Abstract: This turbocharger (10A) is provided with: a nozzle flow passage (35) for radially inwardly guiding gas from a scroll flow passage (34) and supplying the gas to a turbine wheel (12); and a nozzle mount (51) provided on the bearing housing (16) side of the nozzle flow passage (35). The turbocharger (10A) is further provided with: a vane (53) for adjusting the amount of introduced gas in the nozzle flow passage (35); and a heat shielding part (80) for minimizing heat transfer across the nozzle mount (51) from the turbine housing (31) side to the bearing housing (16) side.

Abstract: Systems and methods for radiative cooling and heating are provided. For example, systems for radiative cooling can include a top layer including one or more polymers, where the top layer has high emissivity in at least a portion of the thermal spectrum and an electromagnetic extinction coefficient of approximately zero, absorptivity of approximately zero, and high transmittance in at least a portion of the solar spectrum, and further include a reflective layer including one or more metals, where the reflective layer has high reflectivity in at least a portion of the solar spectrum.

Abstract: Includes a low flow-rate region (R2) that is disposed on an upstream side of a combustion region (R1) within a second pipe (2), and that has a relatively slow flow-rate of combustion gas (G1) within the second pipe, and a flame kernel formation unit (3a) is disposed in the low flow-rate region.

Abstract: Reversible thermal rectifiers for selectively controlling the direction of heat flow include a plurality of asymmetrically shaped objects disposed in a fluid medium, wherein each of the plurality of asymmetrically shaped objects include a refractive side and a reflective side such that heat flows past the plurality of asymmetrically shaped objects when approaching from the refractive side, and heat is reflected from the plurality of asymmetrically shaped objects when approaching from the reflective side, and a bidirectional field actuator system that selectively orients the plurality of asymmetrically shaped objects between a first orientation, wherein the reflective sides of the plurality of asymmetrically shaped objects face a first direction, and a second orientation, wherein the reflective sides of the plurality of asymmetrically shaped objects face a second direction, substantially opposite the first direction.

Abstract: A towel dryer includes an aluminum body having an outer surface that supports a towel to be dried. The surface has a degree of reflectance of not less than 80% for more efficient transfer of heat from the body to the towel. The outer body surface is an oxidized surface to resist corrosion, and a clear coating may be provided over the surface.

Abstract: A slot impingement cooler is formed of a plurality of sets of foils in a stacked and registered array. In each set of foils, a first foil has supply slots that direct a flow of coolant, a second foil has a plurality of effective light-trap cavities, a third foil has return slots that return the flow of coolant, and an optional fourth foil has a plurality of effective light-trap cavities. The foils have registered supply manifold openings and registered return manifold openings therethrough.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heating element comprising a base body (4) made of metal, preferably aluminum or stainless steel, the surface (10) of which is highly polished and corrosion resistant.

Abstract: Hot combustion products exchange heat with air in a heat exchanger of a condensing furnace. The hot combustion products flow on one side of the heat exchanger, and the air flows on the opposing side of the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is electrochemically coated with a coating of copper metal. The copper coating is oxidized with an aqueous oxidizing alkaline solution to form a matte black layer of cupric oxide. As the layer of cupric oxide is black, the layer has a high emissivity and emits more heat, increasing the efficiency of the primary heat exchanger. Alternatively, iron can be electrochemically coated on the primary heat exchanger and oxidized to black magnetite to increase emissivity.

Abstract: A cooking heat absorber comprising a radiator assembly for absorbing heat radiated from a cooking surface and from a flue riser, on commercial surface cooking equipment and a tank assembly for holding a fluid and circulating the fluid through the radiator assembly to cool the radiator assembly and warm the fluid. The cooled radiator assembly reduces the amount of radiant heat dispersed from the surface cooking equipment and maintains a more comfortable temperature in a commercial kitchen. The tank assembly includes conduits to supply the warmed fluid, which may be water, to a water heater for reducing the energy requirements of the water heater. The tank assembly circulates a stored quantity of fluid through the radiator assembly, where the fluid is warmed, independent of any use of water from the water heater.

Abstract: A heat radiating structure of an interior member is provided with a heat radiating portion adapted to be applied to a vehicle and disposed on a rear surface of an interior member whose surface is adapted to be applied with external energy, a heat receiving and radiating portion connected to a vehicle body of the vehicle, and a reflecting member allowing heat radiation, radiating from the heat radiating portion to an inside of the interior member, to be reflected and propagated to the heat receiving and radiating portion. The reflecting member cooperates with the heat radiating portion and the heat receiving and radiating portion to define a closed space.

Abstract: The present invention intends to provide a cathode ray tube capable of preventing a rise in temperature of the deflection yoke efficiently, without increasing the size of a display device. To do so, in the cathode ray tube of the invention, a part of a heat radiator, which is made up of filaments, is attached to a cone part of a horizontal deflection coil so that heat is exchanged between the heat radiator and the horizontal deflection coil, while the other part of the heat radiator extends outside of the deflection yoke. The heat radiator is formed from a plurality of copper wires arranged in parallel to each other in the form of a strip. The copper wires are 0.24 mm in diameter and coated with insulation.

Abstract: In order to cool a room, a cooling element fitted in the ceiling region is cooled to below the freezing point, preferably to about −40° C., during the cooling phases so that condensate forming thereon freezes immediately. During regeneration phases when the room is not in use, the cooling element is defrosted and the melted condensate is caught in a condensate tray beneath the cooling element and drained via a discharge. The great temperature difference between the room to be cooled and the cooling element also makes it possible to obtain a strong cooling effect with a small cooling element, especially by indirect radiation exchange between the room and the cooling element via an intermediate ceiling. The air in the room is also dehumidified since water vapor is deposited on and bonded to the cooling element in the form of ice.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for efficiently preheating glass batch utilizing waste gas from a glass melting furnace is provided. In a method and apparatus for preheating glass batch utilizing hot waste gas discharged from a glass melting furnace before glass batch is inputted thereto, a heat exchanger 30A for heating heat medium gas located in a waste gas flue 12A and a glass batch preheater 20A located on the upstream side of a batch input port 11A are communicated by means of an inline duct 31A and an outline duct 32A to form a heat medium gas circulating circuit. Clean gas having heat radiation intensity in the infrared ray wavelength range such as carbon dioxide or water vapor is enclosed in the circuit as the heat medium and is forced to endlessly circulate and go round in the circuit by a blower 33A located in the outline duct thereby to preheat glass batch and, at the same time, to cool hot waste gas to appropriate temperature.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heater (1) for use in a room of a dwelling, preferably with a convection surface (3) and, in the case, for example, of a hot-water heater, with a water tank with an inlet and an outlet aperture. To obtain a design more advantageous concerning the use, the heater according to the invention has a separate closed storage chamber (7) containing a latent heat storage medium (8), the storage chamber (7) being heatable by radiation, convection or electrically.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and composition for on-line treatment of furnace walls that are subject to deposition of highly reflective ash. The method involves exposing the walls to a darkening agent, or a combination of a darkening agent and a fluxing agent. The darkening agent, or the combined darkening agent and fluxing agent, may be mixed with the coal before it enters the boiler. Preferably, the appropriate walls of the boiler are treated directly with the darkening agent. A preferred embodiment involves direct application of the darkening agent to the water wall.

Abstract: A heat radiating board and a method for cooling by utilizing the same based on a novel principle of heat gradient. The heat radiating board, which is disposed between a high temperature zone and a low temperature zone, consists of a metal plate and a heat gradient-forming layer laminated on the surface thereof facing the low temperature zone, this heat gradient-forming layer being formed from a heat conductive material having a heat volume and an absorption of heat of radiation smaller than the metal plate.

Abstract: Natural gas pipelines typically employ an underground large diameter pipe, on the order of about 42 inches in diameter, to conduct natural gas from a gas field to a place of consumption or to a shipping terminal. Compressor stations disposed along the pipeline compress the gas to maintain an acceptable rate of flow along the line. The compressing process heats the gas in the pipeline, and the heat is gradually lost to the ground along the length of the line. The present invention discloses a system and method for the recovery of such waste heat from a pipeline in which one or more recovery tubes or coils disposed underground, above or alongside the pipeline, carries a heat transfer fluid which collects the waste heat from the pipeline itself by a radiant transfer mechanism. The system may include a manifold and pumping system to utilize the heated heat transfer fluid to heat greenhouses, fish ponds, houses, and other facilities.

Abstract: A radiator member for efficiently releasing heat to the surrounding area. Cordierite powder and copper powder are mixed in a base material of dimethyl silicone. Near one surface of the radiator member the mixture ratio of copper powder is increased, while in the opposite surface the mixture ratio of cordierite powder is increased. By bringing the surface of the radiator member, containing a larger ratio of copper powder in contact with a heat generating element, heat from the heat generating element can be quickly conducted through the highly conductive copper powder. The cordierite powder, which is heated by heat transmitted through the copper powder from the heat generating element, converts the heat into far infrared rays, and then releases the rays to the atmosphere. Heat is thus efficiently released to the surrounding area.

Abstract: A passive temperature regulating system for cooling a structure exposed to extreme heat and a method for manufacturing the temperature regulator system. The system comprises at least one temperature regulator integrally formed to the roof of the structure. The temperature regulator is manufactured from a mold having a lower mold portion removably attached to an upper wall. The upper wall has an uneven lower surface and is adapted to be part of the roof. A resinous material is molded within the mold to form a container. After cooling, the lower portion is removed and the container remains an integral part of the upper wall because the melted plastic has conformed to the uneven lower surface of the upper wall. Thus, the container will remain in intimate contact with the roof, thereby supporting it own weight and eliminating the need for an expensive support system.

Abstract: The graphite-epoxy heat sink and mounting structure is comprised of a mounting structure constructed of a graphite-epoxy material that is mounted around a heat generating pressure vessel located inside a spacecraft. The mounting structure is a graphite-epoxy structure having three segments. The first and third segments are a graphite-epoxy material with a high thermal conductivity but not necessarily capable of withstanding structural stresses. Between these thermal conductive segments is a segment of graphite-epoxy material capable of withstanding structural stresses to provide a structural integrity for the mounting structure. The thermal energy flows from the pressure vessel, through the thermal conductive layer to a shear panel of the spacecraft that radiates the thermal energy.

Abstract: A spacecraft adapted for operation in a low inclination angle earth orbit comprises north, south, east and west panels defining a spacecraft interior volume. The north and south panels are oppositely disposed with respect to each other and the east and west panels are oppositely disposed with respect to each other. The spacecraft interior volume generally and preferably lacks structural elements that substantially restrict thermal radiation among the panels. The north and south panels, to which spacecraft equipment is usually mounted, each include conductive heat pipes for reducing the temperature differences across each panel. The exterior surfaces of the north, south, east and west panels have a covering, preferably of optical solar reflectors (OSRs), for radiating thermal energy therefrom, wherein the OSRs have a solar absorptivity that is substantially less than their thermal emissivity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heating and cooling arrangement with which the occurrence of sweat water at particular sites can be prevented. To this end a carrier is provided in which is disposed a pipe or tube system which transports a heating or cooling fluid. The temperature of the cooling fluid is given off to the carrier and radiated into the room. Below the carrier is located a sweat water channel connected mechanically with this carrier. In order to achieve a thermal separation between carrier and channel a heat resistance with a given heat insulation value is provided between the two or the channel is layed out so that it has on its underside a thermal insulator.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for a spacecraft utilizes a droplet radiator, whereby the droplet collector has the shape of a rotation symmetrical ring body that is rotatable about a central rotational axis. Preferably, the rotation symmetric ring body has the shape of a wheel, whereby the droplet generator is arranged near the rotational axis of symmetry and the collector forms a wheel rim. The return flow of the coolant takes place either through the spokes of the wheel which connect the droplet collector wheel rim to the hub or through a separate suction conduit. A secondary coolant flow circuit may be integrated into the droplet collector.

Abstract: A passive thermal control system for use in a spacecraft or satellite. The system uses at least two heat pipe and radiator systems connected to a heat generating load of the spacecraft. The radiators are located at different sides of the spacecraft. The heat pipes can be prevented from transferring heat from the radiators to the heat generating load such that a first radiator can be exposed to heat from sunlight while the second radiator and heat pipe can still operate to remove heat from the heat generating load.

Abstract: A high temperature fluid-to-fluid heat exchanger is described wherein heat is transferred from a higher temperature fluid flow core region to a lower temperature fluid flow annulus. The wall separating the high and low temperature fluid flow regions is comprised of a material having high thermal absorptivity, conductivity and emissivity to provide a high rate of heat transfer between the two regions. A porous ceramic foam material occupies a substantial portion of the annular lower temperature fluid flow region, and is positioned to receive radiated heat from the wall. The porosity of the ceramic foam material is sufficient to permit a predetermined relatively unrestricted flow rate of fluid through the lower temperature fluid flow region.

Abstract: Heat radiation tubes for furnaces and the like heating devices, mainly for industrial processes.Heating can be obtained by electrical heating elements or by combustion for example of gas. The radiation tube is a circular tube having end walls, flanges etc. as required.The radiation tube is a seam-less tube made from iron-chromium-aluminum thereby greatly reducing oxide spalling and enhancing strength thereof at high temperatures. Preferably the tubes are made by extrusion whereby conditions are chosen to provide a rough surface with grooves and ridges which further improves the adhesion of the oxide layer.

Abstract: The MTS radiator consists of planar arrays of micro-tube strip modules, each of which contain two or three rows of about 200 properly spaced microtubes per row. The three-dimensional tubular titanium structure with support members between microtubes maximizes stiffness and strength per mass. The working fluid--typically hydrogen at 0.1 to 1 MPa--circulates through the microtubes, and most of the radiation occurs from their walls, which are only 0.2 to 0.4 mm thick. This allows specific mass below 1 kg/m.sup.2. The operating temperature range is typically 200-650 K. The radiator's radiating surface comprises a heavily oxidized, metal alloy with a corrosion resistant, refractory alloy film deposited on it.

Abstract: A unique structure for constructing the emissive patch of a spaceborne radiative cooler is shown. The structure has very high emissivity for all angles up to a designed-in maximum angle and near zero emissivity for greater angles. The structure also allows the use of high emissivity, nonconducting paints while fully complying with the NASA Electrostatic Discharge Susceptibility requirements for spacecraft. To accomplish these tasks, two previous disadvantages of prior art methods are addressed; eliminating background thermal radiation sources and problems concerning the high emissivity paints used in association with the black body radiator. A reflector consisting of an array of parabolic concentrators is separated from a black body element by an electrically conductive spacer. The concentrators serve to limit the field of view while the conductive spacer eliminates the need to use a conductive paint on the emissive element.

Abstract: An air conditioning system in accordance with the present invention is disclosed which has a radiation plate including a radiation surface facing a room area. A column of air that is either cooled or heated by a heat exchanger in an indoor unit of the present air conditioning system, is directed to flow along the radiation surface of the radiation plate. The room area is then either cooled or heated by radiant energy using the radiation properties of the radiation surface.

Abstract: A radiant tube heater is provided for a gas fired burner which fires heated products of combustion into an inner longitudinally-extending tube which is concentrically pinned to an outer longitudinally-extending tube which in turn is concentrically mounted within a heat transfer, tube which radiates heat to work. The outer and inner transfer tubes have closed axial ends opposite the burner and the inner tube is radially spaced closely adjacent the outer tube to define an annular heat transfer passage therebetween. A specific hole size pattern in the inner and outer tubes in combination with the radial distance of the heat transfer passage insure long path gas flow lengths which promote laminar flow and even heat distribution along the length thereof thus producing a radiant tube which radiates heat uniformly from the heat transfer tube to the work along its length.

Abstract: A cooling system including a cooling duct adjacent to the hot air duct of an air heater. The cooling duct includes a first wall and a second wall spaced from the first wall such that a passageway is formed therebetween. A wire mesh sheet is arranged in the duct passageway. The wire mesh sheet comprises a plurality of layers of wire mesh and has an undulate configuration which together with its density prevents substantial heat radiation from the first wall of the cooling duct to the second wall without significantly impeding airflow through the cooling duct. Cooling air introduced into the cooling duct flows through the duct, removes heat, radiated by the first wall and absorbed by the wire mesh sheet, and carries that heat away from the duct as it exits through the outlet opening. In this way, the system cools the first wall and prevents any significant heat transfer to the second wall of the cooling duct and elements in the vicinity thereof.

Abstract: A heat pipe radiator coating of a fibrous material provides protection for the radiator, such as a heat pipe, pumped loop, etc., while allowing good emissivity and heat rejection. Fibers are constructed from fiberglass, glass, quartz, saphire, diamond, carbon carbon, tantalum, stainless steel, aluminum, beryllium, and copper, and may be coated with a variety of metallic materials.

Abstract: An apparatus for rejecting waste heat from a system located on or near the lunar equator which utilizes a reflective catenary shaped trough deployed about a vertical radiator to shade the radiator from heat (i.e., infrared radiation) emitted by the hot lunar surface. The catenary shaped trough is constructed from a film material and is aligned relative to the sun so that incoming solar energy is focused to a line just above the vertical radiator and thereby isolate the radiator from the effects of direct sunlight.The film is in a collapsed position between side by side support rods, all of which are in a transport case. To deploy the film and support rods, a set of parallel tracks running perpendicular to length of the support rods are extended out from the transport case.

Abstract: A temperature regulating system that includes an enclosure having at least one temperature regulator including a container coupled to the ceiling of the enclosure and having an upper wall, a lower wall and an intermediate section that form a chamber which houses insulation and is filled with water provides a cooling system independent of external power. The insulation is positioned adjacent to the upper wall of the container and includes an upper surface facing the container's upper wall. The area of the upper surface of the insulation is approximately equal to the effective heat transfer area of the interior surface of the container. The insulation forms passages that provide fluid flow communication between the upper and lower walls of the container. With this construction relatively cold water, chilled by cool surroundings, e.g.

Abstract: Disclosed is an advantageous system for heat rejection especially useful in the space environment.

Abstract: A ceramic heating plate which comprises a planar body including a ceramic substratum covered with a far-infrared ceramic layer on the top surface; a heating sheet attached to the back surface of the substratum, the heating sheet including a pair of lead terminals through which the heating plate is connected to a source of power; and wherein the ceramic layer contains a single layer of ceramic particles exposed above the surface thereof so that far-infrared rays are radiated outside directly therefrom.

Abstract: A liquid droplet radiation centrifugal collector apparatus utilizing a conical-shaped collector with a deflector at its apex to direct a received droplet stream to a trough that is formed within the leading edge of the collector. The collector which is rotating imparts a dynamic pressure to the fluid that is accumulated in the trough. The fluid is intercepted by pitot tubes which are stationary, and is directed to a high pressure pump for return to the power generating system.

Abstract: A vibratory fluid pump having a force generator for generating asymmetric periodic waves or oscillations connected to one end of one or more fluid conveyance means, such as filaments. The opposite ends of the filaments are connected to springs. Fluid introduced onto the filaments will traverse along the filaments according to the magnitude of the positive and negative excursions of the periodic waves or oscillations, and can be recovered from the filaments.

Abstract: An external flow, liquid sheet radiator apparatus adapted for space applications has as its radiating surface a thin stable liquid sheet formed by fluid flow through a very narrow slit affixed to the sheet generator.

Abstract: The wall of a structural component that is subject to high thermal and mechanical stress, such as a position control rocket drive, has a plurality of grooves in its surface for an improved heat discharge by radiation emission. The grooves are cut into the wall surface and have a substantially U-type cross-sectional shape with parallel sidewalls and a substantially rounded groove bottom. The heat emission efficiency is substantially improved by making the groove depth (t) to be about 100 .mu.m and the groove width (b) to be at least 20% of the groove depth, thus (t/b) is at least 5. Additionally, the maximally permissable groove shape tolerance over the entire groove length must be .+-.1 .mu.m and the smallest spacing between neighboring grooves is about 10 .mu.m.

Abstract: A variable conductance thermal insulation blanket regulates the temperature of a component (20) on the surface (32) of a spacecraft. The blanket comprises a sealed container (2) and a pressurized gas tank (10). When gas is introduced from the tank (10) into the sealed container (20), heat is conducted away from the component (20) into outer space via conduction through the gas molecules. Thus, component (20) is cooled. When gas is evacuated from within sealed container (2) and there is a vacuum there-within, heat conduction is thwarted, and the primary means of heat escape from component (20) is via radiation. However, radiation is also thwarted by means of a set of stacked radiation sheilds (24) having low emissivity but high thermal conductivity.

Abstract: A room ventilator for insertion within a wall of window of the room comprises two fans mounted side by side, and a heat exchanger located inwardly of the fans. The construction of the heat exchanger is such that counter flow heat exchange occurs between the incoming and outgoing air streams.

Abstract: This invention relates to a shelter for thermally conditioning in particular electronic appliances which generate heat. The shelter comprises a closed box-like structure with thermoinsulating walls which houses the appliance to be conditioned, as well as a heat accumulator in the form of a fluid mass in heat exchange conditions with the structure inner environment. The heat accumulator is connected with a heat exchanger provided outside the box-like structure in such a manner that a fluid circulation, preferably a thermosiphon circulation, is established only when the fluid temperature within the heat exchanger is lower than that within the heat accumulator.

Abstract: A gas particle radiator adapted to operate in a microgravity space environment having a transparent boundary which transmits energy in the infrared spectrum, and a gas particle mixture that yields high absorption and emittances.

Abstract: A reflective heat conductor is presented in the form of a grill having a plurality of individual cells bounded by reflective bare metal surfaces. The grill has an arcuate shape complementary to the object, such as a stovepipe, on which it is located. Heat transfer is effected by substantially increasing the conductive area of the surface of the object on which it is mounted, by reflecting radiant heat energy emitted by the surface, and, in the case of a stovepipe, by also increasing turbulence within the stovepipe to reduce stack velocity and produce more complete burning.

Abstract: A turbocharger of the present invention is provided with a thermo-reducing means between the turbine housing and the bearing housing in order to reduce the heat transferred from the turbine housing to the bearing housing. The thermo-reducing means comprises a thermo-isolating means such as an annular member made of a low heat conductive material. Also, the annular member contacts with the wall of the turbine housing which has a high thermal resistance, so that the heat transferred from the turbine housing to the connecting portion is reduced. The thermo-reducing means also comprises a sensible heat reducing means which is composed of a layer made of a low conductive material, on the inner surface of the wall of the turbine housing, preventing the heat transferred from the exhaust gas to the wall, and a layer made of a high emissive material, on the outer surface of the wall of the turbine housing radiating out the heat effectively.

Abstract: The present invention provides heat exchanger apparatus and method including a tubular heat transfer surface, a heat transfer fluid which is made to pass along the surface, and a wire brush heat exchanger insert positioned to impinge the fluid flowing within the heat transfer surface. The brush heat exchange insert is composed of a ceramic material having a high absorptance and emittance.

Abstract: A collector for a liquid drop radiator for cooling at least one fluid droplet stream. The collector has a housing with at least one inlet for the at least one fluid droplet stream and one outlet and lies in a plane, and a pump disposed in the housing and which has a low pressure side and lies in a plane which is the same as the plane that the housing lies in. The at least one inlet of the housing converges towards the pump so that the at least one fluid droplet stream is directed towards the low pressure side of the pump and directed by the pump to the outlet of the housing.

Abstract: The present invention provides heat exchanger apparatus and method for enhancing heat transfer between a fluid and a tubular heat exchanger surface. The invention involves a heat transfer surface, a heat transfer fluid passed along the surface, and a metal or ceramic thin rod packing positioned to impinge the fluid flowing within the heat transfer surface. The thin rod packing is established in the form of a screen heat exchange insert composed of a metal or ceramic material having a high adsorptance and emittance.

Abstract: The present invention provides heat transfer apparatus and method for enhancing the heat transfer of fluid passing along a tubular heat exchange surface including positioning a heat exchange insert of planar or, sheet-like shape to form an unobstructed area of about 20%-80% of the tubular cross section. The heat exchange insert is constructed of a material having an absorptance and emittance to provide high radiative heat transfer over a substantially unobstructed line of sight between the insert surface and the tubular surface. Heat exchange inserts are further positioned in the tube or pipe to increase the mass of fluid contacting the insert by alternating the position of insert in the tube.