Abstract: This device attaches to a suit, and serves to keep a driver or other wearer cool, or warm, when desired. Primarily, it consists of a main unit with a blower, and the main unit may be coupled to a second unit that can be worn by another person, who may be a passenger in an open top vehicle. It further includes an attachable air cooler, and an attachable propane gas heater.

Abstract: Method and apparatus are disclosed for selectively clamping the edges of electronic modules into mechanical and thermal contact with a fluid coolant circuit. A stack of plural substantially parallel and generally planar fluid conduit-containing structures having spaced apart parallel legs jointly receive a stack of plural generally planar electronic modules disposed transversely therewithin. Each of the fluid conduit-containing structures includes mechanical/thermal contact pads disposed approximately perpendicular to its general plane on the inside edges of the parallel legs with the pads on some of the structures being directed one way and those on others of the structures being directed in an opposite way. At least one such set of structures is then collectively moved so as to selectively clamp the edges of the stack of electronic modules between opposingly directed contact pads.

Abstract: Air temperature regulating apparatus for a vehicle including a unit case having an air-intake chamber, an air-intake window, a mixing chamber, and a heat exchanger mounted between the air-intake chamber and the mixing chamber. A side air exit, and a bottom air exit are provided in the mixing chamber. The heat exchanger includes plural air-heating passages with plural heat-radiating fins mounted in alternating ones of the passages and a damper slideably mounted in front of the exchanger variably adjustable to change an opening area of the passages. The exchanger can be formed of a flattened empty pipe having both ends remaining round with the pipe being bent in a zig-zag shape with the flattened portions extending horizontally. The heat-radiating fins in one portion of the exchanger can have a larger surface area than those mounted in an opposite portion.

Abstract: An in-line fluid warmer for heating parenteral fluids, particularly blood, supplied from a fluid container through a flexible supply conduit. The fluid warmer includes a box-like enclosure containing a heated plate having a sinuously-shaped groove configured to accept and hold a length of the supply conduit in heat transfer relationship with the plate. A pair of temperature sensors monitor the actual temperature of the plate. One of the temperature sensors controls a voltage controlled oscillator, while the other is used to determine maximum permissible plate temperature. The voltage controlled oscillator supplies proportional control to the heated plate up to a predetermined temperature of 37.degree. C. for warming blood.

Abstract: A solar collector, or absorber, panels or a heat storage tank, suitable for heating water using solar energy is formed from two sheets of uncured elastic material, such as EPDM rubber, by simultaneously bonding and curing the peripheral edges of the two sheets and at spaced apart, discrete areas over most of the interior areas of the sheets. In one form one of the sheets is coated with a layer of release agent, over all areas except the discrete areas and the peripheral areas so that only such uncoated areas will bond during cure. In another form, a sheet of non-adherent plastic, slightly smaller than the two sheets and having holes or holidays to form the discrete areas, is bonded between the two sheets. In a third form, the peripheral edges are first sealed to form a chamber, then the chamber is inflated and a forming die presses together the discrete areas only. Reinforcing fibers are employed or molded, into at least one of the uncured sheets.

Abstract: A diesel fuel heater is provided in the general form of a flexible elongate fluid jacket having sufficient length for wrapping around the diesel fuel filter of a diesel engine. The flexible elongate fluid jacket defines a channel having an inlet and outlet for operatively coupling into the liquid coolant circulating system of the diesel engine. The fluid jacket transfers heat from the circulating liquid coolant to diesel fuel passing through the fuel filter. Furthermore, the fluid jacket and channel are distributed and arranged to cover substantially the entire surface of the circumference of the diesel fuel filter thereby insulating the diesel fuel filter from cold air while maximizing heat transfer. In a preferred example the channel defined by the fluid jacket is in the configuration of an elongate "U" shape in which the legs of the "U" may be wrapped around the circumference of the diesel fuel filter as a single unit.

Abstract: A solar heat collector of a flexible material is composed of superposed flexible foils joined together along their rims to form a heat collecting chamber therebetween. A flow of heat carrying medium is directed through the collecting chamber. In order to keep the foils in a taut condition, two opposite rim portions of the foils are formed with marginal chambers for accommodating a weight. The bottom foil is supported on an insulating plate with raised opposite lateral walls and the tensioning weights hang over the edges of the lateral walls to tension the foils by the force of gravity. If desired, the clearance between respective foils can be adjusted by the provision of discrete supporting bars of different height.

Abstract: A method of maintaining vegetation above frost damage levels in which the roots, stems, trunks or foliage of the vegetation is surrounded by a phase change material having a melting point in excess of the frost damage level, which phase change material is encased in a plurality of bags or in an elongated tubular member. In the case of use of an elongated tubular member, it may be coiled directly about the vegetation or coiled in stacks positioned above the vegetation or laid below ground in rows or coiled within the interior of an automotive tire proximate the vegetation which serves to directly collect solar energy. A fluid path is provided through the center of the tubular member which is coupled to a solar collector. The solar thermal energy collected thereby is transfered via fluid recirculating in this path to the phase change material such that the phase change material melts.

Abstract: A technique and apparatus for thawing a frozen blood plasma unit while maintaining the unit in a dry condition includes a water bath and a special holder which supports a thin plastic bag in which the plasma unit is contained. The holder maintains the bag and the plasma unit submerged in a manner which affords substantial thermal contact between the plasma unit and the water bath.

Abstract: This invention discloses a solar heat collector and system in which radiant heat energy is absorbed by an absorber plate and the heat is transferred by conduction to a circulating fluid. During normal operation, heat loss from the solar panel is reduced by covering the upper side of the absorber plate with an inflatable transparent cover, and also covering the rear side of the panel with an insulating material which can be an inflatable insulating bladder.The invention pertains more particularly to a solar heat collector which can be inactivated to avoid it attaining excessive temperatures by deflating the flexible transparent cover and allowing it to settle close to the absorber plate, thereby establishing increased heat transfer by conductive and convective processes from the absorber plate to the environment. The deflated cover permits sufficient heat rejection to prevent the plate from attaining excessive temperatures during its inactive or stagnant operating mode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a solar heater for heating water comprising two sheets of blackened materials constituting one unit connected to each other by partition walls constituting longitudinal channels for the water to be heated and at both sides manifolds suitably closed at their ends having an inlet or outlet for the cold and hot water, respectively. The invention relates also to a method for the preparation of said solar heater.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of forming a solar collector, or absorber, panels or a heat storage tank, suitable for heating water using solar energy. It also relates to articles of manufacture so formed and to solar water heating apparatus using said articles. Three methods of forming the panel or tank from two sheets of uncured elastic material, such as EPDM rubber, by simultaneously bonding and curing such material around the peripheral edges of the two sheets and at spaced apart, discrete areas over most of the interior areas of the sheets. In one form of the method, one of the sheets is coated with a layer of release agent, over all areas except the discrete areas and the peripheral areas so that only such uncoated areas will bond during cure. In another form, a sheet of non-adherent plastic slightly smaller than the two sheets and having holes or holidays to form the discrete areas is bonded between the two sheets.

Abstract: An intravenous fluid warmer includes an electrically heated warmer module receiving a low volume (10 ml.) disposable cartridge through which the fluid being heated flows. The module is configured as two spaced concentric elongated metallic heating elements having attached electric heaters and defining therebetween an elongated plenum adapted to receive the disposable cartridge. The temperature of the heating elements is individually monitored by separate sensors and an electronic temperature control module maintains the inner heating element at a slightly higher temperature (36.degree. C.) than the temperature (34.degree. C.) at which the outer heating element is maintained. The inner heating element is free floating through a limited range to accommodate manufacturing differences is the disposable cartridge. The cartridge, made of polystyrene or polycarbonate plastic, nests in the plenum in contact with the heating elements.

Abstract: The heat pipe has a condensing area at one end and an evaporating area at the other end. An ion drag pump is within the condensing area to receive dielectric refrigerant condensate in its inlet. There is a liquid carrying tube having one end connected to the pump outlet and having its other end terminating adjacent the evaporating area to discharge refrigerant condensate therein. The evaporating area has heat receiving flow paths into which the condensate is adapted to flow and be vaporized, there being a vapor flow path from the evaporating area through which the vaporized refrigerant returns to the condensing area.The method includes cooling one end of the heat pipe to liquefy refrigerant therein to form a condensate, flowing the condensate into an ion drag pump and applying a sufficiently high voltage across a cathode and anode of the pump to produce ions in the refrigerant condensate, the ions then being accelerated toward the anode so as to create fluid motion and pumping action through the pump inlet.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for heating people, particularly those travelling on motor cycles or in motor vehicles, such as open motor vehicles, or watercraft, tracked vehicles or working vehicles having internal combustion engines, or working on ocean-going ships, floating drilling platforms, etc, in which a hot air producing apparatus supplied with the waste heat of an internal combustion engine comprising a heat exchanger whose casing tube surrounds the exhaust pipe portion of the internal combustion engine and having a cold air inlet and a hot air outlet connection with a meterable cold air supply, is connected by means of a flexible hose connection to the inner area of a double-layer article of clothing, to which is supplied by means of a blower the hot air produced by the heat exchanger and which on the side facing the person wearing the clothing is provided with hot air outlets.

Abstract: Heat exchange between liquid (1) and air (2) is effected by causing the liquid (1) to flow, in the form of a liquid film (5) spreading under capillary action, between pairs (3) of vertically oriented band-shaped thin membranes (4a and 4b) held together by adhesive forces in the liquid film (5). The air flow (2) preferably is conducted in counterflow with the liquid flow (1) in gaps (6) surrounding the pairs of membranes (3). Exchange of heat between liquid and air occurs through the membrane walls (4a, 4b). The membranes (4a and 4b) preferably consist of a thin plastic film, for example matted polyester film.

Abstract: A device is disclosed for cooling or cooling and calibrating a ribbed tubular wall of a thermoplastic material in a deformable state in which the tubular wall has a circular surface and helically extending rib turns projecting from the circular surface at spaced intervals. A cooling chain of a plurality of interconnected cooling cells is mounted between at least two adjacent rib turns, a flexible cooling conduit interconnects the cells which are adapted to pass a coolant therethrough for cooling the adjacent rib turns, and the cells have wall portions contiguously into engaging the adjacent rib turns.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for heating persons travelling in or on motorcycles or motor vehicles having internal combustion engines, particularly open motor vehicles, racing vehicles or rail vehicles, particularly working vehicles or working on ships, floating drilling platforms, etc. comprising a hot air generator supplied with the waste heat of the internal combustion engine and an article of clothing connected to said generator by means of a flexible line and by means of which hot air can be supplied to the person wearing the clothing.

Abstract: A solar energy collection mat element of unitary black elastomeric or flexible plastic consists of a side-by-side series of parallel pipes with integral connecting material between the pipes defining tear lines. The last pipe of the series has a longitudinally directed slit, allowing the last pipe to be opened transversely and placed in gripping relationship about the first pipe of another similar mat element.

Abstract: A plurality of flexible plastic strips made up of elongated extruded modules with each module including a plurality of parallel tubular sections spaced apart by continuous webs with each strip being laid out on an area on which ice is to be made. The tubular sections of the modules of each strip are individually connected to a supply header and a return header, and at the other end of the strip, a common closed header allows brine to be circulated through alternating tubes.

Abstract: An atmospheric heat exchange apparatus constructed from two thin polymeric films is provided which can be mounted for operation on contoured surfaces. Heat is transferred between the atmosphere and a liquid medium flowing between the sheets. The apparatus can be mounted with no operational degradation resulting from flow-inhibiting bends in the polymeric films.

Abstract: An apparatus for cooling a high-density integrated circuit package including a base in which the circuit package is mounted and a heat exchanger which mounts on the base to enclose the circuit package and carry away the heat generated by operation thereof by means of a fluid coolant which is passed through the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger includes a housing having a coolant chamber one surface of which is formed of a pliable thin-wall metallic diaphragm which is biased into heat conductive contact with the circuit package by biasing structures provided in the coolant chamber of the heat exchanger housing.

Abstract: A hydrostatic bladder-type storage means for storing mechanical energy by a compressible media in a pressure bottle. An interior of the pressure bottle contains an elastically resilient bladder accommodating the medium. The pressurized medium is introduced into the bladder from one side of the bottle, with the bladder being surrounded by hydraulic oil which is adapted to be forced into and removed from a cavity located between the bottle and the bladder. A porous elastic body of foamed synthetic resinous material is provided in the bladder with the medium filling pores of the foam body. The foam body is intimately joined to the wall of the bladder and has a specific thermal capacity which is greater than the thermal capacity of the medium.

Abstract: Heating apparatus for heating of a fluid. The heating apparatus comprises a conduit having a fluid passage therethrough for conduction of a fluid to be heated, a heating device, such as for example electrical heating plates, in heat transfer contact with a portion of the conduit for heating the fluid being conducted therethrough, and a temperature sensing device positioned in engagement with the conduit at a predetermined location along the conduit external to the conduit for sensing the temperature of the fluid to be conducted therepast. A contact member is arranged to engage the flexible conduit at the predetermined location for compressing the flexible conduit to constrict the cross sectional area of the flow passage thereat when the flow rate of the fluid is below a predetermined flow rate. Preferably, the contact member is spring biased towards the flow passage constricting position, and is movable away from such position when the flow rate exceeds a predetermined flow rate.

Abstract: A method and means for interconnecting (a) a pair of headers for circulating inflow and outflow fluids such as a heat exchange liquid with (b) first and second extended flexible tube mats formed of a plurality of tubes cojoined side-by-side with the end portions thereof separated from one another.

Abstract: A dialyser has a membrane assembly (12) comprising two superposed conduits partially defined, and separated, by a transfer membrane wall. The walls of the conduit are provided with furrowing (38 or 39) extending with a component along the conduits. Blood is pumped through one conduit by a roller pump (21) and dialysate is pumped in counter current through the other conduit by a roller pump (24). The conduits communicate with separate chambers in flexible bladders (16) along each side edge of the conduits and the bladders are alternately compressed by rollers (27) to provide a superimposed reciprocatory flow component on the blood and dialysate in a direction transverse to the length of the conduits. This reciprocatory flow component, in conjunction with the furrows, produces vortexes in, and good mixing of, the blood and dialysate in their respective conduits and hence enhanced contact of each of these liquids with the transfer membrane wall.

Abstract: Cooling pillow with heat dissipator comprising a head-resting surface which is temperature maintained by thermally transferring heat released by the user to and through a heat conducting metal plate in contact with a wet absorbent medium receiving water from a water tank in a ventilated enclosure.

Abstract: A spacecraft modular system with two components of a cooling system, one in each replacement hardware module and one in the satellite station, with a coupling means in the replacement module in the form of heat sink which collects heat from the heat generating hardware in the replacement module. The heat sink incorporates heat sink fins which interdigitize with coolant tubes in the satellite coolant system and make a mechanical interface with the fins in response to the satellite coolant system pressure for a thermally efficient heat exchange from the replacement module to the satellite coolant system. In another embodiment, replacement module coolant tubes interdigitize directly with the satellite coolant tubes in a fluid pressure responsive thermally efficient mechanical contact to provide a fluid-to-fluid mechanical coupling.

Abstract: A device for heating blood for transfusion is disclosed which has two vertically disposed opposed electrical heating plates which engage the opposite faces of a flat bag of flexible plastic material delimitating a fluid path therethrough which has a width progressively increasing from a lower inlet pipe for connection to a blood supply to an elongated single rectilinear main portion of uniform width and progressively decreasing from the elongated main portion toward an upper outlet pipe for connection to injection means. A flow restricting means is disposed therein on an intermediate level between the inlet pipe and the main portion of the fluid path to restrict the travel of fluid introduced by the inlet pipe and produce a substantially homogeneous flow all across the main portion of the fluid path. The heating plates include heat radiating fins or corrugations to reduce thermal inertia as the rate of blood flow changes.

Abstract: A heat exchanger adapted for efficient operation alternatively as evaporator or condenser and characterized by flexible outer tube having a plurality of inner conduits and check valves sealingly disposed within the outer tube and connected with respective inlet and outlet master flow conduits and configured so as to define a parallel flow path for a first fluid such as a refrigerant when flowed in one direction and to define a serpentine and series flow path for the first fluid when flowed in the opposite direction. The flexible outer tube has a heat exchange fluid, such as water, flowed therethrough by way of suitable inlet and outlet connections. The inner conduits and check valves form a package that is twistable so as to define a spiral annular flow path within the flexible outer tube for the heat exchange fluid. The inner conduits have thin walls of highly efficient heat transfer material for transferring heat between the first and second fluids. Also disclosed are specific materials and configurations.

Abstract: A heat transfer system disposed between a heat-emitting zone or heat source and a heat-consuming zone or heat sink in accordance with the heat pipe principle. A vacuum-tight hose conduit is arranged between the heat-emitting zone and the heat-consuming zone at least along a partial region of a heat transfer path. The respective ends of the vacuum-tight hose conduit are threadedly connected in the heat transfer path with the vacuum-tight hose conduit being resistant to the heat transfer medium and being provided with an internal capillary structure for enabling a return of the condensate.

Abstract: A heat transfer system for transferring heat between a heat-emitting zone or heat source and a heat-consuming zone or heat sink in accordance with a heat pipe principle in cases where a limited relative movement takes place between the heat source and the heat sink. A bundle of small tubes extending essentially in parallel to one another and movable relative to one another is arranged at least along a partial zone of a heat transfer path between the heat source and the heat sink. Each individual tube of the bundle of tubes is constructed in accordance with the heat pipe principle.

Abstract: A heating device comprises a casing to be disposed vertically, the casing including a circuit element receiving chamber and a heater receiving chamber having a front opening, a lid for at least covering the front opening of the heater receiving chamber, a heater situated in the heater receiving chamber, and electric circuit means situated in the circuit element receiving chamber. The heater includes a heater segment coextensive with and disposed in the front opening and an electric heating element attached to a back side of the heater segment. The heater segment has a tortuous groove on a front side thereof to receive therein a liquid feed pipe through which an instillation liquid to be heated flows. The groove includes at least upper and lower curves and extends from an upper portion of the heater segment to a lower portion thereof through the curves to keep the instillation liquid in the liquid feed pipe between the upper and lower curves for a period sufficient to heat the liquid.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for utilizing the earth as a heat source and heat sink for heating and cooling buildings are disclosed. Flexible material such as hollow plastic or metal foil bags which can be buried in deep, narrow trenches are draped over and clamped to heat transfer fluid conduits or conventional heat pipes vastly increasing the heat transfer surface area serving the conduits or heat pipes. The heat pipe bags contain a heat transfer fluid and can contain wicks which are in heat transfer communication with the heat transfer fluid conduits or other heat pipes. The plastic or metal of the heat pipe bag similarly encloses the wick forming a closed, sealed system which can also include the conduit or heat pipe. Such conduit-heat pipe bag combination can be used in combination with conventional heat pumps to both heat and cool buildings.

Abstract: A heat exchanger adapted particularly for use in embedded radiant heating systems and including a plurality of webbed tube mats and associated manifolds, wherein the webs are separated from their adjacent tubes along tear lines at at least two longitudinally spaced portions of the mat.

Abstract: A heat storing fireplace including a fire-box surrounded by a heat storage medium which is either an enclosure containing a material having a high specific heat such as sand or gravel or a large number of heat conducting bags containing a high specific heat material. Exhaust gases are conveyed from the fire-box to an exhaust outlet by several conduits extending through the heat storage medium in a circuitous path in order to transfer heat from the exhaust gases to the heat storage medium. Heat is further distributed through the storage material by a heat conducting lattice fastened to the conduits and extending through the storage medium in a circuitous path. Combustion air enters the bottom of the fire box through a combustion air inlet jacket surrounding the exhaust outlet in order to simultaneously pre-warm the combustion air while thermally insulating the exhaust outlet from its support structure. A draft is created through the fire-box by an exhaust fan mounted in the exhaust outlet.

Abstract: An elongated flexible elastomer or plastic double tube structure for storing heat energy includes inner and outer flexible tubes held in coaxial relationship by integral angularly spaced apart webs which divide up the annular space between the tubes into angularly spaced apart segments. The segments are filled with phase change material such as salt hydrate. The annular space is sealed at opposite ends by sealing the outer tube against the inner tube and the inner tube provides a conduit for the passage of a heat transfer fluid, such as water, through the structure.

Abstract: A heat exchanger element consists of a double fabric web coated on both sides, the distance between the face fabric and the back fabric of which is maintained by binder filaments. This double fabric web is provided with a feeder duct and discharge duct for liquid and gaseous media. The heat exchanger element is used as heat absorber or heater element. It is distinguished by its flexibility. As heater element, it may be doubled with carpet material or used as wall-to-wall carpet.

Abstract: Supercorroding magnesium alloys that react rapidly and predictably with seawater to produce heat and hydrogen gas. The alloys are formed by a mechanical process that bonds magnesium and noble metal powder particles together. The alloy powders can be sintered to form barstock, etc., suitable for self-contained corroding links.

Abstract: A portion of a suspended ceiling in a room is in the form of an open grid of reflective louvers, those facing a window being curved. A flexible bag containing a mixture including Glaubers salt is supported by the grid and suitable reflecting devices are associated with the window to reflect solar heat to and through the grid where it is absorbed by the mixture in the bag.

Abstract: A heat storage device comprising a closed reservoir within which is positioned a flexible closed container of smaller volume. The flexible container encloses a liquefiable heat-accumulating material; and the reservoir is provided with a heat-transport medium outside of the flexible container. The heat-transport medium always remains in the liquid phase and, upon solidification and shrinkage of the heat-accumulating material, fills the spaces thus formed between the flexible container and the reservoir wall in order to maintain adequate transfer of heat.

Abstract: A modular plastic heat exchanger includes at least one thermal exchange element having parallel outer and inner plastic sheets separated by a plurality of parallel ribs extending between said sheets and connected thereto to form a plurality of channels generally rectangular in cross-section with a plastic insulating foam sized to be co-extensive with said outer sheet and secured to the exterior surface of said outer sheet, and a pair of cylindrical manifolds, each having a large central flow tube oriented normal to such channels in said thermal exchange element and fixedly secured to said thermal exchange element on opposite edges thereof, each of said manifolds being operably connected to fluidly communicate said channels to its flow tube at the ends of said channels, whereby the inner sheet can be tightly faced against a cylindrical member to be thermally controlled and temperature controlled fluids can be passed from one manifold to the other to control the temperature of the member.

Abstract: A heat pipe which can be rolled up for storage and automatically deploys when heat is applied. Two highly flexible parallel sheets are bonded together at their edges, thus permitting compact rolled storage. The inside portions of the joined edges form creases which act as capillary channels to move the heat exchange liquid from the condenser to the evaporator. A further embodiment involves multiple longitudinal cells which yield many more capillary channels and increases the structural strength of the deployed heat pipe, while maintaining the large surface area for heat transfer.

Abstract: A container is disclosed for storing a heat storage medium which changes ween solid and fluid states to store and release heat, characterized in that the container includes flexible walls which are displaced to vary the volume of the container in accordance with changes of the volume of the heat storage medium when in the solid state. The container includes at least one biasing device which normally biases the resilient walls toward an inwardly contracted condition for storing a first volume of the heat storage medium in the fluid state. During initial removal of heat from the medium, the medium changes from its fluid to its solid state, and upon further removal of heat from the solid medium, the density of the solid medium increases, thereby resulting in a decrease in the volume of the solid medium with the container remaining in its initial contracted condition.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for efficiently transferring heat from a first fluid body to a second fluid body within a selected container, tank or reservoir, comprising an elongated tubular hoselike plastic body of deformable material wrapped around the container and filled with the first heated fluid, the plastic body being deformable under the pressure of the first fluid so as to conform to the exterior surface of the container whereby more efficient transfer of heat between the fluids is achieved.

Abstract: An improved portable refrigeration apparatus for selectively cooling or heating a limb of a patient or the like, and which includes at least one flexible pad adapted to be wrapped around a bodily limb and which incorporates flexible tubing serving as an evaporator. A separate auxiliary evaporator is positioned downstream of the pad in the cooling mode to insure that all of the refrigerant is evaporated before returning to the compressor. A temperature control system is provided for the pad which, in the cooling mode, includes a by-pass conduit which by-passes the pad, and a temperature controlled valve for selectively opening and closing the by-pass conduit, and so that the refrigerant will flow concurrently through the by-pass conduit and the pad when the valve is opened.

Abstract: An inflatable solar energy collector utilizes flexible materials and is adapted to be inflated by a flow of pressurized gas therethrough. Inflation positions a solar energy collecting panel at an appropriate predetermined angle for effectively collecting solar energy. The solar collector includes an enclosure defining a generally tubular configuration, and the energy collecting panel extends in a planar and chord-like manner through the interior of the enclosure. Wall portions of the enclosure comprise solar radiation transparent material to allow incident solar radiation to pass therethrough onto the energy collecting panel. A second panel of solar radiation transparent material is operatively sealed to the energy collecting panel in selected positions to define a gas conducting conduit extending over the energy collecting panel. A flow of pressurized gas is conducted into the gas conducting conduit and removes the solar radiation absorbed by the energy collecting panel in the form of heat.

Abstract: The invention relates to a slurry-cooled helmet and to a head-cooling system. The helmet includes a hollow shell within which is positioned a plurality of tubes connected between an inlet and a discharge manifold. The manifolds are respectively connected to inlet and outlet means in the helmet shell.

Abstract: A suit for the protection of a wearer's body and head from heat and gas comprises an inner suit adapted to cover the wearer's body and head and having a tubular flow channel therethrough for the passage of a cooling liquid such as silicone. An outermost suit overlies the innermost suit and it has a body covering and a head covering portion. The head covering portion includes a face mask. A heat exchanger is mounted so as to connect into the outermost suit and includes a coolant chamber for containing a vaporizable coolant therein. The vaporizable coolant such as carbon dioxide is maintained under pressure and the cooling liquid is circulated into heat exchange relationship therewith so as to cool down the wearer's body. In addition the device includes a respirator for circulating respiratory air to the face of the wearer which advantageously includes a passage adjacent the heat exchanger so that the incoming air may also be cooled if desired.

Abstract: A printed circuit board package for high density packaging of electronic circuit components is disclosed. The circuit components are cooled by a liquid cooled, cold plate with a compliant mat interface. The interface is made of a heat conductive, electrically insulative compliant structure, such that uniform contact can be made with the circuit components, even if there are differences in the relative heights and shapes of the components.