Abstract: An apparatus for cooling a heat generating member by utilizing the latent heat of vaporization of a boiling refrigerant, having a cooling vessel including an evaporator section containing the boiling refrigerant and adapted to transmit the heat generated by the heat generating member to the refrigerant, and a condenser section for liquefying the gasified refrigerant; a liquid refrigerant reservoir open at its upper end and adapted to store a body of the refrigerant which does not directly take part in a cooling operation while the cooling operation is being performed; and a communication means for communicating the cooling vessel with the liquid refrigerant reservoir, the cooling vessel and the communication means being filled with the boiling refrigerant.

Abstract: A heat exchanger is provided for use in artificial heart and lung devices which comprises a tubular shell having inlet and outlet ports for a heating medium, a great number of elongated tubes arranged in parallel axially within the tubular shell, a pair of fixing plates located at both ends of the tubular shell for fixedly securing the elongated tubes within the tubular shell, a cap on the inlet side having an inlet port for blood and being adapted to be secured at one end of the tubular shell, another cap on the outlet side having an outlet port for blood and an air bubble remover for removing air bubble contained in the blood flowing therethrough and being adapted to be secured at the other end of the tubular shell.

Abstract: A closed loop forced liquid cooling system has provision for continuously separating dissolved gas from the cooling liquid. A gas separator is combined with a liquid-gas interface pressurizer to establish favorable temperature and/or low pressure conditions for preferential gas evolution. By preventing bubble formation in liquids cooling electronic and electrical equipment, dielectric breakdown of the cooling liquid is averted.

Abstract: A closed loop forced liquid cooling system has provision for continuously separating dissolved gas from the cooling liquid. A gas separator is combined with a liquid-gas interface pressurizer to establish favorable temperature and/or low pressure conditions for preferential gas evolution. By preventing bubble formation in liquids cooling electronic and electrical equipment, dielectric breakdown of the cooling liquid is averted.