Abstract: A process and system for simultaneously cooling shale ash fines and flue gas produced during the combustion of spent shale. The flue gas and fine solids are introduced into a heat exchange zone for contact with conventional heat exchange tubes. Heat transfer particles are introduced into the heat exchange zone for mixing with the flue gas to provide increased heat transfer rates between the flue gas and heat exchange equipment. The heat transfer solids are also of a sufficient size to provide continual scrubbing of the heat exchanger surfaces to prevent the build up of an insulating layer of fine dust particles. A staged cooling system and process is also disclosed.

Abstract: In a heat exchanger having tubes arranged in latticed pattern in a frame and serving to conduct a medium for heat exchange and enclosed in a housing wherein the space defined by the housing and the frame is divided into a collector and a distribution chambers, each chamber being subdivided with a partition wall defining a further chamber, namely a collector and a distribution chambers respectively. These chambers intercommunicate through corresponding tubes to form separate flow paths for the medium for heat exchange. The heating or cooling medium is flowing through the exchanger transversely to the longitudinal direction of the tubes.

Abstract: A heat exchanger within a dense gravity layer comprises a vertical cylindrical container with a heating surface built thereinto. The heating surface is formed by a tubular housing containing a plurality of tubes mounted in tiers. A space between the inner surface of the container and the outer surface of the housing is divided by opposite seals into two vertical cavities. These cavities are divided along the height thereof by horizontal baffle members which are arranged in chessboard pattern relative one another to form chambers located along the height in a chessboard pattern, and to accomplish repeated variation of the direction of movement of one of heat carriers.

Abstract: In a coking process, coal to be coked is preheated in a cascaded whirling bed drier into which the coal is charged from above and exposed to an indirect heat transfer while whirling in a coal-steam mixture. Hot gas applied to the heating pipes in respective cascades of the drier is branched off from the total amount of hot gases discharged from a dry cooler in which hot coke from the coke oven is cooled by recirculating cooler gas constituted by a partial gas stream discharged from the cascades of the drier and reunited with the other partial stream subject to a heat exchange for generating steam. Steam from the whirling beds is discharged from the cascaded drier, separated from the entrained dust particles, and then the excessive steam is drained in a branch conduit and the remaining steam is compressed and reintroduced into the lowermost whirling bed in the drier.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon-bearing substrate particles are pre-heated by heating the same with a solid heat-bearing medium by indirect counter-current flow using a series of heat transfer loops each containing a circulating heat transfer medium chosen such that the whole series permits a staged rise in temperature of the substrate particles and a staged drop in temperature of the solid heat-bearing medium. Preferably the heat transfer fluid in the loops circulates between the substrate and the hot spent substrate by means of the so-called thermosyphon effect.An apparatus for carrying out the method is described.

Abstract: In a heat exchanger for the recovery of heat from hot shale ashes, having tubes arranged in a frame in latticed pattern and serving to conduct a gas, the frame is surrounded by a housing wherein the space enclosed by the frame and the housing is divided into a collector and a distribution chamber. The shale ashes move through the heat exchanger transversely of the longitudinal direction of the tubes. At the inlet for shale ashes there is provided an inlet space divided with a vertical partition wall into unequal compartments for receiving the ashes incoming through separate inlets under different pressures.

Abstract: Disclosed are apparatuses and methods for transferring heat from a relatively hot stream of solid materials to a relatively cold stream of solid materials. Both streams cascade downward under the force of gravity over a series of heat pipes which are arranged between the streams to transfer heat therebetween. The heat pipes are arranged so they provide countercurrent heat transfer between the two materials streams. The invention is shown applied to a process for recovering hydrocarbons from shale rock.

Abstract: A continuous process for heating a fluid by recovering heat from a heated, pumpable aqueous slurry of granular material wherein the slurry is passed through an indirect heat exchanger to heat the fluid and then passed to a second indirect heat exchanger to preheat water for forming of further heated, pumpable slurry, with the slurry next passed to a third indirect heat exchanger to heat makeup water to the system and then to a thickener wherein the granular material is separated and the water recovered from the thickener is returned to the system.

Abstract: An apparatus for heating or cooling sand comprising a heat exchange section provided in a lower portion thereof with flow regulating means consisting of a pyramidal or conical funnel assembly for causing flow of sand in the heat exchange section over the entire sectional area thereof.