Abstract: A rotatable heat exchange drum is provided. This drum can be used for heating and/or cooling an elongated material. The drum includes an outer cylinder having an inner surface, and an inner cylinder within the outer cylinder, the inner cylinder having an outer surface annularly spaced from the inner surface of the outer cylinder so as to form an annular gap. The outer surface of the inner cylinder and/or the inner surface of the outer cylinder are/is provided with at least one channel extending therein, and being in communication with the annular gap between the inner and outer cylinders. The channel serves to provide a pathway over which heat exchange fluid is swirled in order to thereby prevent the formation of stagnant boundary or "confine" layers within the annular gap.

Abstract: A paper calender using a polyurethane coated calendering cylinder is operated with the coating maintained at an unusually low temperature found to prevent damage to the coating when calendering at high speeds and pressures.

Abstract: A drying cylinder for a paper-making machine comprises a cylinder barrel with end covers mounted on a hollow shaft. Steam for heating the cylinder can be introduced through an inlet at an end of the shaft. The steam passes through openings along the hollow shaft to heat the barrel. In order to reduce the risk of pollutants or condensate entering the annular space between the cylinder barrel and the hollow shaft, the openings in the hollow shaft are provided with tubular components which project into the interior of the hollow shaft. Either the tubular components themselves are shaped or a baffle plate is provided for blocking entrance of pollutants into the tubular components. A suction device removes condensate from the inside of the inner shaft.

Abstract: A heated roll member especially adapted to provide a uniform temperature surface for embossing or calendering low basis weight cellulose or polymeric webs. The roll member comprises outer and inner shells with an annular chamber therebetween and apertures in the inner shell which introduce fluid into or remove fluid from the annular chamber. Specially constructed apertures, each provided with a flow diverting means, produce fully turbulent flow in a heated fluid moving axially within the annular chamber. A controlled level of turbulence in the fluid is initiated at the aperture and is maintained throughout the annular chamber, such that "hot" or "cold" areas do not develop on the surface of the outer shell.

Abstract: A dryer drum for a paper making machine with a shell and end heads and steam delivery means and a plurality of headers extending axially and uniformly circumferentially spaced a relatively short length each carrying a row of dipper straws projecting adjacent the inner surface of the shell with the headers fixed to the shell surface and flexible tubes connecting the headers to a main conduit for removal of the condensate.

Abstract: Machine for rebuilding by welding hard metal on track roller assemblies. The machine includes a system for recirculating coolant through the assembly during a welding operation and for controlling the temperature of the coolant. The machine further includes means whereby as one roller assembly is being rebuilt, the previously welded roller assembly is cooled by the circulation of coolant.

Abstract: The present invention is a system for controlling the blow through steam in cylindrical dryers such as those used in the paper industry. The flow rate of the condensate is measured as is the flow rate of the steam blown through the drying cylinder. The ratio of the flow rate of the blow through steam to the flow rate of the condensate is thereby measured. Knowing the conditions of the paper going through the dryer, the desired conditions of the paper leaving the dryer and the feed steam pressure, the ideal amount of condensate can be determined and a given ratio set. The difference between the actual measured ratio and the set ratio is noted by a ratio control means and a compensation made by varying the pressure in the steam/water separator which is downstream from the drying cylinder. The amount of blow through steam for a given condensing load is thereby controlled and can be minimized.

Abstract: An apparatus for drying particulate material includes an elongate housing having a chamber therein. A drum is positioned in the housing and has opposite ends thereof extending through open ends of the housing. The drum is mounted for rotation about its longitudinal axis. The exterior surface of the drum and the interior surface of the housing are spaced apart and form an annular space adapted for flow of heating medium therealong. An inlet opens into the annular space and is directed for introducing heating medium in a generally tangential direction relative to the annular space such that the heating medium flows in a generally vortex manner along the length of the annular space to the outlet. A tube is positioned in the drum and extends along a major portion of the length of the drum. The tube is in flow communication with the annular space for receiving heating medium therefrom.

Abstract: An apparatus for scavenging condensate from the interior of a cylinder, such as a drying cylinder of a papermaking machine, which is heated by means of condensable medium. The apparatus comprises a siphon arranged in the cylinder and forming a mainly radial passage. One end of the passage opens in the vicinity of the inner circumferential surface of the cylinder while the other end of the passage is in communication with a condensate scavenging pipe which extends along the cylinder axis and is in communication with a region outside the cylinder to scavenge condensate from the interior of the cylinder. The passage formed by the siphon is composed of a plurality of parallel and mutually delimited part passages. A pressure difference sensing means is arranged in the cylinder to sense the difference between the pressure in the cylinder and respectively a pressure depending upon the pressure drop in the siphon and a preset reference pressure.

Abstract: A paper machine drying section and method for operating the same are provided for reliably maintaining a web in engagement with a drying fabric at locations where the fabric is situated between the web and drying cylinders. Those drying cylinders which are directly contacted by the drying fabric, so that the web is separated therefrom by the drying fabric, are formed with recessed outer surfaces having voids across which the fabric extends. The pressure in these voids is maintained at a magnitude less than the pressure at the outer surface of the web where it travels around those cylinders from which it is separated by the fabric, so that in this way the web is urged by the pressure differential toward the fabric so as to be incapable of becoming detached therefrom.

Abstract: Apparatus for drying web materials is disclosed, including a drum, means for supplying steam under pressure to the interior of the drum, passage means extending axially in a portion of the outer drum wall and through one of its end walls for removing condensed steam formed within the drum therefrom, groove means extending circumferentially around the inner surface of the cylindrical drum for collecting condensed steam and supplying it to the passage means, throttle means outside of the end wall, vacuum condensing means under reduced pressures for condensing steam carried by the condensate, and discharge conduit means connecting the throttle means to the vacuum condensing means, the throttle means being adapted to provide a pressure drop between the passage means and the discharge conduit.

Abstract: An ink roller for a printing press having a cylindrical outer shell presenting a roller surface and having a control fluid-displacing core, a hollow cylindrical partition being interposed between the shell and the core to define inner and outer annular passageways connected in series having respective inlet and outlet openings. A source of cooling fluid is connected to the inlet opening so that a feed stream of cooling fluid flows longitudinally through the inner passage and turns around to form a cooling stream flowing in counterflow relation through the outer passage. The cylindrical partition is formed of conductive material so that heat absorbed at a given region of the roller surface by the cooling stream flows radially inwardly for absorption by the feed stream at substantially the same rate, so that the cooling stream has only minimum net gain or loss of heat; this tends to equalize the temperature along the length of the cooling stream and hence along the length of the roller surface.

Abstract: An equipment for continuously producing tapes in rubbery vulcanizable material, adapted to the manufacture of hoses, the equipment comprising at least one pair of calendering rollers, means for causing a rubbery composition to pass and be calendered into a tape between said rollers, and a set of internally cooled hollow cylinders and guide means for guiding the tape in surface engagement with said cooled cylinders.

Abstract: Methods of and installations for drying continuous webs of materials such as paper in which the web contacts rotating dryers heated by circulating a heat transfer liquid through them. Rotary dryers for such installations; and methods for upgrading the performance of conventional installations employing rotary dryers and for upgrading the performance of conventional rotary dryers.

Abstract: Disclosed is an assembly which can be inserted into an existing food freezer or which can be built into the freezer. It includes upper and lower supporting jackets which enclose a cylindrical stainless steel basket journalled to rotate on a horizontal axis. Spaced curved walls within the cylindrical basket divide its interior into a plurality of curved, cylindrical segment-shaped chambers. Each chamber has an individual lid or closure and the basket may be rotated to place the selected chamber uppermost and its interior accessible. The curved sidewalls of the chambers permit the closures to be lowered into and fastened within the chambers to prevent articles in a partially filled chamber from tumbling as the basket is rotated.

Abstract: The inflow line to the drying cylinder is provided with a quantity measuring means to determine the amount of steam being delivered to the cylinder as well as a pressure-regulating means for controlling the pressure prevailing in the cylinder. A signal emitter receives a measurement signal from the quantity-measuring means and transmits a control signal to the pressure-regulating means to bring about an adjustment in the pressure. Use is also made of a bypass line and a thermocompressor to draw steam from the condensate-separator to maintain a constant flow of steam in the drying cylinder.

Abstract: Method of and apparatus for use in controlling the temperature of a drum of a steam heated drum dryer utilizes air and steam, the air under a pressure control and the steam under a temperature control. The temperature control is responsive to the temperature of the fluids discharged from the drum which are under a control such that the sensed temperature is always substantially the same as that of the interior of the drum and the air and steam is utilized in a manner minimizing fluctuations in the drum temperature as the controls are operated in response to sensed temperature.

Abstract: Means and method for preventing distortion in ultrasonic pattern rolls used for quilting layers of thermoplastic material by ultrasonic energy, whereby uniformity of seal quality is maintained. The method contemplates the distribution of heat generated in the roll during warmup over the entire mass of the roll to eliminate distortion from true cylindrical shape, whereby the tendency of the roll to bow out of round resulting in high and low areas with each revolution and the formation of correspondingly uneven welds is eliminated.

Abstract: A wood pulp and paper drying machine comprising a plurality of drying drums around which a sheet of pulp or paper material travels in a circuitous path in heat exchange relationship with the drums. Pressurized steam is directed into the interior of each of the drums, with a syphon removing condensate from the interior of each drum. To reduce the effect of the water condensate in the drum inhibiting heat transfer through the cylindrical wall of the drum to the pulp or paper material, the interior surface of each drum is made as a polished metal surface (such as stainless steel) having a roughness index no greater than about 125 and desirably in the order of 4 - 32 on General Electric Surface Roughness Scale Cat. No. 342 .times. 60.

Abstract: An internally cooled roller particularly useful for continuous casting of metals comprises a roller body and a sleeve mounted on the circumferential surface of the roller body, a conduit for circulating a cooling fluid being defined between the roller body and sleeve. A flange is mounted on one end face of the roller body. The flange has a first tubular member projecting between the sleeve and a reduced diameter end of the roller body surface, a first annular seat being defined by the first tubular member, the sleeve and the roller body surface, and a second tubular member concentrically surrounding the first member and defining therewith a second annular seat. An end of the sleeve projects into the second annular seat and a fluid-tight element is mounted in the first annular seat under compression, the sleeve end being gripped to prevent its radial expansion and thus loosening of the fluid-tight element in the first seat.

Abstract: The grooves of the drying cylinder are provided with turbulence producers in the form of U-shaped inserts, split rings, perforated strips or bands, and lattice-like wire strips in order to create turbulence in the otherwise laminar flow of condensate. This turbulence eliminates the heat insulating effect of the condensate. The turbulence producers are spaced from the base of a groove by at least 0.5 millimeters while the maximum spacing of the internal surface of the producers from the groove base is 10 millimeters.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for heating high speed moving yarns by using a roller with a fixed core and a rotatable jacket separated from the core by a narrow gap. In operation, the gap is filled with a gas under superatmospheric pressure. A method for using the apparatus is also disclosed.

Abstract: A coupling device for the supply and discharge of a heating medium in combination with a godet having a twin roll jacket and guide means provided within the jacket for directing the flow of a heating medium necessary for heating the godet. The device has a hollow shaft arrangement secured to the godet, and the shaft arrangement includes an outer pipe spaced from an inner pipe to define an annular space therebetween for supplying the heating medium to the godet and a passage for removing the heating medium from the godet. The outer pipe and the inner pipe each are permanently connected at one end to the godet for rotation therewith and a rotary pressure cap is disposed at a free end of said hollow shaft arrangement.

Abstract: An apparatus that comprises (a) a fluid-tightly closeable materials-treating or reaction chamber with at least its body portion substantially completely enclosed by a temperature-control fluid chamber provided by its being surrounded by a temperature-control fluid jacket, (b) means to rotate the jacketed chamber end over end about an axis substantially normally transverse to its central axis, (c) divider-baffling means dividing its temperature-control fluid chamber into a plurality of, such as four, substantially similar and independent control-fluid compartments or quadrants, (d) temperature-control fluid ingress means which enable feeding temperature-control fluid into such quadrant while the reactor is rotating, (e) means in each compartment or quadrant to affect the flow of fluids through it to provide substantially uniform overall heat transfer from each of them; and (f) fluid egress means to enable discharging heat-control fluid from these compartments during the rotation.

Abstract: A dryer for removing moisture from wet fine particles, such as coal, comprising an insulated stationary cylinder in which an open-ended metallic cylindrical tube is rotated, coaxially in an essentially horizontal position. Wet particles are introduced in said open end while hot air is circulated between the stationary cylinder and the tube. Metallic balls or the like contained in the rotating tube are interspersed in the wet mix. Perforated fins and baffles extend from the outer wall of the tube to aid in transferring heat, by conduction, to the tube and metallic balls to evaporate the moisture before the coal is discharged at the opposite end through a screen section of the tube. Additives may be introduced into the wet mix to coat the dried coal particles to prevent dust or prepare the mix for pelletizing or briquetting.

Abstract: A system for purifying heated exhaust gases discharged from an internal combustion engine, a furnace, or the like. The system includes a novel rotating finned tube heat exchanger of generally cylindrical configuration. The exchanger has a plurality of longitudinally extending conduits which direct the exhaust gases back and forth between opposite end chambers of the heat exchanger. The gases are additionally passed, as required depending upon the type of pollutants they contain, through a series of purification devices which may include a novel afterburner to rid the gases of entrained unburned fuel, one or more water bath devices to cleanse the gases, and a separator to removed unburned compounds.