract: A temperature management system for an air compressor includes a plurality of cooling fans coupled to an intercooler of the air compressor; an electrical relay comprising a coil and contacts operated by the coil; and a temperature switch coupled to the coil of the electrical relay. The contacts are located between the cooling fans and an electrical power supply. The temperature switch opens at a temperature above a predetermined temperature at a high pressure inlet of a high pressure stage of the air compressor, thereby closing the contacts of the electrical relay which applies power to the cooling fans.

Abstract: Any particle adhesion onto the surface of a substrate to be processed is prevented. There is provided a substrate processing apparatus characterized by including a transfer chamber for, via a gate to which a substrate accommodating container for accommodation of the substrate is set, performing transfer of the substrate between the same and the substrate accommodating container, a processing chamber for applying a specific process to the substrate, a load-lock chamber for linking the processing chamber with the transfer chamber, and a temperature control unit for at the stage of transferring the substrate into at least one of the transfer chamber and the load-lock chamber, so as for the temperature of the substrate just before the transfer thereof to be higher than the temperature of the interior of the chamber, into which the substrate will be transferred, controlling at least one of the temperature of the substrate and the temperature of the interior of the chamber.

Abstract: A method for controlling fan speed is disclosed. Firstly, a number of temperature ranges are defined. Each temperature range is associated with a corresponding fan speed. Each two adjacent temperature ranges overlap. The temperature of an electronic system is measured and is compared with the defined temperature ranges to determine whether it enters into a new range. If the measured temperature exceeds any one of the limits of a temperature range associated with the current fan speed, it enters into a new temperature range. The fan speed is adjusted to which is associated with the new entered temperature range. The overlap of each two adjacent temperature ranges covers the fluctuation of the temperature of the electronic system caused solely by the adjustment of fan speed caused by the traversing of the measured temperature between the two adjacent temperature ranges.

Abstract: A heating/cooling garment is provided that comprises a microclimate system, as well as methods of manufacturing and using same.

Abstract: A system for heating the sound-reflective mirror surface of a phased array monostatic sodar apparatus. The system has a heat source located at a position that is spaced from the mirror, a control system that controls the operation of the heat source, a working fluid that is heated by the heat source and used to transfer heat from the source to the mirror, and a delivery system that constrains the heated working fluid and delivers it from the heat source to the mirror.

Abstract: An exemplary refrigeration system for cooling food or beverages may use a liquid cooling system of a vehicle. The refrigeration system may include a compartment in which the food or beverages may be placed and removed, a chilled liquid coolant system having a connection through which liquid coolant is received from the liquid cooling system of the vehicle, and a heat exchanger operationally coupled with the chilled liquid coolant system and the compartment to transfer heat from the compartment into the liquid coolant. The refrigeration system may also include a second chilled coolant system through which a second coolant flows and a second heat exchanger operationally coupled with the second chilled coolant system and the compartment to transfer heat from the compartment. The chilled liquid coolant system and the second chilled coolant system may operate together as a cascade cooling system.

Abstract: A cooling system for a rack-mount server including at least one blade includes a liquid cooling line, at least one adjustable valve connected to the liquid cooling line, at least one heat exchanger connected to the at least one adjustable valve, a control module connected to the at least one valve, and a feedback module connected to the control module and including a sensor configured to measure a feedback control signal. The control module is configured to adjust the at least one adjustable valve and a flow rate of liquid through the liquid cooling line based on a feedback control signal measured by the sensor.

Abstract: A wind turbine includes a first temperature control system including fluid transporting heat to or from one or more components of the wind turbine. The wind turbine further includes a mechanism for exchanging heat between the first temperature control system and at least one further temperature control system of the wind turbine, wherein a temperature controlled mechanism enables the heat exchange between the first temperature control system and the at least one further temperature control system. A method for controlling or regulating the temperature of fluid flowing in a first temperature control system of a wind turbine and a use hereof is also contemplated.

Abstract: Systems and a method for controlling a temperature of an exhaust gas stack are provided. The system includes a first heat exchanger positioned upstream in exhaust gas flow communication to an exhaust gas inlet to the stack, a second heat exchanger positioned upstream in exhaust gas flow communication to the first heat exchanger, and a water side conduit configured to direct a flow of relatively hot water from the second heat exchanger to the first heat exchanger such that a temperature of a flow of exhaust gas flowing through the first exchanger is maintained within a predetermined range.

Abstract: A multiple-tank water thermal storage system and its using method belong to energy saving technology. The multiple-tank water thermal storage system includes at least two water tanks. There are an upper diffuser (2) and a lower diffuser (5) provided in each said water tank. The upper and lower diffusers (2, 5) are connected with a chiller (heater) unit (4) and a heat exchanger (11) after connecting in parallel, respectively. Control valves (8) are set on pipes of the upper and the lower diffusers (2, 5), respectively. A thermal energy-charging pump (1) is set on the water-inlet pipe of chiller (heater) unit (4). A thermal energy-releasing pump (10) is set on the water-inlet pipe of the heat exchanger (11), and temperature sensors (6) are set in the water tanks.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a body containing a vapor chamber and having first and opposing second major surfaces and a thermoelectric module having first and opposing second major surfaces. The second major surface of the body is in thermal contact with the first major surface of the thermoelectric module. A heat sink has a first major surface in thermal contact with the second major surface of the thermoelectric module. The thermoelectric module is configured to control a flow of heat between the body and the heat sink.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for heating or cooling a fluid. An inlet conduit coupled to a plurality of distribution nozzles in fluid communication with a channel at the periphery of the apparatus. An insert and a sleeve cooperatively define a thin gap, in fluid communication with the channel, through which the fluid flows. Thermal inserts near the thin gap generate heat flux into or out of the fluid, which exits through an outlet conduit.

Abstract: Apparatus for evaporating calciferous water by means of electrical heating includes an injection nozzle connected to a spray hose arranged in the upper third of an evaporator immediately above a thermostat that is disposed on the bottom side of the evaporator, the distance between the injection nozzle and the thermostat being less than 15 mm, the steam hose being connected to the evaporator via a steam connector, the steam connector having an inside diameter of at least 5 mm, and the evaporator at an angle of inclination of 5° to 10°.

Abstract: A system for passively cooling an electronic component includes a conduit configured to carry a pressurized cooling fluid. The conduit has a plurality of delivery orifices configured to dispense the pressurized cooling fluid from the conduit to cool the electronic component. Each delivery orifice has a hydrogel mechanism associated therewith, which is configured to individually control each of the plurality of delivery orifices to automatically regulate flow of the cooling fluid in response to a variation in a property of an ambient environment surrounding the hydrogel mechanism. The property of the ambient environment is influenced by an operation of the electronic component.

Abstract: A drying apparatus and method are disclosed. The drying apparatus includes a drying compartment and a heating device that heats air to be provided to the compartment. The heating device includes a coil through which is conducted a heated liquid, and the air is heated as it passes along the coil. The heated liquid can be provided from a source internal or external to the drying apparatus and in at least some embodiments is heated water provided from a hydronic heating device located internal to the drying apparatus. In at least some embodiments, the heated air provided through the drying compartment is returned to the heating device and recirculated through the compartment. In at least some of these embodiments, the heated air emanating from the drying compartment passes through a condensing device that removes moisture from the air before it is returned to the heating device.

Abstract: The present invention provides a hot water supply apparatus capable of reducing energy consumption. That is, except during operation of heating water, when a detection temperature of a temperature sensor becomes equal to or lower than a set temperature, a circulating pump is operated and a compressor is operated at a second operating frequency having a lower frequency than a first operating frequency, thereby the compressor does not have to be repeatedly operated and stopped, and can be continuously operated in a state of reduced heating power.

Abstract: A heat recovery device is provided for recovering thermal energy from a fluid medium, in particular for use in a waste-water system of a dishwasher. The heat recovery device comprises at least one heat exchanger with at least one heat exchanger surface. The heat recovery device further comprises at least one heating device, which is thermally coupled to the heat exchanger surface, and also at least one controller. The controller is designed to carry out a self-cleaning process for the heat exchanger, with the heat exchanger surface being briefly heated by means of the heating device during the self-cleaning process.

Abstract: Airflow management apparatuses for computer cabinets and associated methods are disclosed herein. The computer cabinets include a plurality of computer modules positioned between an air inlet and an air outlet and an air mover configured to move a flow of cooling air from the air inlet, past the plurality of computer modules, and out the computer cabinet via the air outlet. The computer cabinets carry an airflow restrictor positioned proximate to the air outlet. The airflow restrictor is configured to restrict the flow of cooling air through a portion of the computer cabinet to achieve a desired temperature profile in the computer cabinet.

Abstract: A method for controlling at least one fan (13) for the regulation of the cooling demand of at least two cooling elements (12) comprised in a drill rig (1), the cooling demand of each one of the cooling elements (12) being determined, that the determined cooling demands are weighted together and that the fan (13) is controlled based on the weighting together. The invention is characterized in that at least one cooling element is equipped with a safety thermostat, which, if required, prevents undercooling by the fact that the fluid in question is not allowed to circulate in this cooling element. Furthermore, the invention also relates to a drill rig for the execution of the above-mentioned method.

Abstract: A sensor housing system maintains a sensor—which is used in monitoring an extreme temperature environment such as a combustion unit—at a desired ambient temperature. The system comprises one or more sensors housed within an internal chamber and cooled by air or an inert gas. Gas within the chamber cools the sensor and then exhausts to a second internal chamber which, in turn, exhausts to atmosphere. Both chambers are housed in a directional ball pivot that provides access to the extreme temperature environment and adjusts the angle of the sensor. An air tube having a cobra sweep is directed toward the external surface of the glass wafer and directs a hot gas stream across the surface of the wafer. A failsafe device retracts the chambers from tie extreme temperature environment in case of power failure or if for some reason the sensor becomes too hot.

Abstract: A valve includes a body having an interior and defining at least one inlet passageway and discharge passageway. The valve also includes a flow diverter disposed within the body between the inlet and discharge passageways to receive a fluid from the inlet passageway in an inlet direction. The diverter is adapted to discharge the fluid to at least one discharge passageway in a direction that differs from the inlet direction. The diverter is rotatable to vary the discharge direction. According to one embodiment, the discharge direction is substantially perpendicular to the inlet direction. In another embodiment, a series of fluid passages are formed between the diverter and the interior of the valve body to permit a small firm or thickness of fluid to extend between portions of the diverter and the valve body, thereby forming a fluid bearing.

Abstract: Monitoring method and system are provided for dynamically determining airflow rate through and heat removal rate of an air-conditioning unit, such as a computer room air-conditioning unit. The method includes: sensing inlet and outlet temperatures of fluid passing through a heat exchanger associated with the air-conditioning unit; sensing air temperature at an air inlet side of the heat exchanger; automatically determining at least one of airflow rate through or heat removal rate of the air-conditioning unit, the automatically determining employing the sensed inlet temperature and outlet temperature of fluid passing through the heat exchanger, and the sensed air temperature at the air inlet side of the heat exchanger; and outputting the determined airflow rate through or heat removal rate of the air-conditioning unit. In one embodiment, the heat exchanger is an auxiliary air-to-air heat exchanger, and in another embodiment, the heat exchanger is the air-to-liquid heat exchanger of the air-conditioner.

Abstract: Monitoring method and system are provided for dynamically determining flow rate of a first fluid and a second fluid through a heat exchanger. The method includes: pre-characterizing the heat exchanger to generate pre-characterized correlation data correlating effectiveness of the heat exchanger to various flow rates of the first and second fluids through the heat exchanger; sensing inlet and outlet temperatures of the first and second fluids through the heat exchanger, when operational; automatically determining flow rates of the first and second fluids through the heat exchanger using the sensed inlet and outlet temperatures of the first and second fluids and the pre-characterized correlation data; and outputting the determined flow rates of the first and second fluids. The automatically determining employs the determined effectiveness of the heat exchanger in interpolating from the pre-characterized correlation data the flow rates of the first and second fluids.

Abstract: A heat exchanger includes a body having a plurality of cooling fins defining a plurality of channels therebetween. The heat exchanger also includes a valve positioned in a first channel of the plurality of channels. At least a portion of the valve includes a shape memory material having a thermal transformation temperature. The valve is movable between a first discrete position and a second discrete position. Fluid flow is allowed through the first channel when the valve is in the first discrete position above the thermal transformation temperature. Fluid flow is at least partially blocked in the first channel when the valve is in the second discrete position below the thermal transformation temperature.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cooling device for a reaction chamber for processing a biochip and to a method for controlling said cooling device. The cooling device (50) according to the invention comprises a cooling piston (51), a cooling unit (52) for cooling the cooling piston (51) and a drive (53) for displacing the cooling piston (51) or the reaction chamber in such a manner that the cooling piston can be brought into contact with a wall of the reaction chamber (5) and can be removed again. The cooling device (50) according to the invention allows high cooling rates and a high reproducibility of cooling processes. It has a simple design and can be reliably used in portable devices for examining biochips.

Abstract: A thermal control unit with a heat pipe that conducts heat away from a device under test during burn-in. The heat pipe has a heater that allows control of the rate at which heat is transferred from the DUT to the heat pipe. A sensor and controller are provided to control the heat in response to the measured temperature of the DUT. The sensor and controller control the heater to maintain the surface temperature of the DUT within a specified range.

Abstract: A portable temperature transfer stand for holding thermo-conductive laboratory devices transferring thermal energy to laboratory devices is provided as well as its methods of use. The temperature transfer stand comprises at least one supporting structure (foot) and a stable stage, both comprising a thermal conductive material. The supporting structure is in direct contact with the stage which is in direct contact with a laboratory device.

Abstract: A process and a system for regulating a continuous crystallization process which can be used especially for preparation of bisphenol A comprises a heat exchanger connected in a circuit to a crystallization apparatus. A heat exchange performance of the heat exchanger to cool an exit stream of the crystallization apparatus is established as a function of a feed stream supplied, in order to deliver by regulation an exit temperature of the exit stream. The heat exchange performance is calculated, and the calculated heat exchange performance is established in the heat exchanger with a time delay. The time delay prevents large temperature differences in the heat exchanger, so as to prevent fouling in the heat exchanger. With improved regulation quality, this leads to fewer production shutdowns and hence to improved productivity.

Abstract: An outside air temperature of a vehicle is detected, an operating time of a fan is set in accordance with the detected outside air temperature based on a fan operating time map, and an idle speed increase time is set in accordance with the an operating time based on an idle speed increase time map.

Abstract: A warming system for high pressure storage tanks for hydrogen and CNG gas fuel wherein a warming device is installed upon a tank port that is interconnected in thermal communication with a metal liner within the tank and heat derived from an on board vehicle heat source is transmitted by conduction from the tank port to the tank interior. Heating ameliorates mechanical stresses to the tank and the component parts of the tank assembly caused by the thermal conditions of the tank environment and thermal changes in gas temperature associated with the depletion of high pressure gas from the tank.

Abstract: A heat pump liquid heater system comprises a liquid conduit to direct a flow of a liquid between a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet, and a plurality of heat pump liquid heaters. Each heat pump liquid heater comprises a heat transfer element to transfer heat to the liquid and a temperature sensor to detect temperature of the heated liquid. A controller controls operation of the heat pumps based on the detected temperature of the heated liquid. The liquid conduit through which the liquid flows includes a plurality of adaptor assemblies, each of which has a heat pump port adapted to receive a heat transfer element and a temperature sensor for extension into the liquid conduit.