Abstract: The present invention is directed to a combination of a thermostat, especially for controlling the heating of a dwelling, and a level indicator for displaying the level of liquid fuel (such as home heating oil) in a storage tank that is burned for heating the dwelling and that is controlled by the thermostat. The invention is especially useful for the elderly or infirm in a wheel chair who may not be able physically to view the level indicator at the fuel tank if it is down at the bottom of the cellar stairs. In addition to a level display at the dwelling thermostat, the level indication can be accessed remotely (such as via modem and personal computer).

Abstract: A heat exchanger is provided with a parallel array of heat exchange tubes and mounting plate assemblies on opposed ends of the tubes for achieving communication from one tube to the next. The mounting plate assembly includes a fitting plate stamped to define short discontinuous channels. A seal plate is registered with the fitting plate and includes apertures, such that a pair of apertures register with each channel. The heat exchange tubes extend through the apertures of the seal plate to provide communication with a channel formed in the fitting plate. A sealant surrounds portions of the tubes adjacent the apertures in the seal plate.

Abstract: In a method of operating a liquid-liquid heat exchanger the first heat exchanging medium is passed upwardly through a plurality of tubes in which a granular mass is kept fluidized by the flow of the first medium and the second heat-exchanging medium is passed downwardly through which said tubes extend spaced apart and whereby heat exchange takes place through the tube walls. To improve heat transfer between the tubes and the second medium, especially at low flow rates of the latter, said chamber contains, around and between the tubes, a loosely packed solid particulate filling material through which the second medium flows, and the longitudinal superficial velocity of the second medium between the tubes (U.sub.l,s) satisfies the relation 0.05<U.sub.l,s <0.25 m/sec.

Abstract: An eddy current system and method is disclosed for detecting flaws in hot pipe product. The system includes a detector test head (22) having a heat shield (24) defining a generally cylindrical inner wall through which the pipe passes longitudinally. The test head includes structure (50, 62, 64) for spirally directing water onto the inside surface without contacting the hot pipe as it passes through the heat shield. Debris is thereby removed from the space between the shield and the pipe, and the test head is effectively cooled and shielded from the heat of the pipe. Where the pipe is heated above its Curie temperature, such that the pipe is rendered non-magnetic, no normally required saturation coil is needed to magnetically saturate the pipe for eddy current testing, because the coolant flowing over the inner wall cools the test head but does not lower pipe temperature below the Curie point.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for heat exchange, especially for cooling at solid surfaces. At the solid surfaces, a locally uniform convective heat exchange is achieved. According to the invention, a sink flow is superimposed on a circular flow of a fluid in a flow chamber (1) at a surface of a heat-conducting solid wall (9) by means of a distributor, forming a vortex sink flow. The heat exchange surface of the component (9) to be cooled is at the same time the base plate (8) of a flow chamber (1).

Abstract: Electronic communication device shelf units for packing therein printed circuit boards wherein the shelf units are to be put one upon another in a cabinet, wherein each said shelf unit comprises hollow side plates provided with air inlet openings on their outer faces, and a top plate which is connected to the side plates and having a V-shaped heat diffusion plate defining thereon an air introduction space; the side plates are provided, on their inner faces, with openings communicating with the air introduction space, such that hot air diffusion for each shelf unit is independent of the other shelf units.

Abstract: A friction furnace having a casing and containing a plurality of orifice plates disposed therein. The orifice plates are of two types arranged in alternating order throughout the casing; each type of orifice plate, however, having an annular ring disposed radially inward from its periphery which contains a plurality of radially disposed passages. The first type of orifice plate contains a plurality of transverse passages disposed between its periphery and annular ring whereas the second type of orifice plate contains a plurality of transverse passages disposed entirely within the diameter of its annular ring. An adjusting means is provided for varying the number of orifice plates contained within the casing. Fluid is circulated throughout the friction furnace through and around the orifice plates by a pump; and, a heat exchanger is provided in fluid communication with the furnace to transfer the heat of the circulating fluid to a directionally controlled flow of air.

Abstract: A heat exchanger used in the multi-stage flash distillation process is provided at the cool end with a gas injection device that creates two-phase flow within the tube side of the heat exchanger. At the hot end, the two-phase flow is degasified and the gas recycled through the cool end. Alternatively, where multiple heat exchanger modules are used, the two-phase flow from each tube in the first exchanger is directly routed to a tube of the second exchanger, or the two-phase flow from the first exchanger is separated and the individual phases are recombined in the entrance of the second exchanger. A gas injection device is used for creation of the two-phase flow, and this employs a gas chamber with gas supply tubes running into the liquid inlet ends of the heat exchanger tubes to introduce the gas uniformly into each tube.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improvement in a heat exchanger of the type using heat pipes which permits reduction in size of the heat exchanger and enhancement in heat exchange efficiency and more particularly to a cylindrical heat exchanger principally comprising a cylindrical or polygonal tubular casing provided with openings in the middle parts of its upper and lower sides and in its circumferential side, a transverse partition plate which divides the inside of the casing into upper and lower parts and a group of vertical heat pipes arranged to pierce through the peripheral portion of the partition plate in an annular plan configuration as a whole.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for recovering liquids and gases by a rapid hydropyrolysis of carbonaceous solids which comprises subjecting the carbonaceous material in a stream of carrier gas to a first pressure and a first temperature below the decomposition temperature of the carbonaceous material; reducing substantially in a single step the pressure on the stream of carbonaceous material from the first pressure to a second pressure, the ratio of the first pressure to the second pressure being at least 1.

Abstract: A natural air cooled rack for vertically disposed printed boards. The rack comprises a plurality of stacked cases for housing printed boards. Each of the cases has draft openings on the upper surface and the lower surface thereof. An interspace is formed between one or more upper cases and the one or more lower cases. At least one supply opening and at least one exhaust opening are formed in the front portion of said interspace. The supply opening communicates with said draft opening on the lower surface of said upper case while said exhaust opening communicates with said draft opening on the upper surface of said lower case. Said exhaust opening is located substantially above said supply opening.

Abstract: The specification discloses a heat exchanger adapted to be coupled between the exhaust outlet of a room heating unit and a chimney for extracting heat from the exhaust gases flowing therethrough and returning the same to the room. The heat exchanger includes a plurality of vertically spaced rows of horizontally extending exhaust conveying tubes. End caps couple adjacent ends of the tubes to form an upwardly progressing serpentine path for the exhaust gases. A shroud structure separately houses individual vertically spaced clusters of the tubes so that air flows by convection generally horizontally past the tubes. Heat exchange efficiency is improved since a fan is not utilized and since the higher tubes do not come into contact with air already heated by the lower tubes.

Abstract: Radiative heat rejection for the condensate of a steam system in which panels painted with titanium dioxide are put out in the desert and water as a heat exchange fluid is flowed on the underside of the panels. They will radiate into the night sky and produce significant cooling and provide for rejection of condenser heat from Rankine cycle water and steam turbines as well as reflect the sun. In addition to titanium dioxide panels one can use reversible plastic mattresses floating on a cool pond coated black on one side and silver on the other and with the black surface up at night, silver surface up in the daytime; they too will provide radiative heat rejection.

Abstract: A heat exchange apparatus in which each of a plurality of thermal siphon pipes has an upper portion extending in an upper heat exchange section and a lower portion extending in a lower heat exchange section. Each pipe is closed at its ends and contains a heat transfer fluid so that when a hot fluid is passed through the lower heat exchange section, the heat is transferred from the hot fluid to the heat exchange fluid. A cool fluid is passed through the upper heat exchange section to remove the heat from the heat exchange fluid.

Abstract: Apparatus and system for producing high pressure gas, such as high pressure coal gas from coal, air and water. Pulverized coal is introduced into a rising stream of steam in a central reaction column of a retort to constitute a fluidized or entrained bed. The coal reacts with the steam to form a gas consisting of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, methane and higher hydrocarbons. The retort is constructed so that product gas and air may be burned in an annular chamber surrounding the central reaction column to produce hot flue gas. The hot flue gas is used to drive a turbine which in turn, drives a compressor which introduces compressed air into the annular chamber. Steam tubes may be disposed in the annular space so that the steam introduced to the central reaction chamber may be super-heated by the hot flue gas.

Abstract: A heat exchange system is provided which transfers the heat from a fluid discharged from a device that utilizes a heated fluid, to fresh fluid in order to increase the temperature of the fresh fluid prior to feeding it into a heating tank. Thus, less energy is required to heat the fluid in the heating tank prior to its introduction into the device which utilizes heated fluid. After the heat has been exchanged, the discharged fluid is then expelled from the system. A fluid trap controls the fluid level in the heat exchanger to assure maximum heat transfer capability. An antisiphon valve is provided in the fresh fluid input of the heat exchange coil in order to prevent discharged fluid from contaminating the fresh fluid source in the event of a rupture in the heat exchance coil.

Abstract: The invention is an improved heat exchanger of the type used for cooling electrical apparatus and having a plurality of headers and interconnecting cooling tubes arranged perpendicular to the headers and includes at least one fan to direct air over a portion of the cooling tubes. The improvement in thermal rating is obtained by the use of air deflectors to redirect the airflow over an additional portion of the cooling tubes.

Abstract: Heat exchanger for the heating or cooling of a liquid, in particular of a suspension, comprises of a container provided with an inlet and an outlet and wherein there is disposed at least one rotatably mounted, substantially horizontal heat exchange unit having two end pieces between which heat transfer pipes have been fitted, and a conduit for conducting a heat-accepting or heat-releasing fluid through the end pieces and the heat transfer pipes of said heat exchange unit, a central tube concentrically disposed in relation to the rotational axis of the heat exchange unit between the end pieces among the heat transfer pipes, the diameter of the central tube being not less than 40% of the greatest distance between any two heat transfer pipes, measured at right angles to the rotational axis and that at least the lower edge of the outlet from the container in which the heat exchanger unit has been disposed being located at a level lower than the topmost part of the central tube so that the latter can be held above

Abstract: Disclosure is made of an apparatus for reacting carbonaceous material with heated hydrogen to form hydrocarbon gases and liquids suitable for conversion to fuels wherein the reaction involves injection of carbonaceous material such as pulverized coal entrained in a minimum amount of gas and mixing the entrained coal at near ambient temperature with a separate source of heated hydrogen. The hydrogen is heated in a coil having an increasing inside diameter. The heated hydrogen and entrained coal are injected through a rocket engine type injector device. The coal particles are reacted with hydrogen in a reaction chamber downstream of the injector. The products of reaction are rapidly quenched as they exit the reaction chamber and are subsequently collected.

Abstract: A first substance and a liquid are conveyed along a conduit at least part of which is arranged in heat-exchange relationship with a second substance. Upstream of this part of the conduit, a suspension of the first substance in the liquid is formed wherein the first substance has an average particle size between 10 and 150 microns and a concentration between 1 and 6 volume percent. The suspension is conveyed along the conduit under conditions of turbulent flow. In this manner, the efficiency of the heat-exchange between the suspension and the second substance is increased. The method may be used to increase the heat-exchange efficiency in the extraction of bauxite so that an apparatus of given size can extract greater quantities of bauxite or, conversely, so that a given quantity of bauxite can be extracted with an apparatus of smaller size.

Abstract: Cooling the highly viscous reaction mass during catalytic polymerization of liquid olefins to polyolefins by pumping it to and from the reactor through the tubes of a heat transfer single pass cooler rather than a heat transfer multi-pass cooler as has been done in the past, increasing the number of the tubes in the single pass cooler as compared to the multi-pass cooler, reducing the diameter of the tubes and increasing the pump capacity. The number of tubes and pump capacity are increased sufficiently and the internal diameters of the tubes are decreased sufficiently so that the heat transfer coefficient of the single pass cooler is between 10 and 20 BTU/ft.sup.2 hr. .degree. F.

Abstract: A heat exchanger comprising an A or V frame with finned tubes running parallel with the apex of the V in which the apex of the frame is filled with tubes rather than being blanked off thus increasing the available heat-exchange area. Also an assembly of such heat exchangers arranged side by side to have a zig-zag section and in which all apices of the section are tubed. An assembly or assemblies of such heat exchangers may be arranged in a natural draught tower or have fan means associated therewith.