Abstract: An air radiator cooling tower comprising a piping system for the supply and removal of water circulating in cooled tubular elements joined into groups by means of tubular girders, an exhaust tower for the circulation of cooling air, and a device for the excitation of oscillations transmitted through direct contact over the surface of the tubular elements and/or the water being cooled.The proposed air radiator cooling tower may be employed in power engineering for cooling condensers at steam power stations.

Abstract: In one exemplary embodiment, the efficiency of an acoustic-energy-type cleaner for vessels, such as heat exchangers, is substantially increased by propagating through the fluid in the vessel, a plurality of opposing acoustic wave trains, and continuously varying at least the frequency or phase relationship of said opposing wave trains for causing constructive interference between said opposing acoustic waves to create a series of augmented acoustic waves that are spatially displaced in relation to each other and successive in time interval for sweeping over the surfaces of the body to be cleaned.

Abstract: A method of disrupting vapor films formed in film boiling in boilers, in which method transient electrical discharges are effected either in the boiler liquid or in a body of liquid in acoustic communication with the boiler liquid. The electrical discharges are effected at one or more selected locations in the boiler to produce shock waves which act on surfaces of the boiler liquid space where vapor films are to be disrupted. By disrupting such vapor films there is enabled an improvement in the heat transfer rates per unit area across the interface between the fire space and the liquid space of a boiler. There are also disclosed various arrangements in boilers for generating these shock waves. Electrical discharges may be effected between a pair of electrodes mounted in the boiler or between an electrode and an adjacent wall of the boiler, and several mounting configurations for electrodes in boilers are described.

Abstract: In a heating and mixing apparatus having an elongated cavity and a plurality of heating tubes extending along the length of the cavity, the improvement comprises at least one supporting member for the tubes and lying across the cavity along a plane approximately normal to the axis of the tubes and having a plurality of orifices through which the tubes extend. The support member has at least one opening therein to allow composition to pass therethrough, and preferably a plurality of the supports are spaced along the drum and disposed so that the openings of adjacent supports are not aligned with one another, thereby acting as temporary barriers for the composition as it is drawn gravitationally from one end of the apparatus to the other during heating and mixing process.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating any type of organic waste such as sewage, garbage, weeds and surplus crops to convert them into useful products, having a treatment tank or plurality of such tanks, a conduit circuit for carrying a heating fluid therethrough; vibrators to vibrate the conduit to homogenize and mix the tank contents, a furnace for supplying heat to the conduit circuit with the fuel for the furnace being the gaseous product recovered from the treatment tank or tanks, and solar cells and microwave heating units to balance and maintain the supply of heat when the fuel supply to the furnace is low. Radiation diffusers may be positioned about the tank or tanks to assist in the conversion process.

Abstract: A Teflon tube is loosely fitted into a guide passageway in a metallic heat transfer member. The tube has a water inlet at one end and an outlet at its other end. One end of the tube extends freely from an end of the passageway and the tube is movable both linearly and diametrically in the passageway so that the tube can expand both in length and cross sectional area independently of the heat transfer member. The tube has a coefficient of expansion greater than that of the heat transfer member whereby the expansion and contraction of the tube as its temperature fluctuates loosens deposited salt crystals from the surface of the tube for expulsion by the water passing therethrough. The heat transfer member may be either directly or indirectly electrically heated. The space between the tube and passageway wall may be filled with a heat conductive material which is liquid at the operating temperature of the heat transfer member.

Abstract: Heat exchanger tubes exposed to high-temperature gases from which dust or scale is deposited on the tubes are subjected to forces applied at the resonant frequency of the tube array to remove deposits on the tube surfaces.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel tubular heat exchanger of the type subjected to hot gases and employs rappers to dislodge particulate material adhering to tubes of the exchanger. At least two parallel rows of serpentine tubes are positioned within a hot gas duct and are so arranged that the upper and lower loops define in a direction transverse to the rows of tube, parallel upper and lower loops. The rows are flexibly suspended at their upper ends. First knocker plates are positioned on opposed transverse faces of the upper loops and in a like manner, second knocker plates are positioned on the bottom loops. At least one rapping rod is positioned intermediate the upper and lower loops and extends between the tubes in the transverse direction. Raping of the tubes causes adjacent tubes to rap one another at their upper and lower loops. Relatively uniform rapping along the full vertical component of the tubes is achieved.

Abstract: This application discloses an apparatus for detecting leaks or thin spots in condenser tubes by means of ultra-sonic radiations. A number of ultrasonic generators is placed within the chamber or enclosure of the tubes of a condenser, and the generators transmit ultrasonic waves to flood the chamber with energy. A detector sensitive to the frequency of the ultrasonic waves is scanned over the open ends of the condenser tubes. When the detector is at the end of a tube having a hole or thin spot, the intensity of vibrations picked up by the detector will be relatively high, and thus the defective tube is located. A condenser particularly adapted to testing of the tubes thereof by this method is also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to devices for cleaning the surfaces of pipes, and, in one embodiment particularly useful for cleaning the surfaces of suspended pipe coils in boilers, comprises a drive-cylinder actuated, two-armed lever, interconnected with the pipes to be cleaned by means of upper and lower connectors, wherein the arms of the lever are unequal in length and the distance c of its pivot point below the suspension level of the pipe coils with which it is associated, is equal to 2ab/(a+b),Where a is the distance of the upper connector from said suspension level and b is the distance therefrom of the lower connector.