Abstract: A method for mitigating airborne pathogens from a livestock house by using a cross-flow ventilation system, which is fluidly connected to a livestock house and configured to control the air quality and movement by introducing ambient air into at least one air filtration system that is attached to a side wall of the house. The method includes flowing conditioned air from the air chamber into the house through at least one ventilation panel to the opposing sidewall with a laminar or substantially laminar flow of air and removing the air from the house using an exhaust fan attached to a side wall opposite the side wall containing the air filtration system.

Abstract: A rotary compressor and a refrigeration cycle device are provided. The rotary compressor includes a housing, an exhaust pipe and a suction pipe. The housing accommodates a motor and a compression mechanism. The exhaust pipe is communicated with a high-pressure side of the refrigeration cycle device and coupled to the housing. The suction pipe is communicated with a low-pressure side of the refrigeration cycle device and coupled to the compression mechanism. The compression mechanism has a bypass device. When the motor is stopped, gas of the housing flows into the suction pipe or a low-pressure circuit communicated with the suction pipe.

Abstract: A heat exchanger includes: a copper pipe forming a refrigerant circulation passage; and a plurality of fins arranged at positions spaced apart from each other along one direction and coupled to an outer circumferential surface of the copper pipe, wherein the copper pipe includes: a plurality of straight tubes extending along the arranged direction of the plurality of fins; and a plurality of return bends connected to one end of one of the plurality of straight tubes and one end of another one of the plurality of straight tubes by welding, wherein burrs having a circumference greater than an outer diameter of each straight tube are formed at both ends of the plurality of straight tubes, a distance between a rim of the burr and an outer surface of the straight tube is 0.4 mm to 1.8 mm.

Abstract: A ventilation system in accordance with the present disclosure includes a housing and a core unit arranged in the housing. A fresh air inlet, an exhaust air inlet, a fresh air outlet, and an exhaust air outlet are arranged on the housing. The core unit is arranged between the inlets and outlets to transfer heat and/or humidity between fresh air and exhaust air flowing through the ventilation system. The exhaust air flows through ducting to an exhaust port in a wall of a building structure.

Abstract: A single-package air conditioning appliance includes a housing defining an outdoor portion and an indoor portion. An outdoor heat exchanger assembly is disposed in the outdoor portion. The outdoor heat exchanger assembly includes an outdoor heat exchanger and an outdoor fan. An indoor heat exchanger assembly is disposed in the indoor portion. The indoor heat exchanger assembly includes an indoor heat exchanger and an indoor fan. A compressor is in fluid communication with the outdoor heat exchanger and the indoor heat exchanger to circulate a refrigerant between the outdoor heat exchanger and the indoor heat exchanger. The single-package air conditioner unit also includes a make-up air module. The make-up air module extends between the outdoor portion of the housing and an outside of the housing. The make-up air module includes a plurality of make-up air fans.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an integrated new technique and apparatus for recycling volatile organic compounds of coating printing. The new technique collects a mixed gas of volatile organic compounds produced in the process of coating and drying of a coating machine with a volatiles collecting hood of coating machine, compresses and lead the mixed gas of volatile organic compounds into a condensation system for condensation; the obtained condensate enters a gas-liquid separator to obtain a coating solvent with high concentration; non-condensable lean gas enters a membrane separation and enrichment system to obtain a mixed gas of high concentration organic compounds after membrane separation and enrichment with a complete set of membrane assembly, and then returns to front of the condensation system to repeat the integrated technique.

Abstract: Provided is a heat medium circulation device with a simple structure, capable of reducing power consumption in performing an anti-freezing treatment. A first heat medium circuit 2 and a second heat medium circuit 3 are connected via a connector 5. An anti-freezing control unit 42 activates the first pump 22 with the second pump 32 in a stopped state, when preventing the heat medium in the first heat medium circuit 2 from freezing.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a heat and energy recovery assembly, system and method. The heat and energy recovery assembly and system may include an insulated chamber for effectuating heat and energy exchange between a primary heat recovery exchanger and the reaction products of fossil fuel combustion gases, waste products, and air. The heat and energy recovery assembly and system are particularly useful on furnace systems.

Abstract: The clothes dryer vent airflow system is configured to work in between an exhaust port of an existing clothes dryer and an exhaust line that extends outside of a dwelling. The clothes dryer vent airflow system includes a fan housing that includes a dryer exhaust port on a first side while an intake port and fan housing exhaust port are provided on a second side of the fan housing. The fan housing includes a fan therein, which is adapted to receive accelerated clothes dryer exhaust air from the clothes dryer via the dryer exhaust port as well as ambient air via the intake port.

Abstract: An energy efficient heat pump system capable of operating in extreme low and high temperature environments. The heat pump system includes an evaporator, a heater operatively associated with the evaporator, compressor and condenser. In an exemplary embodiment, the heat pump system may further include a plasma pulse-spark system to facilitate removal of scale deposits. The heater heats an environmental medium prior to the environmental medium exchanging energy with a refrigerant located in an evaporator coil of the evaporator in order to maintain a predetermined minimum temperature differential between the environmental medium when it contacts the evaporator coil and the refrigerant when located in the evaporator coil. The system allows efficient operation at low temperatures.

Abstract: A datacenter may use heat collected from a heat exchanger at the exhaust portion of a cooling system to heat inlet louvers for an atmospheric intake. The louvers may have fluid passages through which heated fluid may pass and cause the louvers to heat up. The heated louvers may operate during periods of snow, rain, high humidity, or other conditions to eliminate condensation, snow and ice buildup, or other problems. In some embodiments, a liquid may be passed through the louvers, while in other embodiments, heated air or other gas may be passed through conductive paths in the louvers. In a heated air system, holes in the louvers may allow the heated air to enter the incoming airstream to regulate the incoming temperature to the datacenter.

Abstract: A first element and a second element are disposed in postures such that the length directions of the elements are parallel to each other. The first element is disposed in a posture such that a pair of opposing surfaces where a longitudinal flow passage is open is parallel to one main plate. The second element is disposed in a posture such that a pair of opposing surfaces where a longitudinal flow passage is open is parallel to the one main plate. A mixing flow passage formed as a result of the first element and the second element being disposed with a gap therebetween in a facing direction of side plates is provided between a transverse flow passage of the first element and a transverse flow passage of the second element.

Abstract: A modular, water-to-air heat exchanger with flexible tubes is adjustable in length to conform to different size cooling coils and thus provides an inexpensive, retro-fittable run-around heat recovery for pre-existing air handling systems. The heat exchanger comprises multiple heat exchange tubes formed of flexible material in a shape that permits them to be lengthened or shortened by simply moving the headers toward or away from each other. Preferably, the tubes are formed of a flexible, non-resilient material such as copper, and are shaped in a serpentine or helical manner. In this way, the tubes can be drawn out to elongate the heat exchanger or compressed to shorten it, depending on the dimension of the cooling coil in the air handler. One convenient way to control the length of the flexible tubes is to support the headers on one or more adjustment bars, each having a threaded adjustment mechanism.

Abstract: A vehicle air handling system includes an air handler, a desiccant assembly and a regeneration mechanism. The air handler has an air inlet configured to receive airflow into the air handler and an air outlet configured to direct the airflow from the air handler to a passenger compartment of a vehicle. The desiccant assembly is installed in a fixed non-movable orientation within the air handler. The desiccant assembly is configured to absorb moisture from the airflow and is disposed between the air inlet and the air outlet. The desiccant assembly includes a first flow path and a second flow path separated from one another such that the airflow passes through the first flow path. The regeneration mechanism is in fluid communication with the second air flow path of the desiccant assembly and is configured to remove moisture from the airflow passing through the desiccant assembly.

Abstract: A condensing type dryer uses a heat exchanger in which condensed water can be smoothly discharged through a water-discharging slot formed in a rear end portion of a rear cover of the heat exchanger. The water-discharging slot prevents an air flowing resistance which can be caused by condensed water pooling at the rear end portion of the rear cover. Also, leakage-preventing walls enhance the heat exchanging function by ensuring a uniform flow of cold external air through the heat changer. The leakage-preventing walls prevent external air from leaking around the lateral edges of the heat exchanger.

Abstract: The invention provides a system for regenerative selective catalytic reduction including a catalyst chamber that contains a catalyst for reducing NOX in a gas stream passing therethrough. The system also includes a reactant injector, first and second heat exchangers, and a valve manifold adapted to direct a substantially continuous gas stream through the heat exchangers and catalyst chamber in such a manner as to flow through the catalyst chamber in the same flow direction during each cycle of the system. The invention also provides a process of regenerative selective catalytic reduction wherein the gas stream through the catalyst chamber flows in the same flow direction during each cycle of the process.

Abstract: An apparatus for recovering heat from exhaust air received from a restaurant kitchen. Rotating backwards inclined fan blades draw exhaust air from the kitchen along a flow path and impel it against walls of a housing, such that grease is removed from the exhaust air. A fan motor is positioned out of the flow path. The exhaust air is pushed out of the housing to a heat recovery coil directly downstream that is formed from a heat conductive material. The coil has an internal conduit through which a heat transfer fluid is supplied at a temperature below the exhaust air temperature, such that the fluid in the conduit is heated by exhaust air passing over the conductive material. After leaving the conduit, heat energy is transferred from the fluid to makeup air for return to, or to water for use in, the restaurant.

Abstract: The invention provides a system for regenerative selective catalytic reduction including a catalyst chamber that contains a catalyst for reducing NOX in a gas stream passing therethrough. The system also includes a reactant injector, first and second heat exchangers, and a valve manifold adapted to direct a substantially continuous gas stream through the heat exchangers and catalyst chamber in such a manner as to flow through the catalyst chamber in the same flow direction during each cycle of the system. The invention also provides a process of regenerative selective catalytic reduction wherein the gas stream through the catalyst chamber flows in the same flow direction during each cycle of the process.

Abstract: A heat collector includes a heat absorption surface, an opposite heat focus surface and one or more surrounding sides. A matrix of the heat collector is a thermally conductive material. There is a plurality of adiabatic pores mixed within the matrix. A relative concentration distribution of the adiabatic pores increases from the heat absorption surface to the heat focus surface, and decreases from the surrounding sides to a center of the heat collector. The shape of the heat collector can be rectangular, cylindrical, prismatic, plate-shaped, square, or polyhedral. The heat collector can draw heat generated from electrical components, and collect the generated heat for reuse in order to enhance energy efficiency.

Abstract: A space has inlet and outlet registers and outside and exhaust air ducts. The outside air duct is located adjacent to the inlet register. The exhaust air duct is located adjacent to the outlet register. The space has an outside air passageway through the outside air duct adjacent to the inlet register. The space has an exhaust air passageway through the exhaust air duct adjacent to the outlet register. A thermosyphon run around heat pipe assembly includes outside air coils and exhaust air coils. Vapor lines and liquid lines couple the coils. The outside air coils are positioned adjacent to the air inlet duct. The exhaust air coils are located adjacent to the air outlet duct. A control device, in the form of a modulating return damper, is located between the air ducts. An air filter is provided upstream of and adjacent to the outside air coils.

Abstract: A trap for recovering heat energy from a liquid has a chamber 7 with an internal baffle wall 45-48. An upper chamber opening 9 and a weir at an inlet end 13 of a discharge conduit 11 are on opposite sides of the baffle wall. Liquid fed into the chamber via the upper opening flows downward and under the baffle wall before flowing upward and over the weir to be discharged from the chamber through the discharge conduit. A second liquid flows through a heat exchange conduit 17-24. One preferred embodiment has a concentric arrangement of a plurality of cylindrical baffle walls alternating with a plurality of cylindrical chambers of the heat exchange conduit. A corresponding method of heat recovery is also claimed. In one preferred application, the trap is fitted into the base or floor tray of a shower for recovery of heat energy from waste shower water.

Abstract: In an HVAC system in which ambient air is supplied by the system to a building through an ambient air intake airstream and is exhausted from the building through an exhaust airstream energy is conserved by transferring heat between the intake airstream and the exhaust airstream. A heat exchange fluid is circulated between heat exchangers located in the intake airstream and in the exhaust airstream. An air turbine is placed in the exhaust airstream for being driven by the exhaust airstream, and the air turbine is coupled with a pump arranged to circulate the heat exchange fluid between the heat exchangers such that upon being driven by the exhaust airstream, the air turbine, in turn, drives the pump to circulate the heat exchange fluid between the heat exchangers and thereby effects the transfer of heat from one to the other of the intake airstream and the exhaust airstream and a concomitant conservation of energy in the HVAC system.

Abstract: An energy recovery ventilator and method for monitoring and maintaining an environmental condition inside a structure such as a house, building, or dwelling is provided. The ventilator may include a housing having mating halves of a molded polymeric material, first and second chambers disposed within the housing to convey separate first and second streams of air, a heat exchanger configured to intersect the first and second chambers, a first fan to circulate the first air stream through the first chamber, a second fan to circulate the second air stream through the second chamber, and a fan motor driving the first and second fans. The ventilator may also be configured to prevent frost build-up in or on the energy ventilator, to provide efficient cooling, and maintain one or more desired environmental conditions.

Abstract: For treating waste gas flows, a regenerative thermal afterburning system is used, comprising at least four regenerators, filled with ceramic heat accumulator bodies, and connected via a common combustion chamber. The waste gas is alternately admitted in cycles to one regenerator, whose heat accumulation bodies have been preheated, and then burned in the combustion chamber to yield clean gas, the said gas being extracted by a further regenerator, with simultaneous heating of the latter's heat accumulator bodies, while a third regenerator is flushed with flush gas. During the cyclical operation of the three regenerators, the remaining fourth regenerator extracts combustion chamber air from the combustion chamber, for the removal of deposits on the heat accumulator bodies in this regenerator by means of pyrolysis. In turn, a fan then feeds this extracted air to the crude gas.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to the treatment of NOx in combustion flue gas. In certain embodiments, the invention relates to the use of a regenerative heat exchanger (RHE) to convert urea to ammonia in a side stream of flue gas. Ammonia and/or other urea decomposition products exit the heat exchanger, are mixed with the rest of the flue gas, and enter a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) unit for reduction of NOx in the flue gas. The use of an RHE significantly improves the thermal efficiency of the overall process. More particularly, in certain embodiments, the regenerative heat exchanger is a dual chamber RHE.

Abstract: An air handling system for an indoor space comprising a first forced indoor air treatment component, an input indoor air duct element and an output treated air duct element respectively coupling said first forced indoor air treatment component to said indoor space, a second forced air treatment component a stale air duct element coupled to said second forced air treatment component and to said input indoor air duct, a return air duct element coupling said second forced air treatment component to said output treated air duct element characterized in that said system comprises a secondary air path means for coupling said return air duct element to said input indoor air duct element.

Abstract: The heat exchanger is made economically by using thermoplastic sheets with hollow tubes and spacers between the sheets and fusing the edges of the sheets together to form an integral housing. Preferably, the heat exchanger is an opposed-flow heat-exchanger giving improved heat-transfer efficiency.

Abstract: The present invention provides a heat exchanger unit that can save space, even when performing air conditioning in addition to ventilation. The heat exchanger unit performs heat exchange ventilation with a supply air channel flowing from an outdoor space to an indoor space and an exhaust air channel flowing from the indoor space to the outdoor space and includes an optical deodorization portion and a first blowing portion. The optical deodorization portion is provided so as to be linked to at least the indoor space and performs air conditioning with a circulation channel. The circulation channel is provided in the vicinity of either the supply air channel or the exhaust air channel. The first blowing portion includes a double-suction first impeller having a first suction inlet and a second suction inlet. Here, one of the supply air channel and the exhaust air channel that is provided in the vicinity of the circulation channel is provided at the first suction inlet side of the first impeller.

Abstract: The ventilating system includes evaporative cooling of the exhaust air before it enters a heat exchanger to cool incoming fresh outside air. A suction fan pulls exhaust air through the heat exchanger and, in combination with a flow restrictor, reduces the pressure on the exhaust air and augments the evaporative cooling. The use of a pusher fan to force outside air through the heat exchanger ensures that any leakage in the heat-exchanger results in outside air entering exhaust air and minimizing the chances of contamination by leaking exhaust air into the incoming fresh air. The heat exchanger is made economically by heat-forming cavities in relatively thick thermo-plastic sheets, interleaving them with other thermo-plastic sheets having separate gas flow conduit structures, and securing the sheets together. Preferably, the heat-exchanger is an opposed-flow heat-exchanger giving improved heat-transfer efficiency.

Abstract: An incoming air duct (9) and an exhaust air duct (12) which connect an incoming air inlet (14) and an exhaust air outlet (10), respectively, in an outside side-wall (1b) to an incoming air outlet (13) and an exhaust air inlet (11) in a room-facing side wall (1a) are arranged side by side, separated only by partitions (8) of aluminium sheet, to permit heat exchange between the exhaust air flow and the opposite incoming air flow over a plurality of straight sections (6a, 6b, 6c, 6d, 6e) of a double duct which are connected by deflections (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) of in each case 180°.

Abstract: The ventilating system includes evaporative cooling of the exhaust air before it enters a heat exchanger to cool incoming fresh outside air. A suction fan pulls exhaust air through the heat exchanger and, in combination with a flow restrictor, reduces the pressure on the exhaust air and augments the evaporative cooling. The use of a pusher fan to force outside air through the heat exchanger ensures that any leakage in the heat-exchanger results in outside air entering exhaust air and minimizing the chances of contamination by leaking exhaust air into the incoming fresh air. The heat exchanger is made economically by heat-forming cavities in relatively thick thermo-plastic sheets, interleaving them with other thermoplastic sheets having separate gas flow conduit structures, and securing the sheets together. Preferably, the heat-exchanger is an opposed-flow heat-exchanger giving improved heat-transfer efficiency.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and system are provided for heating fluids using a waste heat recovery arrangement adapted for application to existing heat exchange systems that generate waste heat and/or heated exhaust gases. The method, apparatus and system utilize the heater control arrangement of the existing heat exchange system to control the heating of the fluid and a pumping arrangement, for example, a hydrokinetic pumping arrangement, to circulate the fluid to be heated from a location outdoors to the heat exchange system.

Abstract: An amount of energy consumption in a semiconductor fabrication facility can be reduced by using cooling water drained from a semiconductor fabrication apparatus as a heat source of another semiconductor fabrication apparatus. Cooling water of 80° C. drained from a heating furnace of a heat processing apparatus (10) is supplied to a deionized water heating apparatus (32) of a cleaning apparatus (30). The deionized water heating apparatus (32) raises a temperature of deionized water of a room temperature to 60° C. through heat exchange with the cooling water of 80° C. The cooling water, whose temperature falls to 30° C. after the heat exchange, is reutilized for cooling of the heating furnace (12).

Abstract: The invention is a drying system and a method for its use, the drying system having a container containing a product to be dried and a dryer. The dryer includes an inlet for providing the drying air, a drying air pathway, and a furnace for heating the drying air. The drying air flows through a supply route to the container, where the drying air dries the product and is converted into a return air. The return air flows through a return route back to the dryer. The return air flows through a return air pathway and a heat exchanger which intersects the return air pathway and the drying air pathway. The heat exchanger transfers heat from the return air to the drying air. The return air is exhausted through an outlet. In a preferred embodiment, the container is a tobacco barn and the product is tobacco.

Abstract: The invention relates to an installation for utilizing surplus heat from a power transformer. A first pipe system (7) is connected to the cooling device of the transformer for circulation of a first, heat carrying fluid between the transformer and a heat pump (5) with the purpose of enabling emission of heat to an evaporator (10) included in the heat pump, which evaporator via a second pipe system (11) containing a second fluid communicates with a compressor (12), a condenser (13) and an expansion valve (14), a third pipe system (15) having a third, heat carrying fluid for transfer of heat to one or more consumption units (16) being connected to the condenser.

Abstract: A heat recovery system includes a heat exchanger surrounding a flue pipe from a furnace for preheating water. The heat exchanger includes a sleeve surrounding the flue pipe to define an annular space and form a water jacket in direct contact with the flue pipe. Several water storage tanks are connected in series and mounted around the sleeve to absorb heat from the water jacket. The outer water tanks are connected to one end of the water jacket at the downstream end of the flue pipe so that water is carried sequentially through each of the water tanks and through the water jacket surrounding the flue pipe. Typically, the water jacket includes a plurality of baffles to define a tortuous path through the water jacket. A conduit for supplying water to the outer water tanks can be wrapped around the downstream end of the flue pipe in a spiral manner to preheat the water prior to feeding to the water tanks.

Abstract: A packing element is provided for use in a mass transfer tower or a heat sink. The packing element is in the form of a saddle shaped member having a configuration generally corresponding to a portion of a toroid generated by rotating a plane closed curve about an axis that is coplanar with and spaced from the curve. The curve has inner and outer surface generating segments. The inner segment is closer to the axis than the outer segment. The outer segment is essentially w-shaped. The member has respective inner and outer surface portions which correspond in transverse cross-sectional shape to the shape of said segments. In one form of the invention, the inner segment is essentially w-shaped and complementary to said outer segment, whereby the element itself is essentially w-shaped in transverse cross-sectional configuration.

Abstract: High-temperature-side hydrogen storage alloy containers each containing a hydrogen storage alloy are disposed as a heat exchanging portion in high-temperature-side heat exchangers. Low-temperature waste-heat gas generated in a micro gas turbine is imported into the heat exchangers so that direct heat exchange is performed between the waste-heat gas and each of the alloy containers. On the other hand, low-temperature-side hydrogen storage alloy containers each containing a hydrogen storage alloy are disposed as a heat exchanging portion in low-temperature-side heat exchangers. The high-temperature-side alloy containers and the low-temperature-side alloy containers are connected to each other by hydrogen-travelling pipes. Cold heat generated in the low-temperature-side heat exchangers is supplied to a refrigeration output portion.

Abstract: A system and method for pre-heating water prior to entering a hot water heater is disclosed. The system includes: a cold water supply line; an ambient air heat exchange device positioned within an insulated area of a building wherein the ambient air heat exchange device is connected to the cold water supply line; and a fluid connected for interconnecting the ambient air heat exchanged device to the hot water heater, the ambient air heat exchange device being operable to: allow incoming cold water to enter the ambient air heat exchange device as required; permit the transfer of heat from ambient air within the insulated area to the cold water within the ambient air heat exchange device to effect pre-heating thereof; and pass water, as thus preheated, from the ambient air heat exchange device to the hot water heater as required. The ambient air heat exchange device may comprise a reservoir or a heat exchanger having at least one pipe.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an apparatus for directing process fluids through regenerative systems using a Multi-Port Valve Assembly. Any number of process fluids can be directed through any number of regenerative devices in a regenerative system by use of the Multi-Port Valve Assembly of the present invention. Further, more than one Multi-Port Valve Assembly can be used in a regenerative system to provide for parallel-flow or counter-flow of the process fluids within the regenerative system. The regenerative systems can be used in environmental applications as Regenerative Thermal Oxidizers, Regenerative Catalytic Oxidizers, VOC Concentrators, and Reversible Chemical Reactors. The regenerative systems can also be used in energy conservation applications as Regenerative Heat-Exchangers.

Abstract: A heat exchanger is mounted external to a section of flue pipe or is an integral part of a section of flue pipe. The heat exchanger preheats a domestic hot water supply and boosts the return water temperature prior to reentry to the furnace coil. The heat exchanger reduces fuel use, pollution and wear of the furnace and burner. A typical heat exchanger installation includes an oil or gas burner located on a furnace or boiler having a flue pipe leading to a gaseous outlet, such as a masonry chimney. A short vertical flue section leads to a draft-regulating damper. The flue heat exchanger may be a coil of tubing wrapped around flue section, such that the tubing picks up heat from the heated flue gasses. Preheated water exits from the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A heat exchange system and method for heating outside air provided to a structure are disclosed. The system uses and recovers heat from waste products that are being exhausted from the structure. A heated products source generates heated waste products as a result of combustion. An exhaust duct passes the heated waste products through a heat exchanger before exhaustion from the structure. An intake duct that supplies fresh outside air to the structure also passes through the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger couples the exhaust duct and the intake duct and transfers otherwise unused heat from the waste products to the outside air to increase the overall efficiency of the heated product source.

Abstract: An indoor space is externally enclosed and thermally insulated by an underfloor insulating layer, a wall insulating layer and a ceiling insulating layer. An underfloor ventilation layer is defined between a floor and the underfloor insulating layer, and a ceiling ventilation layer is formed between a ceiling and the ceiling insulating layer. Communication is established through the underfloor ventilation layer, the indoor space and the ceiling ventilation layer, via floor vents and ceiling vents. Outdoor air is drawn into the indoor space from an air intake. Air is expelled from the ceiling ventilation layer into an underroof space by ventilation fans and then discharged outdoors from underroof outlets. A heat exchange ventilator is disposed in the ceiling ventilation layer, whereby heat exchange takes place between air in the ceiling ventilation layer and incoming fresh outdoor air. After the heat exchange, the incoming air is delivered into the underfloor ventilation layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for ventilation systems which include an element for the transfer of heat from warm exhaust air (taken from inside a building) to cooler exterior fresh air which is drawn into the building. The present invention in particular provides an apparatus whereby, during a defrost cycle, interior air may circulate through both of the fresh air and exhaust air paths for delivery back into the building, i.e. the warm interior air, used as defrost air, may be able to circulate from the interior of the building into the ventilation apparatus and back to the interior of the building. The apparatus can thus use interior air as defrost air while diminishing or avoiding the creation of a negative air pressure in the building.

Abstract: A fluid-to-fluid heat exchanger for use where two fluid streams may be of indeterminate composition, temperature, and flow rate, and, where the two fluid streams may flow at different rates and at different times. Such conditions are found, for example, in the flow patterns of a building's hotwater, cold feed water for a water heater, and drainwater. As defined for heat recovery from drainwater, the present invention comprises a first, central, straight-through heat exchanger tube for cooling flowing drainwater, a second heat exchanger to heat cold water encircling and spaced from the first, and a non-pressurized reservoir between first and second heat exchangers permanently filled with water in thermal contact with first and second heat exchangers. Submerged in the reservoir water there is at least one insulated convection chamber, of small volume, enclosing first heat exchanger with a convection opening uppermost.

Abstract: A liquid desiccant air conditioner includes an absorption air conditioner and a liquid desiccant dehumidifier.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for ventilation systems which include an element for the transfer of heat from warm exhaust air (taken from inside a building) to cooler exterior fresh air which is drawn into the building. The present invention in particular provides an apparatus whereby, during a defrost cycle, interior air may circulate through both of the fresh air and exhaust air paths for delivery back into the building i.e. the warm interior air, used as defrost air, may be able to circulate from the interior of the building into the ventilation apparatus and back to the interior of the building. The apparatus can thus use interior air as defrost air while diminishing or avoiding the creation of a negative air pressure in the building.

Abstract: An air-to-air heat exchanging system for a first air stream and a second air stream includes at least two air-to-air heat exchangers, each having heat conducting walls, secured to a frame. Two manifold assemblies, each including triangular dividers and triangular ends are positioned such that the triangular dividers and triangular ends are substantially perpendicular to the heat conducting walls of the air-to-air heat exchangers. Inlets and outlets for the first air stream and the second air stream are provided in the manifold assemblies.

Abstract: An improved swimming pool/spa water heating system whereby a portion of the water flow into the main heater unit (3), is preheated, thereby decreasing the time of operation of the main heater unit (3), to raise the pool water temperature to the desired temperature. The system improvement includes an arrangement wherein pool water is drawn from the pool by the water pump (22), and a portion of the water is diverted through a supplementary heater unit (27), which is located in the combustion exhaust stream of the main heating unit (3). The diverted water is thus preheated in the supplementary heater unit (27), by the residual heat in the main heater unit exhaust and is then directed back into the water system, at a point prior to the inlet of the main heater unit (3), and mixes with the remaining water in the system, thereby increasing the temperature of water into the main heater unit (3).

Abstract: A method for reducing the consumption of fresh water and energy in a paper mill in which fresh water is passed into the paper mill for various needs, and a cooling tower is utilized for cooling water heated in the papermaking process. All fresh waters or a substantial proportion of the fresh waters of the paper mill are introduced into the process through the water system of the cooling tower. The cooling tower includes at least one inlet for passing the water to be cooled into the cooling tower, nozzles for discharging the water that was passed in and that is to be cooled onto heat transfer faces, filler pieces and/or filler plates, which disperse the water to be cooled so as to increase the contact area between the water and the cooling air, at least one outlet for passing the cooled water out of the cooling tower, and blowers for blowing the cooling air through the cooling tower.