Abstract: Adapters for inclusion on the lower end of a completion/work-over riser includes a flow loop in fluid communication with a production flow loop hub and a production bore to facilitate testing and calibration of a subsea multi-phase flow meter during completion operations. The flow loop can be in fluid communication with one or more flow loop isolation valves, one or more production bore isolation valves, one or more annulus bore isolation valves, or one or more cross-over valves. In addition, a pressure/temperature sensor can also be included in the adapter. The adapters disclosed herein permit production fluid to flow through the subsea multi-phase flow meter while the riser is still attached to the subsea Christmas tree and before production operations have begun.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and apparatus for performing a plug and abandonment operation on a subsea well. A wellhead interface module is located on a wellhead, which accommodates a volume of wellbore fluid in fluid communication with the wellbore. A system control module receives a signal from a sensor in the chamber and is configured to derive volume data relating to a change in volume of wellbore fluid in the chamber and compares the derived volume data with a volume change expected due to the removal of tubing from the wellbore. In embodiments of the invention, this enables a change in wellbore conditions to be characterized, for example a fluid influx or a fluid loss, from the volume data. The method may comprise providing wellbore fluid to the apparatus to replace fluid which enters the wellbore to occupy the volume vacated by the tubing, and/or removing or adding fluid in fluid influx/loss situations respectively.

Abstract: A low-profile wellhead system having a nested hanger configuration, annular communication, elastomeric seals, and seal verification is provided.

Abstract: A system and method is provided for hydraulically presetting a metal-to-metal seal, which may be installed in an annular space between wellhead components. A hydraulic running tool may be landed on a first wellhead component and coupled to a second wellhead component, for example, via a hydraulic or mechanical coupling assembly. Fluid pressure may then be applied to the hydraulic running tool to move the components axially together, thereby setting the metal-to-metal seal (i.e., axially compressing and radially expanding the seal). A coupling may secure the wellhead components in place relative to one another, while fluid pressure is being applied so that the metal-to-metal seal remains in the set position after the hydraulic tool is removed.

Abstract: What is provided is a method and apparatus which can be detachably connected to an annular blowout preventer thereby separating the drilling fluid or mud into upper and lower sections and allowing the fluid to be displaced in two stages, such as while the drill string is being rotated and/or reciprocated. In one embodiment the sleeve can be rotatably and sealably connected to a mandrel. The swivel can be incorporated into a drill or well string and enabling string sections both above and below the sleeve to be rotated in relation to the sleeve. In one embodiment the drill or well string does not move in a longitudinal direction relative to the swivel. In one embodiment, the drill or well string does move longitudinally relative to the sleeve of the swivel.

Abstract: A subsea electrical power system is provided. The subsea electrical power system includes a first subsea electric device having a first subsea enclosure and a second subsea electric device having a second subsea enclosure. The first subsea electric device and the second subsea electric device are mounted on a common frame. A duct is provided between the first subsea enclosure and the second subsea enclosure.

Abstract: A spool module for a subsea well production tree and system is presented. The spool module is similar to traditional process modules, except that the spool module includes all its components and their conduits inside one body (or block). This module includes retrievable components used for production and annulus flow lines into one package. The spool module includes the production choke, annulus choke, and conduit bores integral in the block. The spool module includes all of these elements machined into one body having no additional conduits or piping outside of the body. The spool module may also be used in connection with a subsea tree during production of a well, or with several wells on a template or as part of a manifold.

Abstract: In a wellhead near the top of an oil and gas well, a locking ring assembly for locking an inner tubular wellhead member axially relative to an outer tubular wellhead member. The inner tubular member has a circumferential recess that contains a locking ring. After insertion of the inner tubular member into the outer tubular member, actuating pins radially expand the locking ring so that it partially leaves the circumferential recess and engages a corresponding recess in the outer tubular member. The pins may be deployed by a seal inserted above the inner tubular member.

Abstract: A tool for actuating a blow out preventer includes one or more connections for receiving hydraulic power from a remotely operated vehicle (“ROV”), a first pump for increasing pressure of an operating fluid for the blowout preventer (“BOP”), a second pump for increasing flow rate of the operating fluid, and a conductor for transporting the operating fluid to the BOP. The tool rapidly increases the pressure and flow rate of the fluid flowing to the BOP, and the BOP may be rapidly closed.

Abstract: A method and a device are for extending the lifetime of a Christmas tree. The Christmas tree is provided with at least a first high-pressure hydraulic valve pack, a first low-pressure hydraulic valve pack or a first chemical valve pack, and the Christmas tree is arranged to be connectable to an umbilical, which comprises at least electrical power or control cables, hydraulic tubes or chemical tubes.

Abstract: A system for drilling and/or producing a subsea wellbore comprises a primary BOP comprising a primary ram BOP. In addition, the system comprises a secondary BOP releasably connected to the primary BOP, the secondary BOP comprising a secondary ram BOP. The primary rain BOP is actuatable by a first control signal. The secondary ram BOP is actuatable by a second control signal. The secondary rain BOP is not actuatable by the first control signal.

Abstract: A method of optimizing production of wells using choke control includes generating, for each well, an intermediate solution to optimize the production of each well. The generating includes using an offline model that includes a mixed-integer nonlinear program solver and includes using production curves based on a choke state and a given wellhead pressure. The method further includes calculating, using a network model and the intermediate solution of each well, a current online wellhead pressure for each well. The method further includes setting the intermediate solution as a final solution based on determining that a difference between the current online wellhead pressure of each well and a prior online wellhead pressure of each well is less than a tolerance amount. The method further includes adjusting, using the final solution of each well, at least one operating parameter of the wells.

Abstract: A flow control system for drilling a well comprises a conduit defining a channel configured to accommodate a drill pipe and a flow of a returning drilling fluid, and an acoustic sensor array configured to detect a flow rate of the returning drilling fluid. The flow control system further comprises a flow control device configured to control the flow rate of the returning drilling fluid and to be actuated in response to an event detected by the sensor array, the flow control device being proximate to the sensor array.

Abstract: A cap for protecting a sealing surface of a hub of a subsea device includes an equalization valve and a fluid conduit. The equalization valve includes a valve body having a pressure equalization conduit, a sleeve disposed about the valve body and having a port allowing fluid communication across the sleeve, and a valve spring configured to bias the sleeve to a closed position. The sleeve is configured to move to an open position in response to a force that depresses the sleeve and causes the valve spring to compress and the port is fluidly isolated from the pressure equalization conduit in the closed position and is in fluid communication with the pressure equalization conduit in the open position. In the open position, an interior environment of the subsea device is in fluid communication with the environment outside the cap through the equalization valve.

Abstract: A system and method for replacing equipment at a wellsite is provided. The wellsite has a subsea stripper installed proximate a subsea borehole. The system has a conveyance for delivering a BHA into the subsea borehole. The system has a subsea stripper having a central bore for passing the conveyance and the BHA therethrough, and at least one actuator connected to the subsea stripper for actuating a packer whereby the wellbore is sealed. The system has at least one replaceable seal assembly for installation within the stripper. The replaceable seal assembly has at least one packer extendable within the subsea stripper to form a seal thereabout and at least one locator sleeve for positioning the seal assembly in an install position within the subsea stripper. The replaceable seal assembly has a frangible member for connecting the seal assembly to the conveyance prior to deployment in the subsea stripper.

Abstract: A casing head assembly for landing on a stem head of a floating structure can include a stem head adapter assembly that includes a ring shaped stem head adapter plate. A solid upper ring is spaced axially above the stem head adapter plate, defining an adapter gap between the upper ring and the stem head adapter plate. At least one load cell can have a first end that is supported by the stem head adapter plate and a second end that engages the upper ring. At least one piston assembly is selectively secured to the upper ring. The casing head assembly also includes a casing head landed on, and secured to, the upper ring of the stem head adapter assembly. The load cell is selectively constrained between the upper ring and the stem head adapter plate by a load on the casing head.

Abstract: Apparatuses useable in drilling installations for adjusting a mud return flow in a mud loop, at a location far from a mud tank are provided. An apparatus includes (1) a sensor located close to a seabed and configured to acquire values of at least one parameter related to a return mud flow, (2) a valve located near the sensor and configured to regulate the return mud flow, and (3) a controller connected to the valve and the sensor. The controller is configured to automatically control the valve to regulate the return mud flow towards achieving a value of a control parameter close to a predetermined value, based on the values acquired by the sensor. Methods of incorporating an apparatus in a drilling installation and retrofitting existing installations are also provided.

Abstract: A fluid treatment system comprises a fluid treatment module having a fluid inlet and first and second fluid outlets. A pump is provided to establish a first pressure differential between the fluid inlet and one of the first and second fluid outlets of the fluid treatment module, and an eductor is provided to establish a second pressure differential between the fluid inlet and the other of the first and second fluid outlets of the fluid treatment module. The pump is adapted to deliver a motive fluid to the eductor.

Abstract: A latch and method for use is provided for latching an item of oilfield equipment. The latch has a housing containing a latch member, and the latch member is movable between a radially engaged position in which it is engaged with the item of oilfield equipment, and a radially retracted position in which it is disengaged from the item of oilfield equipment. An actuator is configured to drive the latch member into the radially engaged position. Further, the actuator is configured to drive the latch member toward the radially retracted position.

Abstract: An apparatus (10) for remotely running a subsea production tree (12) and desuspending a well is described. The apparatus comprises a tree running tool (16) adapted to be connected to a production tree, at least one downhole tool, at least one of the tools being a plug retrieval tool (22) and a tool deployment device (18) in hydraulic communication with at least the plug retrieval tool to hydraulically operate the plug retrieval tool.

Abstract: An accumulator for hydraulically actuating subsea equipment includes a hydraulic fluid chamber and a gas chamber. The hydraulic fluid chamber is in fluid communication with the subsea equipment and comprises a hydraulic piston slidably received, at least partially, within the hydraulic chamber. The gas chamber comprises a charge piston slidably received within the gas chamber, the charge piston dividing the gas chamber into a first portion and a second portion. The first portion of the gas chamber is configured to receive ambient hydrostatic pressure therein, and the second portion of the gas chamber is configured to receive precharge gas therein.

Abstract: A system and method for rapidly responding to and regaining control of uncontrolled flow from offshore hydrocarbon wells, comprising a subsea containment assembly, optionally including a capture caisson assembly installed around the assembly, riser systems for production of hydrocarbons to capture vessels on the surface of the sea, and modularized subsystems facilitating communication between and fluid flow from the subsea containment assembly through the riser to the capture vessel.

Abstract: A well containment assembly comprising a first pressure-containing device and a diverter spool. The diverter spool comprises a body having a longitudinal central axis and at least partially defining a primary flowbore, an upper connection assembly coupled to the body, a lower connection assembly coupled to the body, and a plurality of side outlets. Each of the plurality of side outlets has a longitudinal central axis and at least partially defines a secondary flowbore. Each of the plurality secondary flowbores is in communication with the primary flowbore, and the angle between the longitudinal central axis of the body and the longitudinal central axis of the plurality of side outlets is less than 90° with respect to the primary flowbore. The first pressure-containing device is coupled to the diverter spool via the upper connection assembly.

Abstract: A cap assembly for use with a tubing spool of a wellhead has a body with an interior passageway body and a mandrel extending upwardly therefrom. The body has a connector extending from an opposite end thereof. The interior passageway extends though the mandrel and the connector. A valve is affixed to the body and extends into the interior passageway. The valve is movable between a first position closing the interior passageway and a second position opening the interior passageway. An actuator is connected to the valve so as to move the valve between the first and second positions. A tubing hanger stab is affixed to the body and extends through the connector so as to join with a tubing hanger in the tubing spool.

Abstract: A subsea system includes an electrically powered control system for controlling the subsea system and a replaceable reserve battery electrically coupled to the control system to provide backup and/or supplemental power to the control system when the reserve battery is activated. The reserve battery is provided in a housing having a first coupling, the subsea system includes a second coupling, and the first and second couplings are detachably connectable to each other and include electrical connections so that the reserve battery is replaceable while the subsea system remains below the sea-surface.

Abstract: A subsea wellhead assembly is provided. The subsea wellhead assembly comprises a tubing head structure with a tree above the tubing head structure, and a recoverable module attached to the tubing head structure below said tree, the recoverable module comprising at least one valve and at least one sensor.

Abstract: The invention in one of its aspects provides a connection apparatus for a subsea hydraulic circuit and method of use in a sampling application. The apparatus comprises a longitudinal body configured to be removably docked with a subsea hydraulic circuit receptacle. The body comprises a plurality of radial ports axially displaced along the body, and an axial bore accommodating a spool having at least one fluid barrier. The spool and fluid barrier are actuable to be axially moved in the bore to control axial flow paths along the bore between the plurality of radial ports. The apparatus may be configured as a sampling hot stab in an application to sampling a production fluid from a subsea hydrocarbon production system.

Abstract: A seal seals an annulus in a subsea assembly between a wellhead and a casing hanger landed on a shoulder within a bore of the wellhead. The seal includes a casing hanger seal ring disposed within the annulus. The seal ring engaged with an inner diameter surface of the wellhead, and engaged with an outer diameter surface of the casing hanger so that the seal ring prevents flow through the annulus. A nose ring is secured to a lower end of the seal ring so that, when the seal ring is energized, a conical surface of the nose ring engages a mating conical profile formed in the inner diameter surface portion of the wellhead and the nose ring engages a surface opposite the conical surface with a substantially smooth outer diameter surface portion of the casing hanger to limit upwards axial movement of the casing hanger.

Abstract: A subsea well service system and method are presented for use with an subsea pump capable of flushing the well intervention lubricator of an underwater hydrocarbons production facility. The system essentially includes at least one pump placed at a subsea location in proximity to the well intervention lubricator, and at least one fluid reservoir connected to the pump.

Abstract: A wellhead assembly for use subsea includes a high pressure housing landed within a low pressure housing. The low pressure housing is an annular member that mounts into the sea floor and having an inner surface engaging the high pressure housing along a loading interface. Upper and lower sockets are formed along axially spaced apart portions of the outer surface of the high pressure housing. As the high pressure housing inserts into the low pressure housing, the high pressure housing sockets engage corresponding sockets formed along axially spaced apart sockets on portions of the inner surface of the low pressure housing. The sockets each have cylindrically shaped outer surfaces, and when engaged with one another define the loading interface. The sockets are strategically located on the upper and lower portions of the housings to maximize their distance apart.

Abstract: A capping stack for use with a subsea well has a body with a flow passageway extending therethrough, a first bore having one end opening to an outlet end of the flow passageway, a second bore opening to the outlet end of the flow passageway, a first flowline affixed to the first bore and extending upwardly therefrom, a second flowline affixed to the second bore and extending upwardly therefrom, a first valve cooperative with the first flowline so as to be movable between an open position and a closed position, and a second valve cooperative the second flowline so as to be movable between an open position and a closed position. The inlet end of the flow passageway is suitable for connection to a blowout preventer or to a wellhead of a subsea well. Each of the bores extends upwardly at an acute angle to vertical from the flow passageway.

Abstract: A modified casing coupling houses a pressure relief valve body having a through bore with opposing end openings. The through bore communicates with the interior of the modified casing coupling at one end opening thereof and with an area surrounding the modified casing coupling at an opposite end opening. The through bore includes a ball seat adjacent one end opening thereof which receives a sealing ball. The ball is urged in the direction of the ball seat by a tensioning element. The ball is exposed to annular pressure trapped between successive lengths of well casing located in the well borehole. The amount of tension exerted on the ball by the tensioning element is selected to allow the ball to move off the ball seat to release trapped annular pressure between the selected casing strings once a certain annulus pressure is reached.

Abstract: A wellhead is provided. In one embodiment, the wellhead includes a plug for sealing a side passage of the wellhead. The plug may include an outer member, an inner member extending through the outer member and coupled to the outer member with at least one degree of freedom of movement relative to the outer member, and a moveable seal disposed around the outer member. In some embodiments, the moveable seal is configured to seal against the side passage in response to being moved on the outer member by the inner member.

Abstract: An offshore well system for a subsea well. The system includes a floating platform, an external riser and an internal riser nested within the external riser. A external riser tension device tensions the external riser. The drilling system also includes a surface wellhead system that includes a wellhead, a collet, and a flange assembly. The wellhead, collet, and flange assembly are assembled to establish a common bore for receiving the top of the internal riser. A gasket located between the top of the internal riser and an inner shoulder of the flange assembly seals between the wellhead system and the top of the internal riser. The surface wellhead system also retains the internal riser in tension with the wellhead, the internal riser extending above the wellhead into the collet.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for controlling fluid flow in a blowout preventer. In one embodiment, an apparatus for connecting fluid lines includes a socket fluid connector and a plug fluid connector. Each connector includes a flow channel. The plug fluid connector is detachably connectable to the socket fluid connector at a connection end of the plug and socket fluid connectors such that the flow channels align. Each of the socket and plug fluid connectors includes a check valve in the flow channel. The check valve is configured to prevent fluid flow through the connector flow channels while the plug and socket fluid connectors are not connected, and to enable bidirectional fluid flow through the connector flow channels while plug and socket fluid connectors are connected.

Abstract: An annular blowout preventer assembly has an annular element housing and a central cavity with an elastomeric annular element in the central cavity. An annular element piston is located within the central cavity in engagement with the annular element. A connector housing has an upper end that abuts a lower end of the annular element housing. Bolts extend upward from the connector housing into threaded blind holes in the annular element housing for securing the connector housing to the annular element housing. A locking element is carried within the connector housing for radial inward movement into engagement with a profile on a mandrel of a blowout preventer stack.

Abstract: A cap having a stinger adapted to be inserted into a bore of a subsea well element. The stinger includes locking means for locking to a profile in said bore, which locking means include a plurality of locking dogs. The locking dogs exhibit a large inclination face and a small inclination face, and are adapted to be actuated in a radial direction by an actuation sleeve. The small inclination face is divided by a slot, in which slot the large inclination face is arranged. A cam is arranged on the actuation sleeve and is adapted to extend into said slot. Alternatively, the small inclination face is divided by a cam arranged on the locking dog, on which the large inclination face is arranged, which cam is adapted to extend into a slot in the actuation sleeve.

Abstract: Provided is a system, including a first module (35b) configured to process fluid from a well, wherein the first module (35b) has an extension conduit (5b), having a connection that is coupleable to a central mandrel of a manifold (5), a processing device arranged in a region surrounding the extension conduit (5b), a processing input (18a), and a processing output (19a). Further provided is a method of processing well fluids, including diverting fluids from a bore of a manifold (1) to a processing module (35b), wherein the processing module (35b) is coupled to a mandrel of the manifold (5), processing the fluids in the processing module (35b), and returning the fluids to a flowpath (19a) for recovery.

Abstract: A gasless subsea accumulator having a series of opposing springs in two separate chambers defined by a central cross shaped member for translating force on a piston in the accumulator to dampen the movement of the piston. The body of the accumulator may be operably engaged to a bladder in fluid communication with one of the two chambers to provide additional dampening. The body may be vented through a port and have a port for controlling pressure on body through a pilot control circuit. The accumulator may be manually controlled by an ROV and operatively connected to a regulator.

Abstract: A production assembly includes a tree body, in which the tree body includes a main production bore formed about an axis and a wing bore extending through the tree body from the main production bore. The tree body may further include a wing valve in fluid communication with the wing bore to control the flow of fluid through the wing bore, in which at least a portion of the wing bore is angled from perpendicular with respect to the axis of the main production bore.

Abstract: A non-rising stem gate valve is provided that includes a drive sleeve disposed between the gate and the stem. The drive sleeve is coupled to the stem and isolates the moveable connection between the sleeve and the stem from fluid in the valve. The drive sleeve is also coupled to the gate such that movement of the drive sleeve along the stem moves the gate between the open and closed positions of the valve.

Abstract: Force-dampening arrangement (100) for dampening forces between two interconnectable parts in a tube string, of which interconnectable parts a lower part (101) is connected to the upper end of a string element (105, 3a) extending into a subsea well (5) and an upper part (103) is suspended from a floating surface installation (1) through at least one suspension element (3b) extending up to said surface installation. The force-dampening arrangement (100) is connected to the tube string above a string-portion (3a) extending into said subsea well, and below at least a portion of said suspension element (3b). The force dampening arrangement (100) exhibits an upper and lower section (109, 111) that are vertically movable in relation to each other, thereby yielding for impact forces between said interconnectable upper and lower parts (103, 101) resulting from vertical heave movement of said portion of suspension elements (3b) moving vertically in respect of the string element (3a).

Abstract: A subsea wireline system for soft landing equipment during installation. The subsea soft landing wireline system includes coarse alignment members that can be part of a tree and interact with a funnel located on the equipment to be installed by the soft landing system. Smaller alignment members can provide fine alignment and also interact with a funnel located on the equipment to be installed. The funnels are used to trap sea water that provides a cushion for the equipment being installed. Once in alignment, trapped water can be released from the funnel or funnels via a restricted orifice and/or a control valve located on an ROV. The system achieves soft landing without the use of a running tool, thus reducing expense.

Abstract: A tubing hanger landing system includes a tubing hanger running tool, a locking flowline to lock the tubing hanger running tool into a tubing hanger, and a lower body shear joint having a recovery valve. The recovery valve includes a valve body having an operational port, a bi-directional port, a relief port, and an internal piston cavity. The piston cavity includes a radially inwardly extending stop and a valve piston movable between an operational position and a relief position relative to the radially inwardly extending stop. The valve body further includes a shear port that allows pressure communication between the exterior of the recovery valve and the valve piston, a shear ring attached and surrounding a piston collar and sized larger than the radially inwardly extending stop such that the valve piston is prevented from moving from the operational position to the relief position.

Abstract: A collet connection insulation apparatus has a frame having a first portion hingedly connected to a second portion such that the first and second portions are movable between an open position and a closed position, a first insulation section affixed to the first portion of the frame, a second insulation section affixed to the second portion of the frame, and a latch for locking the first and second portions of the frame in the closed position. The interior volume of the insulation sections is suitable for receiving the collet connection therein. The latch is slidably mounted on one portion of the frame so as to engage a sloted flange on another portion of the frame. The latch can be manipulated by a remotely-operated vehicle.

Abstract: A subsea relief valve system for use in a subsea environment has subsea piping having a first portion and a second portion, a choke cooperative with the subsea piping and movable between an open position and a closed position, a hydraulic actuator connected to the choke so as to move the choke between the open and closed positions, and a signal source cooperative with the hydraulic actuator so as to actuate the choke to the open position when an overpressure condition is detected. The open position of the choke is suitable for venting a fluid to the subsea environment. The closed position of the choke is suitable for retaining the fluid within the subsea piping.

Abstract: A method of completing a subsea borehole including connecting a first vessel to a subsea wellhead assembly via a riser. A borehole is drilled with a drill string communicated to the subsea wellhead assembly through the riser. A lower completion assembly is run on a service string into the borehole through the riser. At least two barrier valves of the lower completion assembly are set with the service string in order to form a mechanical barrier to fluid flow with each of the at least two barrier valves. The riser is disconnected from the subsea wellhead assembly. An upper completion string is run through open water to the borehole and connected to the lower completion assembly. An lower completion assembly for a subsea borehole is also included.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for diverting fluids either into or from a well are described. Some embodiments include a diverter conduit that is located in a bore of a tree. The invention relates especially but not exclusively to a diverter assembly connected to a wing branch of a tree. Some embodiments allow diversion of fluids out of a tree to a subsea processing apparatus followed by the return of at least some of these fluids to the tree for recovery. Alternative embodiments provide only one flowpath and do not include the return of any fluids to the tree. Some embodiments can be retro-fitted to existing trees, which can allow the performance of a new function without having to replacing the tree. Multiple diverter assembly embodiments are also described.

Abstract: A bore selector for coupling a monobore riser to a dual bore subsea installation, the bore selector comprising a lower base part comprising a first and a second through bores connected to the respective bore of the dual bore subsea installation, an upper selector part comprising a through bore connected to a bore of the monobore riser, the upper selector part is movable relating to the lower base part to and fro between a first and a second positions, an actuator configured to move the upper selector part relating to the lower base part between the first and the second positions, and a connector sleeve slidably mounted in the through bore, wherein the connector sleeve is configured to selectively engage with the first and the second through bores, and is movable in the axial direction of the through bore to and fro between a raised and a lowered position.

Abstract: A backup blowout system for a subsea wellhead positioned between an existing blowout prevention system and the wellhead. The backup blowout system includes an independently operated shear/blind ram assembly that attaches to a standard wellhead connector that connects to the wellhead. The ram assembly includes an upper neck with an upper flange on which a dual housing assembly is attached. The dual housing assembly includes a primary housing longitudinally aligned over a secondary housing. The primary and secondary housings include lower bodies and upper necks that have identical diameters. During assembly, the existing primary blowout prevention system is initially connected to the primary housing and the ram assembly is connected to the wellhead connector. When a blowout occurs, the primary housing is disconnected from the secondary housing to expose the upper neck of the secondary housing upon which a replacement primary blowout prevention system or cap may be attached.