Abstract: A piercing tool can be used by optionally replacing a distal end portion, which is to be first brought into abutment against an object to be pierced such as the ground, and can facilitate a replacement operation of the distal end portion. A piercing tool includes: a distal end portion, which has a cylindrical shape, and is to be first brought into abutment against an object; and a main body portion, which has a cylindrical shape at the main body portion, and has one end portion to which the distal end portion is mounted, wherein the distal end portion is removably mounted to the one end portion of the main body portion. The distal end portion has an inner peripheral surface having a female thread formed at an end portion of the distal end portion on a side to be mounted to the main body portion.

Abstract: A probe assembly for measuring a synthetic turf infill profile having a probe, a turf surface contact assembly and a sensor. The probe is configured to extend down through the turf infill profile until a tip of the probe contacts a lower boundary of the turf infill profile. The surface contact assembly is vertically movable relative to the probe while the probe is being moved downwardly into the turf infill profile, wherein the surface contact assembly has a contact area with the turf surface that is large enough to retain the surface contact assembly resting atop an upper boundary of the turf infill profile when the lowermost tip of the at least one probe has contacted the lower boundary of the turf infill profile. The sensor reads the distance between the upper and lower boundaries of the turf infill profile at a sampled location in the turf surface.

Abstract: A cutting head for a sod harvester is configured to counterbalance forces that are generated during operation. When the cutting head is operated, the cutting blade oscillates to sever sod from the ground. This oscillation of the cutting blade generates significant horizontal vibration forces that are transferred to the cutting head and other components of the sod harvester. The cutting head can include a crankshaft assembly with counterweights that are designed to balance these horizontal vibration forces. The cutting head can also include a countershaft assembly with counterweights that are also designed to balance these horizontal vibration forces while also balancing vertical vibration forces that the counterweights of the crankshaft assembly create.

Abstract: A method of arranging sod rolls on a pallet including the steps of using a sod harvester to create a plurality of sod rolls and deposit them onto a platform; rotating all but one of the sod rolls so that an end flap on each of the sod rolls is at the same position; rotating the first sod roll for a duration that is longer than the duration by which the remaining sod rolls are rotated so that an end flap on the first sod roll is in a different position on the first sod roll than the end flaps on the remaining sod rolls; using a sod carrier to pick up the plurality of sod rolls from the platform simultaneously; and depositing the plurality of sod rolls simultaneously onto a pallet such that the end flap on the first sod roll faces outward and is viewable by consumers.

Abstract: A sod harvester comprising a sod cutter assembly that shaves slabs of sod material from a field and cm them into lengths; a sod rolling assembly that rolls the sod slabs as they are conveyed to a sod roll array forming station; a pick-and-place apparatus comprising a pick head that picks up arrays of sod rolls and places them in layers onto a first location: a layer compactor that is in a retracted position while the pick head deposits the arrays of sod rolls and that pushes against a layer of sod rolls while the pick head moves to pick up an array of sod rolls; and a side compactor that pushes against the sod rolls In a direction orthogonal to that of the layer compactor.

Abstract: A device for removing filling material from a stripe-shaped band material, in particular from an artificial turf, having a transport system for conveying the band material comprising at least one transport means, and having a diverting means for widening and folding of the band material, so that the filling material can fall off the band material, as well as an emptying means for the band material arranged in a region of the band material being folded, wherein the device has at least one of a pressure roller arranged when viewed three-dimensionally underneath the transport system.

Abstract: A wood veneer diverter system comprises a plurality of veneer diverters operable to divert veneer downwardly and away from a belt based on the category or grade of the veneer. These veneer diverters are desirably rotated so that they pass through a veneer flow path in the direction of veneer flow. The veneer diverters may be configured to enhance their effectiveness in diverting veneer away from belts that move the veneer.

Abstract: A sod harvester comprising a sod cutter assembly that shaves slabs of sod material from a field and cm them into lengths; a sod rolling assembly that rolls the sod slabs as they are conveyed to a sod roll array forming station; a pick-and-place apparatus comprising a pick head that picks up arrays of sod rolls and places them in layers onto a first location: a layer compactor that is in a retracted position while the pick head deposits the arrays of sod rolls and that pushes against a layer of sod rolls while the pick head moves to pick up an array of sod rolls; and a side compactor that pushes against the sod rolls In a direction orthogonal to that of the layer compactor.

Abstract: A turf cutter device, an infill extractor/collector device, and a turf wind-up device are used to facilitate the cost-effective removal of an infilled synthetic turf and the subsequent installation of a new turf at the same site, with minimal subsurface disruption. An infill extractor/collector device mounted on a motorized vehicle moves a relatively narrow strip of filled artificial turf from the surface, in front of the vehicle, and directs the strip to an infill removal station. The infill removal station inverts the strip and redirects the strip back toward the front of the vehicle, after agitating the strip to extract the infill. After redirecting the strip toward the front of the vehicle, the vehicle drives over the unfilled strip. Meanwhile, the extractor/collector device moves the extracted infill rearwardly to a bag located in a trailer.

Abstract: A system for disposing of a defective sod roll from a sod harvester is disclosed. The system includes: (i) a transport conveyor; (ii) an accumulator located behind the transport conveyor, such that a gap is defined between a rear end of the transport conveyor and a front end of the accumulator; and (iii) a movable tray located proximate to the gap. The tray moves between a retracted position and an extended position. When the tray is in the retracted position, the gap is open and a receiving surface of the tray is in a generally horizontal orientation. When the tray is in the extended position, the tray is located within the gap to receive the sod roll from the transport conveyor.

Abstract: A system for modifying a boundary of operation of a machine has a change in terrain sensor system. A controller determines a change in terrain based at least in part upon a change in terrain signal. If the change in terrain exceeds a threshold, the controller modifies the boundary of operation of the machine. A method is also provided.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to an improved system and method for harvesting sod. Specifically, the sod harvester can comprise a blade set and a cutter frame. The blade set can comprise an inner blade, a middle blade, and an outer blade. The middle blade can harvest a first grass strip from a second grass strip. The cutter frame can lift the first grass strip and the second grass strip from the ground, as the cutter frame can be in direct line with the blades.

Abstract: A sod harvester for cutting sod strips from a ground surface while leaving an uncut strip between at least two sod strips The sod harvester includes a mounting frame and a number of cutting heads connected to the mounting frame. The cutting heads are positioned transversely to the path of travel for cutting the sod strips. At least two cutting heads are spaced apart by the width of the uncut strip. A conveyor is located behind the cutting heads for transporting the strips upwardly and rearwardly from the cutting heads.

Abstract: A sod harvester for cutting sod strips from a ground surface while leaving an uncut strip between at least two sod strips. The sod harvester includes a mounting frame and a number of cutting heads connected to the mounting frame. The cutting heads are positioned transversely to the path of travel for cutting the sod strips. At least two cutting heads are spaced apart by the width of the uncut strip. A conveyor is located behind the cutting heads for transporting the strips upwardly and rearwardly from the cutting heads.

Abstract: A turf collecting machine capable of automatically collecting laid artificial athletic turf, separating the infill and tufted backing components of the collected turf, and then depositing those separated components into separate storage containers. The apparatus also includes mechanisms for cleaning the infill particles collected.

Abstract: A sod harvester includes a sod cutting knife, a sod carrier, and an inclined conveyor for carrying a sod piece from the sod cutting knife to a horizontal conveyor, where the inclined conveyor moves at faster than ground speed. The sod carrier is movable between a first location above the horizontal conveyor and a second location. In the first location, the sod piece is removably secured to the sod carrier when the sod piece is on the horizontal conveyor. In the second location, the sod carrier releases the sod piece.

Abstract: A method of harvesting and handling sod includes cutting an elongated sod slab and cutting said sod slab into two sod sections, but leaving uncut at least one small sod connection between said two sod sections, thereby to tie together said sod sections in a stack containing said sod sections.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for cutting slits in a surface, for instance a turf cover, comprising a frame displaceable over the surface, a movable cutter on the frame and oriented during use toward the surface for the purpose of cutting slits in the surface. The invention is distinguished in that the device comprises collecting means for collecting the material cut from the surface by means of the cutter. The invention also relates to a dispensing device, comprising a filler material container, a channel to an outflow opening oriented toward a slit, which channel is connected to the filler material container, and a dispensing mechanism in at least one of the channel and the filler material container.

Abstract: An apparatus for cutting turf, for soil de-compacting and for soil drainage and irrigation. The apparatus has a chassis with a ground engaging means, an adjustable working arm having a chassis-engaging end movably mounted on the chassis and a tool-engaging end having means for receiving a tool. The apparatus also has means for oscillating the tool-engaging end of the adjustable working arm. The oscillating means comprises a drive means mounted on the chassis and a connecting means, preferably a single connecting rod, mounted intermediate the drive means and the adjustable working arm.

Abstract: A sod harvesting apparatus comprises at least two different configurations. In at least one configuration, the sod harvesting apparatus is set up to harvest sod from a field. In at least one configuration, the sod harvesting apparatus is set up for transportation, storage, or the like, by reducing the overall size of the sod harvesting apparatus.

Abstract: A sod harvester cuts several side-by-side strips of sod, preferably of total width equal to the width of a pallet, and directs the strips up three sets of conveyors arranged in sequence. The first conveyor set runs at or near ground speed; the second conveyor set runs at about double ground speed, and the third conveyor set runs at about triple ground speed. This creates a spatial and time gap between the trailing edges of a set of sod strips on the third conveyor and the leading edges of the next set of sod strips behind them on the second conveyor. The time gap is sufficient to stop the sod strips on the third conveyor and then pick them up and stack them on a pallet.

Abstract: A sod-laying machine having a low center of gravity and a seated operator position adjacent the roll of sod being placed. The superior visibility available to the operator makes it possible to place the sod more accurately and with less need for subsequent adjustment than has been possible previously. The machine has sod roll lifting arms that can be spaced apart to lift and place rolls having any of the common large sod roll widths. The machine can be configured to lay sod that is rolled with either the grass side or the dirt side outermost. Propulsion, roll lifting and roll width adjustment is hydraulic with continuously variable speed drive. Turf scuffing is minimized by trailing caster wheels and independently controllable drive wheels mounted close to the location of the sod roll.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for transferring sod slabs in an unrolled condition including a retractable bed for allowing a sod slab to fall under the influence of gravity from one sod bed to another sod bed with a further sod bed to allow a sod pickup mechanism to place and remove sod slabs thereon from different directions.

Abstract: A numerically-controlled robotic manipulator arm mounted to a sod harvester comprises two segments pivotally coupled together. One segment is rotatably coupled to a fixed base on the harvester while the second segment carries a pick-up head which can turn with respect to the segment. The pick-up head is capable of picking up, holding, and releasing sod rolls. The arm is programmable so that a variety of configurations of stacked sod rolls can be achieved.

Abstract: An apparatus for removing grass sprigs from sod and incorporating the grass sprigs into the ground, including a chassis, a sod conveying system mounted on the chassis and configured such that sod may be placed thereon and transported thereby, and a rotary tilling mechanism mounted on the chassis and oriented such that, during operation of the apparatus, the rotary tilling mechanism engages both the sod transported by the sod conveying system and the ground.

Abstract: A sod harvester includes a sod cut-off system driven by a hydraulic actuator controlled by a processor in response to signals from a ground speed sensor to cut a strip of sod to a desired length. The controller also operating to control the speed of conveyors used to roll the sod into a roll. The sensor measures the rotations of a ground wheel and produces a signal which is used by a processor on the harvester to determine the distance traveled by the harvester. A control valve assembly and a high pressure hydraulic fluid accumulator provide for rapid extension of the actuators to produce a rapid downward cutting action of the cutting blades. A hydraulic motor connected in driving relationship to an outer rear wheel of the harvester provides power thereto to overcome the tendency of the tractor to drift to that side.

Abstract: Disclosed is an automatic pallet presenter for agricultural equipment. The pallet presenter has a storage magazine for storing pallets and a rotatable table mechanism for bringing pallets into a desired location.

Abstract: A numerically-controlled robotic manipulator arm mounted to a sod harvester comprises two segments pivotally coupled together. One segment is rotatably coupled to a fixed base on the harvester while the second segment carries a pick-up head which can turn with respect to the segment. The pick-up head is capable of picking up, holding, and releasing sod rolls. The arm is programmable so that a variety of configurations of stacked sod rolls can be achieved.

Abstract: A numerically-controlled robotic manipulator arm mounted to a sod harvester comprises two segments pivotally coupled together. One segment is rotatably coupled to a fixed base on the harvester while the second segment carries a pick-up head which can turn with respect to the segment. The pick-up head is capable of picking up, holding, and releasing sod rolls. The arm is programmable so that a variety of configurations of stacked sod rolls can be achieved.

Abstract: A pre-starter for starting a turn in the end of a sod strip travelling up a conveyor in a sod harvester. The pre-starter includes a metal plate sloping downwardly and rearwardly with its end pressing against the sod strip to catch the blades of grass on the upper surface of the sod strip, thereby causing the end of the sod strip to curl upwardly. The curled end of the sod strip then moves into a conventional sod roll-up mechanism spaced immediately behind the pre-starter, to roll the sod strip. This forms accurate and consistent rolls suitable for automation.

Abstract: An improved method of mounting the cutting head of a sod harvester with respect to the conveyor employs a single ball joint between the cutting head and the conveyor, and a pair of side links spaced outwardly of the conveyor and arranged to constrain the cutting head against lateral displacement with respect to the conveyor. Preferably, the links are adjustable in length to permit vertical and lateral adjustment of the cutting head with respect to the conveyor, e.g. “tracking” of the cutting head.

Abstract: A sod roller for automatically controlling the angular position of the end or flap of a roll of sod about the roll. A device senses the end, or trailing edge, of a strip of sod as a roll is formed on a roll-up conveyor. The sod roller holds the roll in the roll-up conveyor as it continues to roll and ejects the roll from the roll-up conveyor in a manner responsive to the position of the trailing edge of the strip of sod.

Abstract: A numerically-controlled robotic manipulator arm mounted to a sod harvester comprises two segments pivotally coupled together. One segment is rotatably coupled to a fixed base on the harvester while the second segment carries a pick-up head which can turn with respect to the segment. The pick-up head is capable of picking up, holding, and releasing sod rolls. The arm is programmable so that a variety of configurations of stacked sod rolls can be achieved.

Abstract: A towable sod stacker having a pallet holder for holding a stack of sod, a conveyor for receiving and temporarily storing a plurality of cut sod slabs and a sod pickup mechanism for lifting the plurality of cut sod sections from the conveyor and vertically placing the sod slabs in any of four positions on the pallet to provide an alternately stacked pallet of sod slabs with the towable stacker conveyor laterally displaceable to permit an operator to on-the-go dump a spoiled sod slab from the conveyor.

Abstract: A sod harvester having a conveyor assembly to receive sod from a cutting head, a roll-up mechanism to form rolls from the cut sod, and a storage conveyor to receive a set of formed sod rolls, with a clamp to clamp the set of sod rolls and transfer it to a pallet. A diverter between the conveyor assembly and the storage conveyor normally allows sod rolls to travel to the storage conveyor but can be moved to create a gap through which defective sod rolls fall and are thereby rejected. A deflector located below the gap deflects scrap sod and defective sod rolls onto the cut portion of the sod field, rater than onto the uncut portion, so that the scrap sod deflected onto the field will not interfere with the next pass of the cutting head.

Abstract: A pre-starter for starting a turn in the end of a sod strip travelling up a conveyor in a sod harvester. The pre-starter includes a metal plate sloping downwardly and rearwardly with its end pressing against the sod strip to catch the blades of grass on the upper surface of the sod strip, thereby causing the end of the sod strip to curl upwardly. The curled end of the sod strip then moves into a conventional sod roll-up mechanism spaced immediately behind the pre-starter, to roll the sod strip. This forms accurate and consistent rolls suitable for automation.

Abstract: A sod harvester having a conveyor assembly to receive sod from a cutting head, a roll-up mechanism to form rolls from the cut sod, and a storage conveyor to receive a set of formed sod rolls, with a clamp to clamp the set of sod rolls and transfer it to a pallet. A diverter between the conveyor assembly and the storage conveyor normally allows sod rolls to travel to the storage conveyor but can be moved to create a gap through which defective sod rolls fall and are thereby rejected. A deflector located below the gap deflects scrap sod and defective sod rolls onto the cut portion of the sod field, rather than onto the uncut portion, so that the scrap sod deflected onto the field will not interfere with the next pass of the cutting head.

Abstract: A method the method of transferring a roll of sod while inhibiting an unwinding of the roll of sod comprising the steps of: (a) rolling a slab of sod into a first sod roll; (b) forcing the first sod roll onto a sod roll handling mechanism containing a second sod roll with the first sod roll forming pressure contact with the second sod roll on the sod roll handling mechanism; and (c) advancing the sod roll handling mechanism with the second sod roll while maintaining the first sod roll and the second sod roll in pressure contact to thereby inhibit the unwinding of the first sod roll as the first sod roll is transferred to the handling mechanism and an sod harvester guidance system for maintaining a full cut.

Abstract: A sod harvesting machine comprising a wheeled frame with single or dual cutterheads at the forward end and a sod-receiving wind-up saddle at the rear end. An endless conveyor with a single flight spans the length of the machine and cut sod which is received at the forward end is advanced rearwardly for elevation and transport to the wind-up saddle and discharge at the rear end. The wind-up saddle comprises an expandable frame with pivotally attached supporting arms which commence the wind-up operation in a generally closed “U” configuration, but are controllably adjustably expandable outwardly to open the saddle for continuously accommodating the increase in diameter of the sod roll being helically wound therewithin. When the sod roll reaches its maximum and completed size, the saddle arms are pivoted rearwardly to the horizontal for direct discharge from the harvesting machine onto the ground surface.

Abstract: A sod-laying machine having a low center of gravity and a seated operator position adjacent the roll of sod being placed is disclosed. The superior visibility available to the operator makes it possible to place the sod more accurately and with less need for subsequent adjustment than has been possible previously. The machine has sod roll lifting arms that can be spaced apart to lift and place rolls having any of the common large sod roll widths. The machine can be configured to lay sod that is rolled with either the grass side or the dirt side outermost. Propulsion, roll lifting and roll width adjustment is hydraulic with continuously variable speed drive. Turf scuffing is minimized by trailing caster wheels and independently controllable drive wheels mounted close to the location of the sod roll.

Abstract: A sod-collecting apparatus, comprising a collecting platform for supporting juxtaposed rows of coiled sods, a feed conveyor for feeding coiled sods, and a conveyor belt downstream of the feed conveyor, the conveyor belt extending along the collecting platform, wherein the feed conveyor and the conveyor belt are arranged for displacing the coiled sods on the conveyor belt along the collecting platform in a direction parallel to an axial body axis of coiled sods located on the conveyor belt, with a positioning structure for stopping each individual sod on the conveyor belt in at least one predetermined position along the collecting platform.

Abstract: A sod harvesting machine comprising a wheeled frame with single or dual cutterheads at the forward end and a sod-receiving wind-up saddle at the rear end. An endless conveyor with a single flight spans the length of the machine and cut sod which is received at the forward end is advanced rearwardly for elevation and transport to the wind-up saddle and discharge at the rear end. The wind-up saddle comprises an expandable frame with pivotally attached supporting arms which commence the wind-up operation in a generally closed “U” configuration, but are controllably adjustably expandable outwardly to open the saddle for continuously accommodating the increase in diameter of the sod roll being helically wound therewithin. When the sod roll reaches its maximum and completed size, the saddle arms are pivoted rearwardly to the horizontal for direct discharge from the harvesting machine onto the ground surface.

Abstract: A method the method of transferring a roll of sod while inhibiting an unwinding of the roll of sod comprising the steps of: (a) rolling a slab of sod into a first sod roll; (b) forcing the first sod roll onto a sod roll handling mechanism containing a second sod roll with the first sod roll forming pressure contact with the second sod roll on the sod roll handling mechanism; and (c) advancing the sod roll handling mechanism with the second sod roll while maintaining the first sod roll and the second sod roll in pressure contact to thereby inhibit the unwinding of the first sod roll as the first sod roll is transferred to the handling mechanism and an sod harvester guidance system for maintaining a full cut.

Abstract: A sod cutting apparatus includes a cutting head positioned to cut grass sods from grass land and a sod receiving conveyor positioned adjacent the cutting head for receiving the cut grass sods from the cutting head. The sod receiving conveyor has a discharge end which extends away from the cutting head and which is moveable between a first position and a second position. An intermediate conveyor is positioned adjacent the discharge end of the sod receiving conveyor for receiving a first cut grass sod from the discharge end of the sod receiving conveyor in the first position. An offset conveyor is positioned in spaced relation to the intermediate conveyor adjacent the discharge end of the sod receiving conveyor for receiving a second cut grass sod from the sod receiving conveyor in the second position. The intermediate conveyor and the offset conveyor are operable so that the offset conveyor stacks the second cut grass sod on the first cut grass sod.

Abstract: A sod cutting apparatus includes a cutting head positioned to cut grass sods from grass land and a sod receiving conveyor positioned adjacent the cutting head for receiving the cut grass sods from the cutting head. The sod receiving conveyor has a discharge end which extends away from the cutting head and which is moveable between a first position and a second position. An intermediate conveyor is positioned adjacent the discharge end of the sod receiving conveyor for receiving a first cut grass sod from the discharge end of the sod receiving conveyor in the first position. An offset conveyor is positioned in spaced relation to the intermediate conveyor adjacent the discharge end of the sod receiving conveyor for receiving a second cut grass sod from the sod receiving conveyor in the second position. The intermediate conveyor and the offset conveyor are operable so that the offset conveyor stacks the second cut grass sod on the first cut grass sod.

Abstract: A method of harvesting sod using a sod harvester involves the formation of a series of discrete slabs of sod that are positioned end-to-end, and conveyed up a conveyor that is driven at ground speed so that the slabs stay together. Netting is introduced continuously below the series of slabs as they enter a roll-forming enclosure of the harvester. The netting keeps the slabs together and allows them to be formed into a roll in essentially the same fashion as a continuous strip of sod. Roll formation is continued until a large diameter roll has been formed comprising multiple layers of sod slabs. The large roll forms a unitary structure wrapped in netting that can be manipulated and transported to a laying site in the same manner as a large single strip roll. At the site, the roll can be tipped onto its side, exposing the netting for removal and permitting individual slabs of sod to be pulled away from the roll and carried off for laying.

Abstract: The present invention provides a sod plug cutting and replanting device having a body with a sod plug retention cavity formed therein. The device further includes a cutting surface positioned at a lower section of the body such that the cutting surface will cut a plug of sod prior to the plug entering the plug retention cavity. The device also has a connector attached to the body such that the body may be fixed to a device for driving the body into the sod. The invention also provides a method for harvesting a section of sod by inserting into the section of sod a cutting device having a opening formed within the parameter of a cutting edge such that a plug of sod is separated from the section of sod. The method further includes positioning the plug of sod in the ground below a predetermined depth of the section of sod; and cutting the sod section at the predetermined depth such that the plug of sod remains in the ground when the section of sod is removed.

Abstract: A three wheeled sod laying apparatus is provided that employs a hydrostatic power system which allows the drive function and sod dispensing function to be operated at different speeds. This configuration enables the operator to vary the speed at which the sod is dispensed from the apparatus in relation to its forward speed to compensate for varying terrain or for inconsistences in the sod roll itself. The three wheeled configuration allows for a highly maneuverable vehicle that can straddle new sod as it is laid. Thus, the present invention allows for the laying of sod from large commercial sod rolls while avoiding the problems of sod buckling or tearing encountered while using presently available equipment.

Abstract: An elongated rod is journalled in a housing to reciprocate substantially vertical therefrom and has a cutting blade fixed on the tip of the lower end of the rod. A rotary motor is located at the upper end of the housing and is provided with an eccentric cam for converting the rotary motion into linear reciprocating motion.

Abstract: A sod harvester includes a cutter for forming a strip of cut sod, and an inclined conveyor for conveying the strip from the cutter to a roll-forming enclosure. The roll-forming enclosure comprises two belt conveyors at right angles to one another. The strip is delivered onto a generally horizontal one of the two conveyors, by which it is moved towards the second conveyor. The second conveyor then causes the leading end portion of the strip to turn back on itself and form the roll. A pair of spring-biassed fingers ensure proper roll formation. The strip of sod is cut transversely at an appropriate point and the sod within the enclosure is rolled up to complete the roll. The enclosure is turnable about a vertical axis to a laterally directed position, in which the roll can be discharged laterally clear of the next pass of the harvester. The roll can be wrapped in netting which is automatically cut as the roll-forming enclosure turns.