Abstract: The publication relates to means for cooling a body, comprising at least a tube through which a liquid coolant is flowing in order to remove heat away from the at least one tube and its surroundings. The tube(s) houses an internally arranged hose having a wall thickness, permeability and/or porousity and a quality which corresponds to the heat energy to be removed from the tube(s) and/or it surroundings. The hose has preferably an outer diameter which corresponds substantially to the internal diameter of the tube(s) and the hose is formed of a texture of a flexible material such as for example textile or fiberglass. The hose may be fastened to the tube at its inlet end.

Abstract: A system for transferring heat from a first (inner) surface through a second (outer) surface. The system includes at least two adjacent porous and thermally conductive layers between the first surface and the second surface. The innermost layer is characterized by a relatively high porosity and the outermost layer is characterized by a relatively low porosity. The innermost layer houses a fluid coolant. The pores of the innermost and outermost layers are coupled, permitting coolant flow therebetween. A vapor chamber is positioned between the outer surface and an outer member. A controller is adapted to control the vapor pressure in the vapor chamber whereby the coolant has a liquid vapor phase transition in the outermost layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fast neutron nuclear reactor equipped with residual power removal devices.Each device comprises an evaporator incorporating a bundle of tubes in glove finger-like form immersed in the liquid metal contained in the reactor vessel, an adiabatic collector constituted by a pipe traversing the slab sealing the reactor vessel and a condenser in which the heat transfer fluid, such as mercury, contained in said device is condensed by heat exchange with the atmospheric air sucked in through the chimney or flue.Application to fast neutron nuclear reactors.

Abstract: A closed-loop heat transfer system comprises a heat pipe (10) and an external liquid-phase pump (11). The heat pipe (10) includes an evaporator (12) and a condenser (13) connected by a conduit (14). The evaporator (12) is a hollow structure having an interior surface defining an evaporation region in which a working field in liquid phase absorbs heat from a heat source by evaporation. A capillary pumping structure, e.g., capillary channels (30) or a fine-mesh screen (41), is provided on or adjacent the interior wall of the evaporator (12). Evaporated working fluid laden with heat is thermodynamically driven substantially adiabatically via the conduit (14) from the evaporator (12) to the condenser (13), wherein the working fluid rejects heat to a heat sink by condensation. Condensed working fluid is thereupon returned from the condenser (13) to the evaporator (12) via external conduits (22, 15) by means of the liquid-phase pump (11).

Abstract: In thermal cracking of hydrocarbons, especially steam cracking to light olefins, a transfer line heat exchanger unit is provided in which cracked gas flows from a furnace into heat exchange tubes, which comprises a distributor having an inlet for said gas and two or three diverging branches forming with said distributor a wye or tri-piece for passage of gas, each branch having along its length a substantially uniform cross-sectional area and being in fluid flow communication with a respective cooling tube. Unfired residence time and pressure drop are reduced, thereby improving selectivity to ethylene.

Abstract: The thermosiphon is improved by providing the condenser section on the outer wall thereof with a heat storage section and further providing the condenser section in the lower portion thereof and adjacently to the heat storage section with a fluid reservoir for receiving the working fluid which has been condensed in the condenser section. In this thermosiphon, the working fluid which has been vaporized by the absorbed heat is condensed on the inner wall of the condenser section with liberation of part of its heat to the exterior of the thermosiphon. The remainder of the heat is accumulated in the heat storage section.

Abstract: The disclosed continuous casting mold is especially constructed for use with a vaporizable coolant which is nonreactive with the molten metal being cast or the mold itself and includes an inner mold body having a longitudinal solidification chamber therethrough, an intermediate mold body surrounding and spaced from the inner mold body to define an annular cooling chamber therebetween and an outer mold body surrounding and spaced from the intermediate mold body to define an annular manifold chamber therebetween. Coolant access means associated typically with the outer mold body provides entry for coolant into the manifold chamber.

Abstract: Radioactive liquids are stored in coils placed in tanks containing circulating cooling medium. The liquid in the coil is circulated by a fluidic pump. In the event of a failure in the pumps circulating the cooling medium the decay heat will cause the cooling medium to boil. A reflux condensor fitted to the tank prevents loss of cooling medium during such periods of pump malfunction.

Abstract: The entry portions of the tubes of a Worrell-type emergency cooler are modified so that the peak temperature of said modified tube is maintained at less than about 650.degree. F., thereby allowing carbon steel to be employed for heat transfer tubes. Such entry portions feature tubular members (conveniently called ferrules) having controlled thermal conductivity significantly greater than conventional insulators, but significantly less than conventional thermal conductors.

Abstract: A flame arrestor is provided which can be connected with closely adjacent upstream and downstream portions of a pipeline. The gas flows through an array of narrow tubes immersed in the lower half of a normally liquid heat transfer fluid, thus normally maintaining the gas composition at ambient temperature. Even if a flame front enters either connector of the flame arrestor, the cooling effectively quenches the flame before the flame front can advance through the liquid-cooled narrow tubes to the other connector of the flame arrestor. The array of tubes is arranged as a return loop so that each tube can maintain structural integrity while expanding and contracting during rapid changes of temperature. Moreover, such return loop permits the connectors to be more readily attached to the upstream and downstream adjacent portions of the pipeline.

Abstract: In a system in which compressed ethylene is scheduled to flow through pipes, and in which there is danger of decomposition of ethylene and danger of the spreading of a reaction boundary of the exothermic decomposition reaction, a method and means are provided for quenching the advancement of the decomposition. Ethylene is directed from large diameter pipes into an array of spaced apart small diameter tubes which are not overheated when subjected to the combination of head and tail boundaries of the advancing plug of decomposition products. Such overheating of the tubes by the leading and trailing flames can be prevented by cooling the exterior of the tubes with a fluid normally maintained at about ambient temperature, thereby cooling the compressed ethylene sufficiently to quench the decomposition reaction. The cooling fluid is desirably an aqueous system adapted to be converted to steam under severe conditions.

Abstract: A flame arrestor directs the gas stream to flow through an array of narrow tubes immersed in a normally liquid heat transfer fluid. The gas composition flowing through the flame arrestor is normally maintained at the ambient temperature of such liquid. Even if a flame front enters either connection for the flame arrestor, the cooling effectively quenches the flame before the flame front can advance through the liquid-cooled narrow tubes to the other connector of the flame arrestor, because such a large amount of liquid must be evaporated before the flame arrestor can be heated above the boiling point of the liquid. At both the inlet and outlet zones, where there is a transition between the relatively large cross-sectional area of the array of tubes and the smaller pipes for connecting to the pipeline, a hollow, liquid-cooled member serves as an internal baffle for such transition zone.

Abstract: A heat storage system provides overload capacity for a vaporization-cooled electrical apparatus. An external housing, containing a heat storage fluid, is disposed around a fluid conductor connecting a non-condensable gas storage reservoir and the radiator of a vaporization-cooled electrical apparatus. At normal loads, the non-condensable gas is contained within the fluid conductor and the storage reservoir thereby thermally isolating the storage fluid from the hot vapors contained within a radiator which keeps the storage fluid at ambient temperatures. A pressure increase, caused by an overload, compresses the non-condensable gas into the storage reservoir and allows the hot vapors to flow into a portion of the fluid conductor surrounded by the external housing whereby heat is dissipated from the hot vapors to the storage fluid contained within the external housing.

Abstract: Overpressure protection for a vaporization cooled electrical inductive apparatus. A pressure responsive device is actuated by a predetermined pressure within a sealed housing and de-energizes a pump, thereby stopping the flow of dielectric fluid to the heat producing members which prevents further pressure increases within a tank due to continued vaporization of the dielectric fluid. In one embodiment, a discharge valve is actuated by the pressure responsive device to drain the dielectric fluid from the windings to prevent further pressure increases caused by continued vaporization of the dielectric fluid. A fusible link is provided to disconnect the windings of the electrical inductive apparatus from a source of electrical potential subsequent to the de-energization of the pump. In another embodiment, the pressure responsive device actuates the circuit breaker which disconnects the windings of the electrical inductive apparatus from the source of electrical potential.

Abstract: A boiling surface layer is formed on a thermally conductive wall comprising a plurality of ridges separated by grooves provided at microscopic density, with outer sections of the ridges partly deformed into adjacent grooves to provide sub-surface cavities with restricted openings to the outer surface and sub-surface, openings between some of the cavities.