Abstract: A method of manufacturing a heat exchanger. The method includes additively manufacturing a first body with a first plurality of passages extending through the first body. Additively manufacturing a second body with a second plurality of passages extending through the second body. The method also includes, interlocking the first body with the second body such that the first plurality of passages is aligned with the second plurality of passages and fluidically connected with the second plurality of passages.

Abstract: A liquid cooler device. The liquid cooler device having an interior cavity with a ledge, the ledge segregating the interior cavity into a lower portion for the placement of liquid and an upper portion for the receipt of an upper tray portion. The upper tray portion including a gasket for engagement with the ledge and designed for the dry storage of bulk items within the interior cavity. In use, the device acts as a combination cooler for both liquids and dry items.

Abstract: A machine for making liquid or semi-liquid products, includes: a first processing container for processing a basic liquid or semi-liquid product and defining a processing chamber; a cooling cylinder mounted inside the first container; a second processing container; a connecting duct between the first container and the second container; a dispensing device associated with the first processing container and configured, in a dispensing configuration, to deliver the liquid or semi-liquid product to the outside or, in an inhibiting configuration, to prevent the liquid or semi-liquid product from being dispensed; and a shutoff valve configured, in a closed configuration, to close the connecting duct between the first container and the second container or, in an open configuration, to open the connecting duct between the first container and the second container.

Abstract: An exhaust gas heat exchanger including connection points for the exhaust gas flow, for connecting the exhaust gas heat exchanger to an exhaust gas supply line for supplying a hot exhaust gas and an exhaust gas withdrawal line for withdrawing the exhaust gas flow cooled in the exhaust gas heat exchanger. The exhaust gas flow flows through the exhaust gas heat exchanger in a bundle of exhaust gas guiding pipes in a flow direction. The exhaust gas heat exchanger is provided with at least one coolant supply connection and at least one coolant withdrawal connection. Coolant is guided in a coolant channel in the exhaust gas heat exchanger, inside which it flows around the bundle of exhaust gas guiding pipes. The coolant channel includes at least two regions which differ in terms of the flow direction of the exhaust gas flow by divergent flow directions of the coolant.

Abstract: A heat exchanger manifold comprises a heat exchanger header having a header plate with a periphery, a plurality of tube openings within the header plate portion periphery adapted to connect to tubes of a heat exchanger core, a groove around the periphery of the header plate to receive a foot of a tank, and a fastener base extending inward from the header plate. The manifold includes a heat exchanger tank having an opening for mating with the header, a foot extending substantially around a periphery of the opening which is received in the header groove, and a fastener base extending from an inner surface of the tank. A resilient sealing gasket is positioned between the tank foot and the header groove to seal the tank to the header, and a plurality of tabs extending around the periphery of the header are crimped over the tank foot to make the seal between the header groove and the tank foot.

Abstract: A housing for an air conditioning module, in particular for an air conditioning module of a vehicle, includes a hinged cover for at least one part of the air conditioning module. The hinged cover can be molded in one piece with the housing and the housing can include a living hinge.

Abstract: A device for cooling a gas flow of an internal combustion engine includes a housing, an inlet and an outlet for a gas of the internal combustion engine, which is to be cooled, an inlet and an outlet for a liquid coolant, a heat exchanger for heat transfer between the gas and the coolant, a first wall section of the housing, wherein the first wall section is arranged between the coolant and the gas flow, and a second wall section of the housing, wherein the second wall section is arranged between the coolant and the atmosphere, wherein the first wall section and the second wall section are integrally formed in one piece.

Abstract: Provided is a heat exchanger, heat sink or coldwall having a machined manifold for receiving a plurality of individual, modular micro-channel heat exchanger elements. The manifold further includes a parallel flow network or flow distribution network for distributing a cooling fluid uniformly to all micro-channel heat exchanger elements. Each micro-channel heat exchanger element is individually manufactured and tested prior to integration with the manifold. The design of the micro-channel heat exchanger elements may include a straight fin, a high density fin, lanced offset fin, and perforated offset layers fin configurations.

Abstract: A liquid crystal projector includes a light modulating device, a cooling device, a dehumidification device, and a housing. The light modulating device forms an optical image by modulating light flux emitted from a light source based on image information. The cooling device cools air to be supplied to the light modulating device. The dehumidification device dehumidifies and dries air to be supplied to the corresponding cooling device. The housing includes a cooling medium flow path for circulating air among the light modulating device, the cooling device, and the dehumidification device. The cooling device includes a thermoelectric conversion material interposed between a pair of heat transmission plates arranged to face each other.

Abstract: In a light chamber formed by a housing case and a lens cover of a headlamp assembly, a projection lens and a light source are arranged in order along an optical axis of the light source from a front side of the light chamber. Radiating fins of a plate shape is vertically placed in the light chamber and radiate heat energy generated by the light source. A heat exchange chamber is formed in a ceiling wall of the housing case above the radiating fins. The heat exchange chamber has a concave shape from the ceiling wall of the housing case, and is open toward the radiating fins side.

Abstract: A system and method for cooling heat generating components including an electronics cooling circuit loop having a liquid heat exchanger separable from a main liquid cooling circuit manifold by quick-disconnect fittings. This supports the use of different liquids in the electronics subsystem cooling circuit loop and in the main liquid manifold of the master cooling circuit. Also included are two phase loops and an optional compressor.

Abstract: A device and method are disclosed for producing heated and/or cooled compressed air. The device may include a conventional air compressor, one or more filter stages to dry and purify the compressed air, a heat exchanger assembly including a heat exchanger enclosure with a heat exchange coil surrounded by ice or hot water for cooling or heating the compressed air, and an air distribution manifold to supply the temperature-controlled and filtered air to users. In a preferred embodiment, ice is used to cool the compressed air, and the cooled compressed air is supplied to protective gear worn by athletes to cool the athletes during rest periods.

Abstract: This invention is related to the conservation of energy. The energy sources are limited and energy usage can cause environmental problems. This invention introduces a method of heating which is small and effective. In this method instead of heating the whole house which expensive and at times uncomfortable a limited heated space under a table means covered with a cover means is introduced that allows a person to warm up his/her body. Also, heating a smaller space can be done quickly and uses a limited energy, which is thus more cost-effective. This unit is designed to fold to a smaller unit for easy storage. In this method, an adjustable table means holds an electrical heating means under a cover and allows the person to use that limited space as heating source. The heating means has its control means and thermostat in order to keep the temp in a desired level. The table is very versatile and allows its dimensions to be changed easily so that the user has the option of choosing a size that fits its need.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for a cooling system, suitable for a compact heat exchanging system having a compressor and a radiator by minimizing an occupied volume of the heat exchanger, including a piping structure simplified by integrating a cooling medium injection pipe and a cooling medium exhaust pipe into a single piping structure, thereby preventing water leakage through a pipe connecting portion. Cooling performance of a cooling system having the heat exchanger is improved and thermal efficiency per an electric heat area in the heat exchanger is highly enhanced by disposing a spiral partition between a heat exchanging part, a heat exchanger pipe and a capillarity tube in a main body of the heat exchanger so as to guide a mixed flow of water and cooling medium in the creation of the vortex or swirling motion.

Abstract: A tank for a radiator has an integral connecting member between the tank and the radiator. The integral connecting member is used to connect both a filing port and a ventilation port. The filling port is utilized for adding a liquid to the radiator and the ventilation port is utilized for removing gas from the radiator.

Abstract: A cap assembly for collecting cooling gas from a coolant chamber tube is disclosed. The cap assembly having connecting means and outlet means extending from its side walls being generally shaped and sized for detachable mounting on the body of the cooling gas chamber tube. The cap assembly is also employed in a hot optical fiber process which is being cooled by helium.

Abstract: A refrigeration/rethermalization food service system includes a food service cart having hot and cold chambers for receiving pre-plated foods. A hot air plenum is provided along a sidewall of the cart in the hot chamber, and a cold air plenum is provided along a sidewall of the cold chamber. To rethermalize foods in the hot chamber, heated air is forced into the hot air plenum from a docking station, and the heated air is evenly distributed from the plenum into the hot chamber. To refrigerate foods in the cold chamber, chilled air is forced into the cold air plenum from the docking station, and the chilled air is evenly distributed from the plenum into the cold chamber. The substantially uniformly distributed convective air currents provide substantially even heating and cooling of foods located in all portions of the hot and cold chambers.

Abstract: A heating, ventilation and air conditioning system for a vehicle is constructed from two modules, one for the engine compartment and a second for the passenger compartment. The engine compartment module has a base formed for positioning on at least two locations on a dash panel, a outside air inlet, a secondary air inlet for communication with the passenger compartment, an air outlet and defining a air transport conduit connecting the outside air inlet or the secondary air inlet with the air outlet. Downstream from the engine compartment is a passenger compartment module having a slide slot for a heater core, an inlet for communication with the air outlet from the engine compartment module, an air manifold, a panel exhaust from the air manifold, a defrost exhaust from the air manifold, a compartment door providing access to the slide in friction slot, and an air channel from the inlet to the air manifold. The heater core is positioned in the slide in slot.

Abstract: A heat dissipation assembly includes a heat sink having a base and a plurality of heat dissipation fins disposed on the base, thermal interface material applied to the base opposing the fins, and a cap covering the base. The cap includes a body which shields the thermal interface material, and first and second wings extending from the body. The first wing is rotatable relative to the body to facilitate detaching the cap from the base of the heat sink.

Abstract: A heating, ventilation and air conditioning system for a vehicle is constructed from two modules, one for the engine compartment and a second for the passenger compartment. The engine compartment module has a base formed for positioning on at least two locations on a dash panel, a outside air inlet, a secondary air inlet for communication with the passenger compartment, an air outlet and defining a air transport conduit connecting the outside air inlet or the secondary air inlet with the air outlet. Downstream from the engine compartment is a passenger compartment module having a slide slot for a heater core, an inlet for communication with the air outlet from the engine compartment module, an air manifold, a panel exhaust from the air manifold, a defrost exhaust from the air manifold, a compartment door providing access to the slide in friction slot, and an air channel from the inlet to the air manifold. The heater core is positioned in the slide in slot.

Abstract: A heated transportation container is described. The container consists of at least a body and a lid, the body being generally cuboid and having one or more side walls and a base which together define an internal chamber over which the lid can be placed to close the container. Inside the chamber is disposed a pre-frozen or refrigerated cooling pack to keep the temperature low and in accordance with the invention, a laminar heating, panel is affixed, to at least a portion of the inner surface of one of the side walls and/or to base, said laminar panel comprising an electrically resistive component and electrical connections through which power can be delivered to said laminar panel. Battery powered control circuitry is also provided which communicates with a temperature measuring device disposed within the chamber.

Abstract: A heat-dissipating casing of an electronic apparatus having an input device, an output device, and a printed circuit board connected with the input device and the output device is disclosed. The heat-dissipating casing includes a metal extruded casing having at least four surfaces to form a space, a first opening and a second opening, wherein the space is used for receiving the printed circuit board, a first side plate fixed to the metal extruded casing to cover the first opening and having a first hole for securing the input device, and a second side plate fixed to the metal extruded casing to cover the second opening and having a second hole for securing the output device, thereby dissipating the heat generated from the electronic apparatus and equalizing the surface temperature of the electronic apparatus.

Abstract: A cap assembly for collecting cooling gas from a coolant chamber tube is disclosed. The cap assembly having connecting means and outlet means extending from its side walls being generally shaped and sized for detachable mounting on the body of the cooling gas chamber tube. The cap assembly is also employed in a hot optical fiber process which is being cooled by helium.

Abstract: A Thermal Energy Heat Exchanger, is an air conditioning system, for the exterior unit of a fully assembled and installed heat pump and, or, air conditioning system, by means of a water refrigerant, from a source of water, such as, but not limited to a river, a lake, a pond, a swimming pool, a well, a creek, or an ocean; wherein a flow of water is circulated from the source of water by means of a water pumping device, 25A, under a controlled water pressure 25B, through an intake system of piping 25C, to a plurality of evaporator coils, positioned so as to surround the exterior unit by means of attachment to the inner chamber section of a protective cover enclosure, and through the plurality of evaporator coils, to an Outlet water disposal piping system, 25D; being in effect a heat pump and, or, air conditioner for the exterior unit of a fully assembled and installed heat pump and, or, air conditioning system, by means of a water refrigerant.

Abstract: A heater of a motor vehicle is provided which is operated with liquid fuel. The heater is especially a water heater in the form of an auxiliary heater or parking heater. The heater has a burner and heat exchanger in a housing with a cover, in which the connecting branches for the water feed and air feed and for the water return and the air return are arranged. At least one of the connecting branches is designed as a rotatable elbow branch (rotatable elbow socket). An antirotation lock may be provided for easy individual line guidance requiring little space in the automobile.

Abstract: A working enclosure includes a working chamber whose walls delimit a confinement space for working in and an exterior branch loop for recycling the atmosphere of the confinement space. The branch loop opens at each end into the confinement space and includes means for circulating the atmosphere in the branch loop. The working enclosure includes filter members at each end of the branch loop.

Abstract: A portable housing holds a quantity of ice and the melt water from the ice or cooled water or cooled liquid is circulated through a heat exchanger. A blower circulates air from the room through the heat exchanger and back into the room for cooling the room. The housing includes a relatively large chamber for holding the ice and a relatively smaller chamber in which the blower is disposed. Melt water from the ice, or cooled water or cooled liquid, is pumped through the heat exchanger and from the heat exchanger the liquid flows by gravity back to the ice and water chamber.

Abstract: A case for a hydrogen absorption indirect heat exchanger of the present invention includes a square cylindrical portion 11 having each portion thereof formed integrally by die-casting or extrusion molding. The corners 11a of this square cylindrical portion 11 and the center portion of its side 11b are shaped to a greater thickness than that of other portions. The weight of the case can be reduced while the case powder capacity is secured.

Abstract: A portable housing holds a quantity of ice and water and the water is circulated through a heat exchanger. A blower circulates air from the room in which the housing is disposed through the heat exchanger and back into the room for cooling the room. The housing includes a relatively large chamber for holding the ice and a relatively smaller chamber in which the blower and the heat exchanger are disposed. Melt water from the ice, or cooled water or cooled liquid, is pumped through the heat exchanger and from the heat exchanger the liquid flows by gravity back to the ice and water chamber.

Abstract: A vehicle air conditioning system includes a space air conditioning unit for blowing conditioned air into a passenger compartment, a seat air conditioning unit for blowing air into a vehicle seat, and a control unit for controlling the space air conditioning unit and the seat air conditioning unit. The control unit includes space controlling means for controlling the space air conditioning unit in accordance with a space control value calculated based on a space target air temperature, and seat controlling means for controlling the seat air conditioning unit in accordance with a seat control value calculated based on the space target air temperature. Further, the seat controlling means includes a first seat air conditioning means which determines the seat control value in a steady air conditioning state of the passenger compartment, and a second seat air-conditioning means which determines the seat control value in a transition air-conditioning state of the passenger compartment.

Abstract: An air conditioning apparatus for a vehicle includes a blower case for accommodating a blower, an air conditioning case for accommodating an evaporator and a heater core, and a middle duct detachably connected to both the blower case and the air conditioning case. The air conditioning case is disposed at a side of the blower case to form a space having a predetermined distance therebetween, the evaporator is disposed in the air conditioning case approximately horizontally, and the heater core is disposed approximately horizontally at an upper side of the evaporator. Further, a receiving portion for supporting the evaporator is formed on an inner surface of the middle duct. In the air conditioning apparatus, the evaporator can be taken out from the air conditioning case to the space between the air conditioning case and the blower case by the detachment of the middle duct from the blower case and the air conditioning case, while the blower case and the air conditioning case are installed in the vehicle.

Abstract: A new and improved portable, immersible heat exchanger apparatus is provided for immersion into a quantity of material that is to cooled or heated. The apparatus includes a continuous copper tube assembly which is comprised of a straight, horizontal handle portion, a helically coiled immersion portion, and a vertically oriented, hook-shaped hanger portion. The top end of the immersion portion is connected to the handle portion; and the bottom end of the immersion portion is connected to the hanger portion. In use, the immersion portion is immersed in the material that is to undergo heat exchange. Tap water from a faucet is passed through the tube assembly to serve as a medium for heat exchange. The water enters the tube assembly at the handle portion, runs through the handle portion, the immersion portion, and the hanger portion, and exits from the end of the hanger portion. A flexible hose connects the handle portion to the water faucet.

Abstract: The cylindrical enclosure 12 of a recuperator 10 as in FIG. 2 contains an annular coaxial heat exchanger 50 full of cooling liquid 22 circulating therethrough. Exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine flows from an inlet end 32 through the heat exchanger 50, first in an axial region 15 via a conduit 14, then back through a surrounding annular region 18, then through tubes 37 to an outlet end 34. The inlet 30 and outlet 31 for the gas are in the side wall 40 of the cylindrical body 12, and the exhaust gas 11 enters and leaves via conduits 14 and 19 that are perpendicular to the side wall 40 at the inlet 30 and at the outlet 31. So the ends 41 and 42 of the body 12 are free of adjacent obstruction, and at least one of them is removable, as in FIG. 4 or FIG. 5 . Thus, the recuperator 10 can be opened and closed to make the interior accessible for inspection, cleaning, or other desired purpose.

Abstract: The present invention is an air conditioner with tangential blowers having a removable air handling module. The air conditioner housing includes indoor and outdoor heat exchangers between which the air handling module is disposed. The module is easily inserted or removed from the air conditioner housing because the module is self contained and the air conditioner housing has ample access space. The module includes two tangential blowers disposed between opposite sidewalls which are arranged to draw air through the indoor and outdoor heat exchangers. On one sidewall, a motor is mounted which is drivingly connected to the tangential blowers. The other sidewall includes an opening covered by a removable panel which provides access to the blowers in the interior of the module.

Abstract: The present arrangement includes a removable, sealable plate located over a port in the side of a vacuum furnace chamber, which port lies opposite a heat exchange device. The heat exchanger is mounted on guide devices to enable it to be slideably withdrawn from the furnace chamber without causing injury to any other furnace parts located within the vacuum furnace chamber, such as the hot zone. The removable, sealable plate has major apertures therethrough to permit coolant pipes (eq. water pipes) to pass therethrough. Such feedthrough coolant pipes are sealed to provide integrity for the vacuum condition of the furnace. In addition the present arrangement includes a second sealable, removable plate located on a bonnet device which houses a fan motor. The grease fittings for such a fan motor are elongated and are accessible when the second plate is removed.

Abstract: The independent unit for heat exchange particularly for the ventilation of a room or premises is configured like a box (12) wherein are formed two passages (40 and 42) having an undulated shape and wherein circulate in counter-current air drawn in the room and rejected to the outside and outer air introduced into the room. The invention applies particularly to the ventilation and air conditioning of the premises or rooms of a building.

Abstract: Water reservoir device for a radiator of an automobile, comprising a water reservoir (12) communicating with an external appended receptacle (14) which contains an oil exchanger (16), the inlet and discharge pipes (58) of this exchanger passing in a sealed manner through a wall (44) of the appended receptacle and serving for the fixation and maintenance of the oil exchanger in the appended receptacle.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a plate heat exchanger comprising several heat exchange plates arranged between two end plates (30), at least one of which has through-ports (31) and a side surface (36) facing the heat exchange plates, which is unmachined around the ports (31). At least one of said ports is provided with a cover (32) preventing through-flow. According to the invention said cover (32) is applied against the side surface (36) of the end plate (30) facing the heat exchange plate, and comprises at least two cooperating parts, a first thin part (33) abutting said side surface (36) and a second thick part (35) mainly placed within and essentially covering said port (31). Said first part (33) is dimensioned to withstand shearing forces and said second part (35) is dimensioned to withstand bending forces acting on the cover (32) as a result of an internal pressure in the plate heat exchanger.

Abstract: An impact resistant compact condenser comprising a plastic shell having two side walls enclosing at least one heat transfer disc disposed between said side walls dividing the shell into at least one cooling cell and at least one vapor cell. Means are provided for retaining said disc in sealed abutment against said end walls of said side walls, each of said cells having an inlet port and an outlet port.

Abstract: Convection cooler for cooling a gas produced under elevated pressure in a gasification reactor. The cooler has a pressure-tight jacket provided with a removable cover. Within the jacket there is an insert arranged spaced apart therefrom. The insert has tubes joined in gastight manner to each other by way of webs. Contact heating surfaces are arranged in the insert which is supported on the pressure jacket. The insert is closed at its upper end by way of a ceiling constructed of tubes. The contact heating surfaces are joined to support tubes. The upper ends of the contact heating surfaces and the support tubes are passed through the ceiling. The support tubes, the contact heating surfaces, and the ceiling are suspended from the cover independently of the insert. Wall soot blowers are arranged fixedly superimposed at several levels in the insert.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the induction heating of a metallic material comprising the steps of forming the material into a desired shape, passing the formed material in heat exchange relationship with an induction heating means, passing the heated material directly from the induction heating means into the reaction chamber of a cooling shroud at a temperature above its lowest reaction temperature, delivering hydrogen gas and an inert gas into the reaction chamber of the cooling shroud to expose the material entering the reaction chamber to this gas mixture so as to reduce the surface oxidation on the material, cooling the material in the reaction chamber while exposing the surface thereof to the inert gas, and passing the material from the cooling shroud at a reduced temperature which is less than the reaction temperature of the material whereby the formation of heavy surface oxides is eliminated and the material has a workable hardness.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for introducing a mobile positioning body onto a tube plate of a steam generator through a manhole.The device comprises two substantially parallel rails essentially shaped like a curved angle plate, whereby a trolley can slide along the rails and on which can be placed the said moving body. During the introduction of the moving body, the device is provisionally fixed to the tube plate by lugs and to the inner face of the manhole by a pedal maintained in place by a spring.Application to the inspection of steam generator tubes.

Abstract: A waterbox for a shell and tube heat exchanger is disclosed. The waterbox is attached at one end of the heat exchanger to a tube sheet through which heat exchange tubes extend. Nozzle connections are made to the waterbox through a top member having an access opening which projects onto an area of the tube sheet through which the heat exchange tubes extend. The openings of the nozzles project onto areas on the tube sheet through which no heat exchange tubes extend. A removable cover is positioned over the access opening in the top member so that, when fluid flow conduits are connected to the nozzles on the top member, the conduits and removable cover are positioned relative to each other to allow removal of the cover without disturbing the connections between the conduits and the nozzles. In an alternative embodiment, the conduit connections are made through the back wall of the tube sheet rather than through the top member. This allows use of a waterbox with a removable top member having no nozzles.

Abstract: The heat exchanger includes a cylindrical pressure vessel in which a faller column having heat exchange surfaces and at least one riser column having further heat exchange surfaces are mounted. The riser column walls extend around the walls of the faller column. The top part of the pressure vessel is connected to a bottom part in a dis-connectable manner with the riser column walls being suspended in the bottom part. The walls of the faller column with all the heating surfaces disposed therein can be withdrawn from the space around which the riser column walls extend for servicing.

Abstract: Heat-treating apparatus for prolonging the life of a pressure vessel formed of thermally resistant material subject to time-dependent structural changes due to neutron flux includes a heating device positionable within a pressure vessel adjacent to a wall portion thereof which is to be heat-treated; and a mounting support for the heating device including a hollow substantially cylindrical mounting member. Also included is a support for the mounting member by which the latter is insertable into and removable from the pressure vessel through an opening in the pressure vessel. The apparatus additionally includes a device for flooding the interior of the pressure vessel with protective liquid preparatory to inserting and removing the mounting member and the heating device from the pressure vessel, and a device for draining the protective liquid from the interior of the pressure vessel prior to actuation of the heating device for heating the adjacent wall portion.

Abstract: A plate heat exchanger comprises a laterally arranged cylindrical container having an inlet and outlet for one of both media and those for the other medium and opening at one end, a plurality of heat exchange units each including a pair of opposite frames and a pack of plate elements therebetween and being inserted in sequence into the container, and a press lid attached to said one opening end of container under condition of thrusting said plurality of heat exchange units. The plate elements are clamped face to face through surrounding sealing surrounding sealing strips respectively to form between the plates interspaces through which the media flow. Every second interspace among the interspaces is closed with respect to the space within the container and communicates with said inlet and outlet for said one medium.

Abstract: A heat pipe recuperator for recovering heat from flue gas stacks is disclosed. The recuperator consists of a toroidal shell forming a fluid heating chamber having inlet and outlet fluid circulating ports. A plurality of heat pipes are mounted within the chamber and are attached to the inner wall of the shell such that the condensor sides of the pipe reside within the shell and the evaporator sides extend outside the shell into the center of the toroid. The recuperator is positioned in a flue gas stack wherein the hot flue gas stream contacts the heat pipes which transfer heat into the fluid heating chamber. Fluid, gas or liquid, is passed through the chamber resulting in a rise in temperature of the fluid.

Abstract: A solar energy collector comprising a pair of manifolds for coupling one or more solar energy collectors thereto. The manifolds are provided with connectors including "O" ring sealing means for slideably receiving and connecting the open ends of collector tubes thereto.The manifolds are maintained within housings filled with foam insulation means for supporting the manifolds within the housings. Mounting brackets are coupled to the housings for facilitating securement of the housings to any suitable supporting surface. The housings and their respective manifolds are designed and arranged so as to facilitate simple and rapid installation, removal and reassembly of the collector tubes and may be spaced so as to accommodate tubes of varying lengths.

Abstract: Apparatus for creating and maintaining an ice slab for skating purposes, or an ice chute for a toboggan slide, or for maintaining a layer of snow for skiing. The apparatus includes pluralities of small diameter flexible plastic tubes arranged in grids in portable mats with the tubes placed close to one another and arranged with each input or supply tube portion closely adjacent to an outlet or return tube portion providing an advantageous uniform temperature effect at a small distance above the tubes. A low temperature anti-freeze liquid is pumped through the tubes to provide the desired uniform cooling effect, and the portable mats each include a pair of sub-headers which can conveniently be coupled together with main headers to form a large grid the size of an ice skating rink, or a ski slope.

Abstract: A heat exchanger comparising a shell attached at its open end to one side of a tube sheet and a detachable head connected to the other side of said tube sheet. The head is divided into a first and second chamber in fluid communication with a nozzle inlet and nozzle outlet, respectively, formed in said tube sheet. A tube bundle is mounted within said shell and is provided with inlets and outlets formed in said tube sheet in communication with said first and second chambers, respectively.