Abstract: A heat exchanger (1) for thermally coupling a first fluid to a second fluid so as to transfer heat and in a fluidically separate manner includes a securing assembly (8) of two cover parts (9) and at least one, preferably a plurality of guide parts (11), through which duct tubes (5) of the heat exchanger (1) pass. The duct tubes (5) extend inside a housing tube (2) along the longitudinal axis of the housing tube (2). The first fluid passes through the housing tube (2) outside of the duct tubes (5), and the second fluid passes through the duct tubes (5). The duct tubes (5) may have circular or flattened cross-sections.

Abstract: An assembly for storing thermal energy comprising a phase change material, PCM, storage vessel and at least one heat transfer fluid, HTF, receptacle, the PCM storage vessel being defined by a thermally conductive wall 108, the PCM storage vessel 100 comprising an inverted tapered portion, the inverted tapered portion having a tip portion and a base portion, the tip portion having a diameter less than the diameter of the base portion, the tip portion being arranged relatively beneath the base portion, the at least one HTF receptacle being provided adjacent to and in thermal communication with at least a portion of the PCM storage vessel, thermal communication between the PCM storage vessel and the at least one HTF receptacle occurring via the thermally conductive wall, and wherein the HTF receptacle comprises a portion for receiving thermal energy from an external thermal energy source, the said the portion being adjacent the tip portion of the inverted tapered portion.

Abstract: A method of assembling a radiant cooler includes providing a vessel shell that defines a gas flow passage therein that extends generally axially through the vessel shell, forming a tube cage from coupling a plurality of cooling tubes together to form a tube cage defined by a plurality of chevron-shaped projections that extend circumferentially about a center axis of the tube cage, each chevron-shaped projection includes a first side and a second side coupled together a tip, circumferentially-adjacent pairs of projections coupled together such that a valley is defined between each pair of circumferentially-spaced projections, each of the projection tips is positioned radially outward from each of the valleys, and orienting the tube cage within the vessel shell such that the tube cage is in flow communication with the flow passage.

Abstract: A fin having a leading edge, a trailing edge opposing the leading edge, and a plurality of leading holes substantially centered along a leading axis. The fin further having a plurality of secondary holes substantially centered along a secondary axis, the secondary axis being substantially parallel to the leading axis and located between the leading axis and the trailing edge, the plurality of secondary holes being located so that the plurality of leading holes and the plurality of secondary holes form a substantially rectangular matrix. The fin further having a plurality of trailing holes substantially centered along a trailing axis, the trailing axis being substantially parallel to at least one of the leading axis and the secondary axis and located between the secondary axis and the trailing edge, each of the plurality of trailing holes being substantially equidistant from the respective two nearest secondary holes.

Abstract: A comb-like insert having a body and plurality of tapered fingers is installed with its fingers disposed within respective minichannels. The fingers and their respective minichannels are so sized as to restrict the channels and frictionally hold the insert in place in one dimension while providing for gaps in another dimension such that the flow of refrigerant is somewhat obstructed but allowed to pass through the gaps between the insert fingers and the minichannel walls and then expand as it passes along the tapered fingers to thereby provide a more homogenous mixture to the individual minichannels. A provision is also made to hold the insert in its installed position by way of internal structure within the inlet manifold. In one embodiment, an internal plate is provided for that purpose, and the plate has openings formed therein for the equalization of pressure on either side thereof.

Abstract: A heat exchanger apparatus includes an inlet header, an inlet connection connected to the inlet header, an outlet header, an outlet connection connected to the outlet header and a plurality of serpentine tube bodies. The plurality of serpentine tube bodies interconnect and are in communication with the inlet header and outlet header. Each serpentine tube body has a plurality of straight tube sections and a plurality of U-shaped return bend sections. Each one of the straight tube sections and each one of the return bend sections have an elliptically-shaped cross-sectional configuration. The plurality of serpentine tube bodies are arranged in a juxtaposed manner with consecutive ones of the serpentine tube bodies contacting each other at a point defining a series of stacked common planes disposed parallel with one another.

Abstract: A charge air cooler formed of copper or a copper alloy for withstanding high temperatures and high pressures is described. The charge air cooler is made to withstand temperatures over about 300° C. and pressures greater than about 40 bars in one embodiment, and temperatures over about 600° C. and pressures greater than 40 bars in additional embodiments. The heat transfer tubes are connected to manifolds at either end. The manifolds are preferably formed of copper or copper alloy with the tubes mechanically joined thereto. In one embodiment, the tubes are arranged in alternating angles with respect to each other. In a preferred embodiment, the tubes are arranged in offset alternating angles with respect to each other.

Abstract: A process for making a multilayer plastic tube heat exchanger with a ribbon of molten polymer being poured over layers of tubes, and then another layer of tubes being added and another ribbon of polymer. Heat exchanger structures so formed are also disclosed.

Abstract: A heat exchanger having an intermediate heating medium comprises a shell of the heat exchanger, a plurality of cylindrical partition tubes each of which has an annular space therein and is closed at both end portions thereof with annular walls, the cylindrical partition tubes being arranged concentrically in a mutually spaced manner in the shell, and helical coil-shaped heat exchanger tubes each of which is disposed in the annular space in the cylindrical partition tube. A high-temperature heating medium flows in the shell through clearances among the helically arranged multiple cylindrical partition tubes, a low-temperature heating medium flows in each of the helical coil-shaped heat exchanger tubes, and an intermediate heating medium chemically inactive with respect to both the high-temperature heating medium and the low-temperature heating medium and excellent in the heat transferring performance is passed through each of the annular spaces in the cylindrical partition tubes.

Abstract: In an evaporator composed by providing plural heat-transfer pipes for flowing cold water in a container into which a refrigerant is introduced, the heat-transfer pipes are divided into plural pipe groups and the pipe groups are arranged in a zigzag pattern with intervals between each adjacent pipe groups. Bubbles which are generated around the heat-transfer pipes provided lower position, easily come to the surface of the refrigerant, and further, there are few bubbles which degrade the performance of the heat-transfer pipes positioned around the center of the pipe groups, preventing a fall in the heat transfer coefficient.

Abstract: A heat exchanger comprising plates of thermoplastic tubes arranged in a way which minimizes the thermal resistance at the outer surface of the tubes preferably to not more than 5 times the resistance to heat transfer at the inside of the tubes. The tubes are arranged in the tube plates in groups that can be flat or slightly wavy, such as undulating in a periodic manner, or offset with open spaces facing groups of tubes in alternating rows. This is done in a way that maximizes turbulence outside the tubes and minimizes vortices which can trap coolant in the interstices between tubes.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a heat exchanger for a cooling cycle includes the steps of: preparing the pipes and the fins having through-holes through which the pipes are inserted, arranging the fins parallel depth-wise and in several separate groups depth-wise and then inserting the pipes through the through-holes of the fin groups, bending the outer portions of the pipes so that the fin groups separated from each other are piled in layers along the longitudinal direction of air flow and the inner portions of the pipes are arranged in at least two coplanar rows along the longitudinal direction of air flow, and wrenching the bending portion of the pipes to form each pipe row into a zigzag shape.

Abstract: A heater head assembly for a multi-cylinder heat engine the stirling engine, such as a multi-cylinder Stirling engine, having a plurality of regenerators and cylinders. Each regenerator has a regenerator manifold and each cylinder has a cylinder manifold. First identical cast heater tubes connect the regenerator manifold to first heater tube openings in a heater head manifold. Second identical cast heater tubes connect second heater tube openings in the heater head manifold to the cylinder manifold. The first and second heater tubes are parallel with respect to each other and form a pair of partial concentric staggered arrays. The heater tubes are rotationally asymmetric, having fin sections with less surface area upstream than downstream and thicknesses which decrease radially away from the central passageways of said heater tubes.

Abstract: The present invention provides a planned array tubes and circuits in a cooling coil for a thermal storage unit to maintain at least some of the vertical aisles between adjacent circuits or sets of circuits to provide communication through the coil to present more ice-contact surface area to the heat transfer fluid for maintenance of a fluid temperature at about the desired output temperature and to provide a circuit having a means to monitor and control termination of the ice build in a thermal storage unit.

Abstract: A cooling coil arrangement for a cylindrical tower provides coverage of a larger area of the cylindrical footprint of a cooling tower to enable more economical usage of the vertical tower storage capacity for ice thermal storage, which coil arrangement has a plurality of coils arranged in multiply arranged planes with serpentine layouts of each tubing length generally having a vee-shaped layout in each plane between the longitudinal axis of the tower and the tower housing, which tubing lengths are provided in each sector of each plane normal to the axis and having a tubing length therein, and the manifolds coupling the tubing lengths to inlet and outlet ports for circulating coolant fluid through the tubing lengths to cool the phase change fluid in the cooling tower, and a plurality of the serpentine tubing lengths vertically aligned and preferably arranged with the tubing section of one u-shaped segment of a first tubing length in vertical alignment with the gap of another of the tubing lengths which provide

Abstract: A generator which can prevent deterioration of the chilling performance and corrosion, and can provide a high degree of reliability and long service life is disclosed. The high-temperature generator comprises a combustion chamber for flowing a combustion gas therein, a first tube assembly and a second tube assembly provided in the combustion chamber each of which has a plurality of heat transfer tubes for containing liquid therein. The first tube assembly comprises a plurality of bare tubes and is arranged at an upstream of the second tube assembly. The second tube assembly comprises a plurality of finned tubes provided with fins on the outer surface thereof. The heat transfer tubes are arranged in a staggered manner in a direction of the combustion gas flow within each of the first tube assembly and the second tube assembly.

Abstract: An asymmetrical, or non-uniform arrangement of heat exchanging tubes in a second stage heat exchanger of an integrated flue gas treatment system provides improved flow characteristics and reduces or eliminates flooding caused by the counter-flow of upwardly rising flue gases and downwardly falling reagent and condensate through the heat exchanging tubes. The non-uniform spacing produces a non-uniform velocity profile with at least one low velocity region in each row, allowing reagent and condensate to drain downward at said low velocity region, thereby preventing high gas phase pressure drop caused by the onset of flooding. Embodiments are provided in which one of every six tubes are removed from each row in a uniform array of tubes, or one of every four tubes are removed from each row in a uniform array of tubes. Other asymmetrical, or non-uniform spacings are possible.

Abstract: A heat exchanger which, in one embodiment, includes an elongate tube having a plurality of straight tube segments and a plurality of bent tube segments to form a generally oval spiral configuration is described. The straight tube segments form opposite sides of the exchanger, and the straight tube segments are configured to be located substantially perpendicular to a direction of air flow. A space is formed between the exchanger opposite sides, and the cross-sectional area of the space between the exchanger opposite sides continuously decreases from a first end of the exchanger to a second end of the exchanger. An end straight tube segment substantially extends over, or substantially covers or closes, an opening between opposing tube segments at the exchanger second end. A plurality of heat exchange fins project outwardly from the elongate tube. Due to its general shape, the above described heat exchanger sometimes is referred to herein as a pyramid exchanger.

Abstract: Heat is transferred from a first fluid to a cooler second fluid with a heat exchanger having heat exchanger tubes in which the cooler second fluid flows, preferably in a counterflow to the first fluid. The heat exchanger tubes are arranged in more than three rows of heat exchanger tubes. The first fluid proceeds successively downstream through such rows in heat-transfer relationship with the heat exchanger tubes. Each downstream row of heat exchanger tubes has less throughput area for the first fluid than an adjacent upstream row of heat exchanger tubes as among at least the first three rows of heat exchanger tubes in the direction of flow of the first fluid. Each downstream row of heat exchanger tubes may have less heat exchanger tubes than an adjacent upstream row of heat exchanger tubes as among at least the first three of the rows of heat exchanger tubes in the direction of flow of the first fluid.

Abstract: An improved rod baffle heat exchangers is disclosed in which the tube bundle comprises a plurality of tubes supported intermediate therein by at least one outer ring and a plurality of baffle rods extending along diagonal lanes between the tubes.

Abstract: Disclosed are a fixed-bed, cross-flow catalytic reactor wherein reaction heat can be exchanged against a heat exchange medium circulating indirectly through the catalyst bed, and a catalytic process comprising operation of the cross-flow reactor. The reactor comprises a catalyst bed having internally embedded banks of heat exchange tubes. An inlet distributor distributes reactants along the axial length of the bed. The distributed fluid passes through the bed in a cross-flow path wherein a catalytic reaction occurs. The reaction effluent is then collected from the bed by an outlet product collector. A heat exchange medium circulated through the internal heat exchange tubes adds or removes reaction heat as required for enhanced conversion in the reactor. Multiple heat exchange tubes can be used, and inlet and discharge manifolds are provided for distributing the circulating heat exchange medium.

Abstract: An air-cooled oil-free rotary-type compressor in accordance with the invention includes a first air cooler including a plurality of cooling pipes, a check valve, and a second air cooler. The first air cooler, the check valve and the second air cooler are provided in a passage of compressed air discharged from a compressor body. The second air cooler is disposed in a first cooling air flow direction and the second air cooler is disposed in a second cooling air flow direction substantially perpendicular to the first cooling air flow direction. The plurality of cooling pipes of the first air cooler are arranged along the second cooling air flow direction.

Abstract: A matrix of heat exchange tubes in a heat exchanger in which a first fluid flows in the heat exchange tubes and undergoes heat exchange with a second fluid flowing externally on the heat exchange tubes. The tubes have a teardrop shape and are arranged in the matrix in parallel relation in rows in which each tube has a rounded surface at one end and a tapered narrow surface at the other end. The tubes in each row all face in the same direction and the tubes in alternate rows face in opposite directions. The tubes have alternate unequal spacing of distances a.sub.1 and a.sub.2 in successive rows. The tubes can be bent to form a U-shape matrix or a semi-circular matrix. The tubes are each manufactured by filling the space between an inner channel and an outer shell of the tube with a ceramic or metal.

Abstract: Heat exchange apparatus (10) for use in large vessels exposed to high thermal expansion and prone to acoustical noise and tube bundle resonance associated with high gas velocity comprises a shell (12) having a fluid inlet (14) and a fluid outlet (16). A plurality of heat exchange tubes (18, 20) are housed in the shell and extend parallel to each other substantially the length of the shell. The tubes are arranged so there is a central core (22), an inner layer (24) of tubes surrounding the central core, and an outer layer (26) of tubes surrounding the inner layer. The inner and outer layers of tubes are all in a common tube pattern. The tubes in one layer are rotated with respect to the tubes in the other layer. This results in tubes in both layers being arranged in different tube patterns in different portions or segments of each layer. That is, the pattern (34) of the tubes in one segment (28A) differs from the pattern (32) in adjoining arcuate and radial segments (28B, 28L, 30A).

Abstract: Spent surface finishing compound is filtered and cooled or heated for reuse in a machine finishing process. The spent finishing compound is filtered through a pleated polyester or polypropylene wound filter cartridge to remove particles of a predetermined size ranging from about 0.5 to 100 microns. The surface finishing compound circulates through an in-line, constant flow intercooler having a chamber for receiving and maintaining the finishing compound in a spiral circulation. The surface finishing compound circulates about cooling tubes positioned within the chamber. Heat is exchanged between the circulating water within the cooling tubes and the surface finishing compound.

Abstract: A finned heat exchanger for increased heat transfer from liquid to air, includes of a plurality of stacked thin plates of conductive metal sheeting which are provided with stamped and drawn, slightly conical collars of elliptical, oval or other oblong cross section. The plates are stacked and assembled with the collars of each sheet forcefully pushed into the collars of the adjoining plate, thus effecting tightly closed ducts for the passage of the liquid. The thus-created ducts are arranged in rows and columns, wherein the long axes of the oblong cross section are inclined towards the center line of each column at an angle of 12.degree.-16.degree. to the left and to the right in alternate columns, and wherein the ducts in the rows are staggered in the direction of air flow, every second duct being disposed in forward direction by about half the length of the long axis of its cross section.

Abstract: Heat exchange apparatus (10) for use in large vessels exposed to high thermal expansion and prone to acoustical noise and tube bundle resonance associated with high gas velocity comprises a shell (12) having a fluid inlet (14) and a fluid outlet (16). A plurality of heat exchange tubes (18, 20) are housed in the shell and extend parallel to each other substantially the length of the shell. The tubes are arranged so there is a central core (22) devoid of tubes, an inner layer (24) of tubes surrounding the central core, and an outer layer (26) of tubes surrounding the inner layer. The inner and outer layers of tubes are divided into segments (28, 30). The pattern (34) of the tubes in one segment (28A) is different from the pattern (32) of the tubes in the adjoining arcuate and radial segments (28B, 28L, 30A) so a checkered pattern of two different tube layouts is formed to reduce acoustical noise and prevent bundle resonance.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for exchanging heat between fluids comprising a shell and five tube bundles laid out as to collectively form a series of concentric pentagons, wherein each adjacent pair of tube bundles define an angle of 108.degree. and extend longitudinally within said shell and define a central space between them, said central space also extending longitudinally in said shell and being parallel to said tubes; each tube bundle consisting of a plurality of longitudinally extending parallel tubes in end view laid out in a set of parallel lines wherein each tube on a first parallel line with the two nearest tubes each on a second line adjacent to said first line forms an isosceles triangle having one angle of 72.degree. and two angles each of 54.degree.. This allows simple heat exchanger tube layout which is easy to fabricate and provide a compact tube bundle. The tube layout utilizes core tube entry of fluids and can accommodate internal core tubes or bypasses to cope with differential expansion.

Abstract: In a boiler, particularly a recirculating fluidized bed boiler, the tubes of heat exchanger banks (panels) are connected together so that they are securely supported against sideways movement. A first heat transfer panel has a first plurality of elongated heat transfer tubes, vertically stacked one atop the other, and extending horizontally in a first dimension; and a second heat transfer panel has a second plurality of vertically stacked heat transfer tubes extending horizontally in a second dimension, perpendicular to the first dimension. The panels are supported by walls of the boiler reaction chamber. Connectors attach one of the tubes of the second bank to the first bank to stiffen the first bank against sideways movement. The connectors may be bollard or triangularly shaped lugs welded to or operatively engaging tubes of both banks, or a tube of the first bank may be bent to form a loop, with a tube of the second bank passing through the loop and engaging the bends of the bent tube.

Abstract: In flue and water tube boilers provided with water tubes arranged in a combustion reaction zone or a convective heating zone, the values of L/D or H/D satisfy the following relationships:1.8.ltoreq.L/D.ltoreq.2.5 and1.2.ltoreq.H/D.ltoreq.1.7and the water tubes are disposed in an (aligned) in-line arrangement. L(mm) is the longitudinal pitch of the water tubes taken in the direction of gas flow, D(mm) is the outer diameter of the water tubes and H(mm) is the transverse pitch of the water tubes taken at right angles to the direction of gas flow.

Abstract: A heat exchanger having an inlet duct for admission of a first fluid to be heated, an outlet duct for discharge of the first fluid after heating thereof, the ducts being arranged in substantially parallel relation, and an assembly of a plurality of heat exchanger tubes connected to the inlet and outlet ducts for receiving the first fluid from the inlet duct to convey the first fluid through the tubes for discharge into the outlet duct. The heat exchanger tubes are of U-shape, each including first and second straight leg portions respectively connected to the inlet and outlet ducts and a curved bend region connecting the straight leg portions for reversing the direction of flow of the first fluid from the first leg portion to the second leg portion. The assembly of heat exchanger tubes projects laterally of the ducts into the path of travel of a second fluid which flows around the tubes in a passage area.

Abstract: In order to create a space-saving, block-like heat exchanger duct bundle 14 from externally wired heat exchanger tubes without additional support structures, the heat exchanger ducts each consist of a core tube 3 having a coiled wire wrapping of wiring 16 extending over the entire length of the core tube (3), the turns of the coil are shaped so that the periphery of the wrapped coil has oppositely situated flat zones 13 to enable the ducts to be packed together. Preferably the peripheries of the wrapped coils are hexagonal in cross-section as shown so that the bundle forms a honeycomb structure.

Abstract: In a tube heat exchanger, each tube in a set has a non-round cross-section and two or more ridges extending helically around the tube's center line for keeping the center lines of the tubes at defined distances from each other, some of the tubes (14) being arranged so that the distance between the center lines of two adjacent tubes is essentially the same as or less than the sum of the radii of the circles circumscribing these tubes. Flattened cross-sections of the tubes may form a pattern of squares; or the center lines of the tubes may form a dividing pattern in the form of equilateral triangles, two adjacent tubes resting against each other at supporting points where the flattened cross-section of one tube forms a right angle with the flattened cross-section of the adjacent tube on the same level.