Abstract: A combined water heating, space heating and space cooling system configured to provide hot water to a point of demand and heat or cool a space. The system comprises a heat pump operably connected to the space, a water flow loop including a main heat exchanger, a fluid mover for moving a fluid configured to flow within the flow loop, an air-to-water heat exchanger, a burner adapted to heat the fluid, a blower having an air inlet end and an air outlet end, wherein the blower is adapted to move air through the air-to-water heat exchanger and operably connected to the main heat exchanger and a secondary heat exchanger operably connecting the flow loop and the heat pump. The air-to-water heat exchanger is disposed on the air inlet end and the main heat exchanger is disposed on the air outlet end.

Abstract: A circulating path 12 is provided for circulating a heat transfer medium across the cooling section 6A and an exhaust heat exchanger 9. The circulating path 12 is communicated to an output heat exchanger which is mounted on a hot water storage. The heat transfer medium is circulated by a pump 10 from the exhaust heat exchanger 9 to the oil heat exchanger 5 and the cooling section 6A. The heat transfer medium to be introduced into the exhaust heat exchanger 9 is so controlled in the flow rate that a temperature of the water vapor in the exhaust gas is declined to a temperature lower than the dew point. The heat transfer medium when having received heat directly from the exhaust gas and heat generated by condensation of the exhaust heat is conveyed to the cooling section 6A where its temperature soars up further.

Abstract: A boiler system includes combustion air conduit for directing the flow of combustion air through a first air heater (e.g., A-side heater) to a boiler and flue gas conduit for directing the flow of flue gas generated by the boiler to a second air heater (e.g., B-side heater). The combustion air conduit is configured to direct the majority of the combustion air to the first air heater, and the flue gas conduit is configured to direct the majority of the flue gas from the boiler to the second air heater.

Abstract: A circulating path 12 is provided for circulating a heat transfer medium across the cooling section 6A and an exhaust heat exchanger 9. The circulating path 12 is communicated to an output heat exchanger which is mounted on a hot water storage. The heat transfer medium is circulated by a pump 10 from the exhaust heat exchanger 9 to the oil heat exchanger 5 and the cooling section 6A. The heat transfer medium to be introduced into the exhaust heat exchanger 9 is so controlled in the flow rate that a temperature of the water vapor in the exhaust gas is declined to a temperature lower than the dew point. The heat transfer medium when having received heat directly from the exhaust gas and heat generated by condensation of the exhaust heat is conveyed to the cooling section 6A where its temperature soars up further.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to a system and a method for reclaiming process water in a manufacturing plant and more particularly, relates to a system and a method for reclaiming process water from a cooling tower exhaust gas which contains at least 80% relative humidity by utilizing a heat exchanger equipped with cooling elements that are cooled by a flow of exhaust gas formed by a general exhaust and a scrubber exhaust from a semiconductor fabrication facility.

Abstract: In a gas turbine inlet air cooling system that includes a heat exchanger to cool gas turbine inlet air which is taken from the atmosphere, by using chilled cooling water and a gas turbine using gas turbine inlet air as air for combustion and a chilled refrigerant supply apparatus to supply the chilled cooling water to the heat exchanger, the gas turbine inlet air cooling system has an adjustment valve that makes the cooling water of the cooling water return pipe heated by the heat exchanger join the chilled cooling water of the cooling water supply pipe that is supplied from the chilled refrigerant supply equipment. The gas turbine inlet air cooling system detects the temperature of the cooling water that is supplied to the heat exchanger with a temperature detector and controls the temperature of the cooling water by adjusting the opening of the adjustment valve.

Abstract: A humidifier for adjusting the humidity level in a building, the humidifier having a heat exchange tube adapted to be heated by a furnace as the furnace heats air to be circulated through the building; an evaporation tube, in fluid communication with the heat exchange tube, adapted to maintain fluid at a first level when the furnace is not heating air; and a purge line in fluid communication with the evaporation tube, the purge line being adapted to drain fluid from the humidifier when the furnace is heating air and the fluid is at a second level.

Abstract: The invention disclosed herein relates to a dehydrator for removing moisture from a gas. The dehydrator has a narrow elongate conduit having an equivalent hydraulic diameter which facilitates the diffusion of water molecules through the gas to a cooled gas contact surface of the conduit. Despite the use of narrow elongate gas flow path, the dehydration efficiency of the apparatus of the invention is outstanding and pluggage of the gas flow path is substantially eliminated.

Abstract: A condensing heat exchanger for removing acidic vapors and recovering residual waste heat energy normally rejected into the atmosphere from a fossil fueled boiler flue gas stream, wherein the waste heat energy in the boiler flue gas is recovered by multiple evaporative and condensing heat exchangers and by a heat pump refrigeration system to recover heat energy from the flue gas stream and to preheat the boiler combustion air stream and boiler feed water stream.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for simultaneously preheating cullet and removing pollutants from glass furnace gases is disclosed. Raw moist cullet having fine glass dust material and other impurities adhered to its surface is heated by furnace gases which remove the moisture and the impurities by entrainment. The dry, clean cullet is then electrically charged and used to filter the exhaust gases which have been electrostatically charged.

Abstract: An economizer apparatus for a fossil fuel fired vapor generation apparatus which includes a housing having an inlet and an outlet and a wall extending generally between the inlet and the outlet to define first and second flow paths in the housing. The inlet may include means for connection to an associated vapor generation apparatus and means for connection to an associated stack. Heat exchange tubing is disposed in the first flow path having the interior thereof coupled to associated working fluid of the vapor generation apparatus. The apparatus also includes apparatus in the second flow path to control flow in the second flow path. In most embodiments of the invention the apparatus also includes a bypass conduit for selectively directing fluid flow around the heat exchange tubing. Ordinarily this will be desirable when the damper is obstructing fluid flow in the second flow channel.

Abstract: A apparatus for simultaneously preheating cullet and removing pollutants from glass furnace gases is disclosed. Raw moist cullet having fine glass dust material and other impurities adhered to its surface is heated by furnace gases which remove the moisture and the impurities by entrainment. The dry, clean cullet is then electrically charged and used to filter the exhaust gases which have been electrostatically charged.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for removing pollutants, especially oxides of sulphur and nitrogen, from boiler plant flue gases. A series of heat exchange steps cool the gas and condense acidic condensates. SO.sub.3 is removed by condensation, and SO.sub.2 is removed by either extraction or a combination of oxidation and condensation.

Abstract: A condensing furnace which includes an outdoor coil of the type having aluminum fins pressed to copper tubes through which a refrigerant is conducted. Heat is generated, preferably from a flame, and the relatively intense temperature (approximately 2200.degree. F.) is de-intensified before reaching the aluminum fins by generally sinusoidal de-intensifier tubes positioned between the flames and the fins of the coil. Since the de-intensifier tubes reduce the temperature of the flue of gases virtually instantly to approximately 50.degree. F., condensation forms not only upon the de-intensifier tubes but also upon the aluminum fins of the coil which prevents acidic deterioration and corrosion thereof, while at the same time maintaining extremely high Btu absorption.

Abstract: An outdoor unit includes at least a compressor and an outdoor heat exchanger coupled to the compressor. Each of a plurality of indoor units includes at least an indoor heat exchanger. A distribution unit couples the outdoor unit in parallel with the plurality of indoor units to constitute respective refrigeration cycles. The distribution unit has a plurality of refrigeration flow regulating members corresponding to the respective refrigeration cycles. A dew formation preventive member acts on the distribution unit to heat air in the distribution unit, thereby suppressing dew formation in the distribution unit.

Abstract: A cooling apparatus for cooling a given device which is incorporated in a computer or similar electronic equipment and generates heat by circulating a liquid coolant through the device of interest. A secondary cooling liquid exchanges heat with a primary cooling liquid in a heat exchanger and then flows into the device of the equipment. When the difference in temperature between the secondary cooling liquid and the interior of the equipment decreases beyond a predetermined value, a heat exchanging mechanism is caused to stop operating. On the increase of the difference in temperature beyond the predetermined value, the heat exchanging mechanism is caused to begin operating again. Alternatively, the operation of a secondary cooling liquid feeding mechanism may be interrupted and then set up again on the basis for the above-mentioned difference in temperature.

Abstract: A system for cooling flue gases from a fossil fuel boiler plant, and removing pollutants from the flue gas, is disclosed. In a first section of the apparatus, heat exchange cools the flue gas to just above the condensation point of water, and condensed H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 is collected. In a second section, the gas is cooled further and an acid-containing condensate is collected.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for recovering heat from a gas stream contaminated with water vapor and an acid-forming moiety, said gas having an acid dew point ranging from about 200.degree. F. to 300.degree. F. and a water dew point ranging from about 90.20 F. to 150.degree. F. The inventive method comprises passing the gas stream through a heat exchange fitted with a plurality of generally-parallel tubes through which flow heat exchanging fluid counter-current to the flow of said gas stream in said heat exchanger. The heat exchanging fluid is at a temperature such that the exterior tube temperature is at or below both said dew points, or the temperature of the contaminated gas stream exiting the heat exchanger is at or below both said dew points. The tubes are formed from acid-resistant, resin-impregnated graphite and exhibit a smooth, washable exterior surface. The heat exchanger further is fitted with a pair of side apertured tube sheets through which said tubes penetrate.

Abstract: An assembly using horizontally oriented heat exchange pipes (10, 10a) and a blower unit (11) for providing heated air adjacent to a furnace (100) and hot water heater (102) is described. The blower unit includes heat exchanger pipes with a downwardly inclined section (10d) and an upwardly inclined section (10e) from horizontal to and from a low point (10c) with a drain (12) for condensed liquids from the flue products exhaust pipe (10a) at the low point. The drain removes condensed liquids which are highly corrosive from the exhaust products pipe without allowing flue gases to pass through the drain.

Abstract: A plate-type air-to-air heat exchanger is provided with a control device disposed directly adjacent the corner of the heat exchanger located between the cold air inlet and the warm air outlet. The control device includes a swingable baffle plate positioned adjacent the corner for partially closing off the cold air inlet directly adjacent the corner to deflect the inflowing cold air away from the corner to prevent build up of frost or ice. The baffle is controlled by a motor which in turn is preferably controlled in response to the outside air temperature.

Abstract: Air heater resisting corrosion, using combustion products from thermal equipment, the combustion products containing polluting and corrosive agents such as sulfur oxidized components and sodium and vanadium salts, the air heater including at least one tube nest through which flows the air to be heated, which is placed in the path of travel of the corrosive fumes prior to their discharge to the atmosphere, the corrosive fumes flowing countercurrent to the air to be heated and flowing through the tubes, this heater further comprising a protective tubular nest placed upstream of the tube nest, this protective nest being fed with a constant flow of cold air circulating in the same direction as the fumes, this cold air flow and the exchange surface of the protective nest being chosen in such manner that the temperature of the first tubes of the heater tubular nest is at all times below the sodium and vanadium corrosion critical temperature.

Abstract: A combustion air heating system includes both an air heater for preheating the combustion air by heat exchange with flue gases and an air preheater for preheating the combustion air prior to entry into the air heater. The air preheater operates by heat exchange between the combustion air discharge from the air heater and a bypass stream of combustion air located upstream of the air preheater. The amount of combustion air flowing through the bypass duct is controlled so that the temperature in the air heater does not fall below the dew point of the acid gases present in the flue gas.

Abstract: Garbage incinerator fumes containing water vapor and HCl are drawn downwardly over a cooled tube bundle (41) in a vertical heat exchanger (4), whereat the water vapor condenses and the HCl dissolves in the condensate, which then falls into a collection reservoir (43) for siphon removal. The fumes are maintained above their dew-point temperature throughout the process.

Abstract: A heat recovery system for at least partially cooling and at least partially cleaning an exhaust stream of hot air from a heating operation which is contaminated with vaporized, condensable liquids and with finely divided particulate solids comprising (a) a first indirect heat exchange means for partially cooling the hot exhaust stream with a fresh stream of cold air to a temperature not significantly above the dew point of vaporized liquids entrained in the hot air stream and for partially heating the fresh stream of air, (b) solids collecting means for centrifugally separating a substantial portion of the finely divided solids from the partially cooled exhaust stream and (c) second indirect heat exchange means for further cooling the exhaust stream to a temperature below the dew point of vaporized liquids initially contained therein to thereby liquefy a significant portion of the vaporized liquids and to further heat the stream of fresh air.

Abstract: Heat is removed from, or supplied to, a vertical pipe of any cross-section, whose internal temperature is above or below the ambient temperature and whose wall temperature must neither exceed nor fall below a predetermined temperature range, by a method in which, in order to maintain the predetermined temperature range, the pipe is provided with a coaxial sheath and gas is passed through the gap between the pipe and the sheath. The invention is particularly directed to maintaining a predetermined temperature range at the outer pipe wall of the vertically oriented, double walled pipes which connect the reaction sections with the collectors in a steam reformer.

Abstract: A furnace having the capability of operating its blower continuously is provided with means for automatically shutting off the blower at the beginning of a heating cycle and for resuming the operation thereof only after a predetermined time has elapsed to allow the heat exchanger to heat up to a temperature that exceeds the dew point of the flue gas, to thereby reduce the occurrence of cold spot corrosion in the heat exchanger. Provision is also made, in a two speed blower system, for operating at a lower speed during continuous mode and heating cycle operation, and for operating at the higher speed during the cooling cycles.

Abstract: A heating apparatus includes a refrigeration cycle having a compressor, an indoor heat exchanger, and a refrigerant-heating unit. The unit includes a heat exchanger section through which a refrigerant flows, a burner, and a guide duct for guiding a combustion gas produced by the combustion of the burner so as to heat the refrigerant flowing through the heat exchanger section. A combustion rate of the burner is controlled in accordance with the difference between a room temperature and a preset temperature. When the combustion rate is within a specified range, it is shifted, in accordance with the temperature of the refrigerant flowing into the heat exchanger section, so as to prevent the condensation of water vapor in the combustion gas flowing through the guide duct.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for recovering heat from exhaust gases which includes a plurality of separately divided portions, a fluid passage mechanism for a fluid disposed within each of the portions, a bypass mechanism for the fluid for bypassing each of the portions and a valve mechanism for selectively operating the fluid passage mechanism or the bypass mechanism. The plurality of portions may constitute at least two chambers separately provided in the heat exchanger or at least two parts independently provided ion the heat exchanger. In addition, discharge means for discharging the fluid in the plurality of portions is provided.

Abstract: An exhaust gas containing sulfur trioxide is passed through a first heat exchanger which cools the gas to a temperature which is above the sulfur trioxide dewpoint, so that condensation of sulfur trioxide does not occur in the first heat exchanger, but below a material limit operating temperature of a second heat exchanger, which further cools the gas below the sulfur trioxide dewpoint, whereby the first heat exchanger is protected against corrosion and the second heat exchanger is protected against thermal damage.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for removing moisture from smoke produced in a chemical reaction, such as a combustion reaction, by circulating outside air in heat-exchange relationship with smoke at a point near the chamber where the smoke is produced, thereby heating the air and cooling and partially dehydrating the smoke. A portion of the air which is thus heated is passed in further heat-exchange relationship with smoke and is then directed toward a smoke discharge stack where it is mixed with the partially dehydrated smoke.

Abstract: In a heat exchange unit that recovers waste heat from carbon black smoke by preheating oxygen-containing gas such as air being passed to a carbon black producing reactor, a control loop is provided that automatically diverts the oxygen-containing gas being preheated through a by-pass line if the temperature of the effluent smoke being removed from the heat exchange is below a minimum temperature value in order to minimize the deposition of carbon on the heat exchange surfaces in said heat exchange zone.

Abstract: A cooling system for maintaining the temperature within electronic equipment has a circulation system for pumping a cooling liquid, such as water, through the electronic equipment where it picks up heat generated by the electronic equipment. The cooling liquid is pumped through a plurality of heat exchangers using a refrigerant which is, in turn, pumped through a compressor-condensor combination, each heat exchanger having approximately the same cooling capacity. A central control selects the number of heat exchangers which are to operate at any given time, on a basis of the differential in the temperature of the water being pumped into and out of the electronic equipment. This maintains a desired and relatively wide range of temperatures. A heating element selectively and controllably heats the cooled water to bring the wide range of temperatures to a selected and fixed temperature.

Abstract: The temperature of a burner in the reaction zone of a partial oxidation gas generator is controlled so that there is substantially no condensation of H.sub.2 O from the hot raw product gas on the surface of the burner. Burner corrosion is thereby reduced. In the method, burner coolant is introduced into the burner at a pressure greater than that in the reaction zone and at a temperature in the range of about 5.degree. to 50.degree. F. higher than the dew point of the raw product gas contacting the burner in the reaction zone. The heated water coolant leaving the burner flows to a pressurized receiving vessel and its temperature is reduced by expansion into a feed vessel. Saturated steam is produced from a portion of the flashed water and is separated in the feed vessel for use as a heat source. Steam condensate is thereby produced and recycled to the feed vessel as make-up. The cooled liquid water coolant is then pumped into the inlet to the burner at a higher pressure than that in the feed vessel.

Abstract: Dissolving salt encrustations which are deposited by exceeding the saturation limit from a gas saturated with water vapor on the heat exchanging surfaces of a heat exchanger, by passing the gas through a heat exchanger subdivided into several sections. The predominant part of the sections is subjected to a hot fluid heating the gas saturated with water vapor and the smaller part of the sections to a cold fluid for cooling the gas below the dew point. The salt crust is dissolved in the cooled sections by the separated condensation water and the salt solution is drained from the heat exchanger. After the salt crust is removed, the cooled sections are subjected to the hot fluid and parts of the heated sections to the cold fluid.

Abstract: A reaction tube system of a steam reformer, more generally referred to as tubular cracking furnace, for the indirect heating of cracking feedstock, such as the catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons, includes a plurality of reaction tubes and headers, the reaction tubes penetrating through the bottom of the steam reformer and being extended to the associated header by low-alloy tube sections attached to the tubes by circumferential welds. The reaction tubes are surrounded in the area of the weld(s) by a coaxial protective tube having one open end and defining a free annular space around the reaction tube. The protective tube prevents deterioration by corrosion of the weld(s) joining the tube sections of high-alloy steel with low-alloy extension sections with unalloyed steel extension section.

Abstract: A rotary, Perkins tube heat exchanger for processing hot contaminated gas flows emanating from appliances such as laundry driers, grain driers and the like. The case of the heat exchanger is located relative to the rotor so as to lie in the gas flow boundary layer established by the latter. The case is provided with a boundary layer purge port in the hot gas chamber. An airfoil extends inwardly from the case into the gas flow boundary layer. It causes increased local turbulance in the boundary layer gas. It also diverts a predetermined proportion of the boundary layer gas and its burden of contamination products out through the purge port. The boundary layer airflow cleans both the interior of the case and the rotor, even through the rotor is characterized by the presence of a multiplicity of small openings. The device thus is rendered self-cleaning and may be operated for extended periods of time without buildup of contaminants within the heat exchanger case.

Abstract: A compact secondary heat exchanger, installed in the path of room air through the casing of a gas furnace, utilizes a unitary condensing coil having parallel upper, middle and lower sets of tubes through which the flue gas passes sequentially to a collector manifold, exhausted by a blower. The coil is slanted downwardly from the hot gas manifold. Condensate formed in the first and second sets of tubes flows downward to an intermediate manifold between the first and second sets of tubing, condensate from this intermediate manifold is drained downward to a collector manifold beneath.

Abstract: A heat pipe apparatus incorporated in a heat exchanger comprises an evaporative pipe group disposed within a flow of a heating fluid, a condenser pipe group located away from the evaporative pipe group, a passage for connecting both pipe groups and for circulating therethrough a working medium, an another passage branching off from the connecting passage, and at least one another condenser pipe group associated with the another passage. The condenser pipe group and the another condenser pipe group are disposed within two flows of fluid to be heated so as to heat them.

Abstract: A ventilation heat recovery system is mounted in a livestock building or the like. The system includes a counterflow shell and tube heat exchanger with an outer sleeve axially surrounding the shell along a substantial longitudinal portion thereof. Air is drawn from the ambient atmosphere into the shell for heat-exchanging flow counter to exhaust air that is drawn from the building atmosphere and forced through the exchanger tubes for exhausting to the ambient atmosphere. An annular-shaped distribution channel is formed between the outer sleeve and the shell, and the sleeve has a plurality of distribution orifices therealong for distributing incoming air to the building atmosphere. The channel is in flow communication with the shell through a transition zone defined between the end of the shell and a transition manifold which supports the tubes. Alternatively, the shell is in flow communication with a remote distribution duct having a plurality of distribution orifices.

Abstract: The herein disclosed multipass corrosion-proof preheater comprises a plurality of passes. The passes are formed by bundles of heat-transfer tubes for the passage of heating gases and interconnected in series, with respect to air supply, by means of connecting air lines. Air is supplied to the tubefield of the heat-transfer tubes via air supply line accommodating a device designed for high-temperature preheat of part of the air supplied to the tubefield of the heat-transfer tubes of the first pass. The air preheater further comprises a bypass air line serving to communicate the air line with the connecting air line via mixer mounted in the latter. In addition, the air preheater is provided with a device for low-temperature preheat of air, mounted in the air line upstream of the device when viewed in the direction of air flow. The bypass air line is connected to the air line between the devices for low- and high temperature air preheat.