Abstract: An aerosol generating device may include a heater configured to heat an aerosol generating material, a battery configured to supply power to the heater, and a controller. In addition, the aerosol generating device may further include a user input detection sensor configured to receive a user's input and a pressure detection sensor configured to sense pressure. The controller may, in response to the user's input being sensed by using the user input detection sensor, obtain an initial pressure sensing value by using the pressure detection sensor. In addition, the controller may determine a reference pressure value based on the initial pressure sensing value and determine whether a puff of the aerosol generating device has occurred based on the reference pressure value.

Abstract: A tillage implement has gang assemblies of rotatable tillage tools that can be angle-adjusted from the seat of the towing tractor using hydraulic actuators. The tillage tools may comprise generally flat, wavy coulter blades or the like so that the machine may be set up for vertical tillage with the coulters aligned at a zero degree angle with the path of travel of the implement or for residue management operations with the coulters maintained at an oblique angle of up to ten degrees relative to the path of travel. A six degree angle is preferred for the residue management position. A master-slave hydraulic flow arrangement for the actuators assures simultaneous actuation, while mechanical synchronizing apparatus between the two front gang assemblies on the center frame section of the machine assures synchronized movement of those assemblies. Mechanical motion-transmitting mechanism transmits the hydraulically powered adjusting movement of the front gang assemblies to the rear gang assemblies.

Abstract: This tillage machine design utilizes the patented aerator tine by Martindale (U.S. Pat. No. 6,854,525). It is disclosed here in a series of different arrangements within machine frame designs. These frame design protocols protect the farmer from maintenance neglect and unintentional misuse of the tine technology which can lead to inconsistent performance. These designs result in greatly reduced costs of soil-engaging tines. The range of power requirements and concomitant degree of soil fracturing in relation to the number of tine perforations is achieved while enhancing soil erosion control potential. The frame design also embraces two additional technologies for crop residue re-sizing and secondary tillage, creating a one-pass total tillage machine for forage crops, vineyards, orchards, pastureland and row-crop production systems. The machine designs disclosed require less framing steel and ballasting requirements for soil penetration thus extending life of all component parts such as bearings.

Abstract: A tilling implement has a front row of concave disc blades having a front right portion and a front left portion symmetrically disposed about a centerline of the implement. A rear row of concave disc blades has a rear right portion and a rear left portion symmetrically disposed about the centerline of the implement. The rear right portion follows behind the front right portion in a right path and the rear left portion follows the front left portion in a left path when the implement is displaced through a field. The implement includes no ground engaging tool in the right path between the front right portion and the rear right portion, and no ground engaging tool in the left path between the front left portion and the rear left portion. A ground engaging tool is disposed generally along the centerline of the implement between the right and left paths.

Abstract: A disc gang is provided that is suitable for use as part of a multifunctional seedbed preparation implement or in a standalone disc harrow. The disc gang is configured to permit a gang angle of the disc gang to be adjusted to accommodate differing soil conditions and/or to obtain different tillage characteristics. The disc gang may include a frame mounted on a mainframe of a primary tillage implement such as a cultivator. The frame includes a main beam mounted on the implement's mainframe and a disc support beam connected to the main beam and supporting a plurality of rotating discs. The gang angle can be infinitely adjusted through a designated range by pivoting one end of the disc gang about a vertical pivot axis while permitting another end portion of the disc gang to slide along a support surface for that end.

Abstract: A cultivating implement has transversely opposing sub-frames slidably mounted in the main frame of the implement to permit lateral positional adjustment of work implements carried by the sub-frames. The work implements are supported by a mounting apparatus providing a tilt adjustment, a horizontal rotational adjustment, and a transverse spacing adjustment for each respective work implement. A tilt control plate limits the transverse tilting movement of the work implement, while a rotation control plate limits the rotational movement of the work implement in a horizontal plane. A rotatable powered brush attachment can be supported on the sub-frame to provide a gentle cultivating action for the edges of plastic material covering the crop row. A pivot linkage operated through a hydraulic actuator provides simultaneous lateral movement of the opposing sub-frames to affect selective positional adjustment of the work implements. The frame is pivoted to the hitch to offset side hill operation.

Abstract: A disc gang is provided that is suitable for use as part of a multifunctional seedbed preparation implement or in a standalone disc harrow. The disc gang is configured to permit a gang angle of the disc gang to be adjusted to accommodate differing soil conditions and/or to obtain different tillage characteristics. The disc gang may include a frame mounted on a mainframe of a primary tillage implement such as a cultivator. The frame includes a main beam mounted on the implement's mainframe and a disc support beam connected to the main beam and supporting a plurality of rotating discs. The gang angle can be infinitely adjusted through a designated range by pivoting one end of the disc gang about a vertical pivot axis while permitting another end portion of the disc gang to slide along a support surface for that end.

Abstract: A disc gang is provided that is suitable for use as part of a multifunctional seedbed preparation implement or in a standalone disc harrow. The disc gang is configured to permit a gang angle of the disc gang to be adjusted to accommodate differing soil conditions and/or to obtain different tillage characteristics. The disc gang may include a frame mounted on a mainframe of a primary tillage implement such as a cultivator. The frame includes a main beam mounted on the implement's mainframe and a disc support beam connected to the main beam and supporting a plurality of rotating discs. The gang angle can be infinitely adjusted through a designated range by pivoting one end of the disc gang about a vertical pivot axis while permitting another end portion of the disc gang to slide along a support surface for that end.

Abstract: A device for soil preparation. The device has a direction of movement during operation. The device comprises a carrier beam for carrying disc-shaped elements extending parallel to each other. The position of each disc-shaped element is adjustable and lockable. The device comprises measuring means for measuring the momentary position of at least one of the disc-shaped elements.

Abstract: A device for soil preparation. The device has a direction of movement during operation. The device comprises a carrier beam for carrying disc-shaped bodies extending parallel to each other. The angle of each disc-shaped body relative to the carrier beam is adjustable and lockable by means of a first adjusting device. The first adjusting device is computer-controlled.

Abstract: A tool forms and shapes raised beds efficiently by forming and shaping a mound between the tractor tires and forming half mounds to the left and right of the tractor on one pass. The tool includes forward and rear disks mounted at different angles, so that one disk throws dirt to one side and the other disk throws dirt to the other side.

Abstract: This is a machine for forming V-ditches for the irrigation of soil. The machine consists of a central frame with a two wheel carriage and plows of subassemblies. Each plow consists of a right subassembly and a left subassembly universally connected to the right and left sides respectively of the central frame. Each plow forms an acute horizontal angle with the central frame. The acute angle is fixed by the use of chains, having one part adjacent to an end attached to the central frame and another part of the chain adjacent to the opposite end, attached to the extended end of the subassembly. Each subassembly contains concavo-convex rotatable discs mounted parallel to each other on a common axle. The discs are assembled so that the concave side of the discs penetrate the soil when the machine is moved forward by a suitable draft device.

Abstract: The working depth of obliquely angled disc gangs on the implement can be readily adjusted from the tractor seat with a single hydraulic cylinder through the use of mechanical linkage that couples the hydraulic cylinder with all of the disc gangs for simultaneous movement. Special pivots that join the gangs to the main frame permit the gangs to be manually angled adjusted without affecting depth, and vice-versa, while quick-release locks securely hold the gangs in their selected angular positions yet permit rapid adjustment.

Abstract: An earth moving machine attachment is disclosed comprising a plurality of disk units mounted to a disk unit mounting beam which is fixed to a beam pushing frame for pivotally coupling to a dozer or tractor C frame. The beam pushing frame is angled obtusely in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction from the direction of push by a pair of reciprocal operating hydraulic cylinders to grade the earth materials to one side or the other of the C frame. The disk unit mounting beam and attached disk units are hingedly connected to a parallel offset shaft of the beam pushing frame for tilting the disk blades to provide restricted floatation on the earth materials. A sliding feature of the hinged connection between the disk unit mounting beam and the beam pushing frame accommodates hydraulic power means of shifting the load relative to the pushing axis of the earth moving machine.

Abstract: Apparatus for use in combination with a road working machine for mixing a liquid plasticizing agent within a layer of scarified road surface materal is disclosed. The apparatus includes an array of discs for lifting and turning the scarified road surface material and a nozzle supported in a position for spraying the liquid plasticizing agent upon the road surface material as it is lifted and turned by the discs. In a preferred embodiment, the discs are secured to a rotatable shaft which is mounted for angular movement through a plane lying transverse to the direction of travel so that the disc assembly may follow longitudinal undulations in the road surface.

Abstract: Cultivator apparatus comprises an elongate main frame and a plurality of cultivator sub-assemblies spaced along the length of the main frame and each including a sub-assembly frame. Respective linking means connect each of the sub-assembly frames to the main frame for independent floating movement of the sub-assembly frame with respect to the main frame while preventing tilting of the sub-assembly frame with respect to the main frame.