Abstract: A system for adjusting the spacing between ground engaging tools of an agricultural implement may include a plurality of ground engaging tools including a first end tool, a second end tool, and at least one intermediate tool positioned between the first and second end tools, with an adjustable ground engaging width being defined between the first and second end tools. The system may further include a biasing element positioned between each respective pair of adjacent engaging tools and configured to apply a biasing force against its respective pair of adjacent tools such that an inter-tool spacing between each respective pair of adjacent tools is maintained substantially uniform across the plurality of ground engaging tools as the ground engaging width is adjusted.

Abstract: A retrieval arrangement for a ripper of a machine includes a bollard that is disposed towards a rear portion of the machine. The bollard includes a base that is disposed along a mid-plane of the ripper and connected to the ripper via a ripper carriage. A method for retrieving the ripper includes positioning a sling around the bollard, and pulling the sling using another machine such that the bollard is biased in the direction away from the ripper carriage.

Abstract: A towing tractor includes a frame, a counterweight that is connected to a rear part of the frame, and a plurality of component parts supported by the frame. The frame includes a plurality of frame assemblies that are connected to each other by bolts. Each frame assembly includes a plurality of frame members. Each frame member is selected according to the component parts, from a plurality of members to be selected that is different from each other in at least one of dimensions in a longitudinal direction and a width direction of the frame.

Abstract: A pull bar mounting bracket assembly is provided for mounting to the weight rack on the front of a given make of tractor. The mounting assembly includes two brackets positioned on either end of a row of weights that are made for said tractor make and supported on the weight rack, the brackets also being made for the given make of tractor and supported on the weight rack like the weights. The brackets have apertures that align with corresponding apertures in the weights to allow a bolt to be extended through the weights and secured at each end to the brackets. Each bracket also supports a clamp having a fixed clamp base and a removable clamp lock that are used to removably secure a pull bar to the brackets. The pull bar mounting bracket assembly can be easily removed from one model of the given make of tractor to another model of that tractor make without requiring any modification or customization of the mounting assembly or the tractors.

Abstract: A pull bar mounting bracket assembly is provided for mounting to the weight rack on the front of a given make of tractor. The mounting assembly includes two brackets positioned on either end of a row of weights that are made for said tractor make and supported on the weight rack, the brackets also being made for the given make of tractor and supported on the weight rack like the weights. The brackets have apertures that align with corresponding apertures in the weights to allow a bolt to be extended through the weights and secured at each end to the brackets. Each bracket also supports a clamp having a fixed clamp base and a removable clamp lock that are used to removably secure a pull bar to the brackets. The pull bar mounting bracket assembly can be easily removed from one model of the given make of tractor to another model of that tractor make without requiring any modification or customization of the mounting assembly or the tractors.

Abstract: A ballast system provided herein includes: a ballast including: a first recessed bottom portion; a second recessed bottom portion; a sump portion between the first and second portion, the sump portion configured to extend downward past the first and second recessed bottom portions; and a machine comprising a ballast holding area, the ballast holding area including: a channel configured to receive a ballast; a first cantilevered lip; and a second cantilevered lip spaced apart from the first cantilevered lip, the first and second cantilevered lips configured to hold the ballast in place there between.

Abstract: In an implementation, a roller system is provided. The roller system includes a modular frame. The frame includes a plurality of weight component attachment points. Each weight component attachment point is adapted to receive one or more weight components such that a weight of the frame and location of a center of gravity of the frame is adjusted by the addition of one or more weight components to each of the plurality of weight component attachment points. The frame further includes at least one arm assembly adapted to connect to the frame, and to apply force to a surface, wherein the force applied to the surface is proportional to the weight of the frame and the location of the center of gravity of the frame.

Abstract: A balancing system for an agricultural vehicle includes a balance weight which has take-up pins at its sides. The pins are oriented coaxially to a common pivot axis so that the balancing weight can be taken up by the lower links of a three point implement hitch. When the balance weight has been taken up, it can be moved from a position of the center of gravity (S) of the balance weight close to the vehicle to a position distant from the vehicle. In order to attain a balance as optimal as possible, the position of the center of gravity of the balance weight in its position close to the vehicle is located below the pivot axis. Pivoting devices are provided so that the balance weight can be pivoted about the pivot axis so that it can also be brought from a position close to the vehicle to a position distant from the vehicle, where the balance weight occupies a lower position of the center of gravity in the position close to the vehicle than in the position distant from the vehicle.

Abstract: The stadium groomer includes a hitch adapted to be pulled by a vehicle. An adjustable hitching mechanism is disposed on one side of the hitch. The hitch includes a base having wheels disposed at the bottom of the base. A grooming frame is pivotally mounted to the opposite side of the base. The grooming frame includes a tank that can be selectively filled with water to increase the weight of the grooming frame. A plurality of plow blades are disposed on opposite sides of the tank in a relatively staggered pattern, and the penetration depth of each of the blades Is adjustable. An adjustable base leveling bar and a pivotal smoothing bar are mounted to the tank on the trailing side thereof. The leveling bar levels the plowed soil beneath the penetration depth of the plow blades while the smoothing bar smoothes the disturbed surface.

Abstract: A road grader having the components or assemblies of a rear counterweight, lights and a bumper. This rear frame should consist of few individual parts, render possible a simple assembly for the rear counterpoise weight and offer sufficient options for building on different pieces of rear-mounted equipment. That is achieved if the bumper and the rear counterweight consist of a rear end plate vertically aligned and extending across the entire width of the grader, which represents the rearmost part of the rear frame and onto which the lighting is attached in the region of its outer ends.

Abstract: A three point hitch for a work machine includes a first and a second draft link each having a mounting end portion and a free end portion opposite the mounting end portion. Mounting end portion being mounted to a first side of a work machine to allow upward and downward pivotal movement of the free end portion beside an upwardly and downwardly extending fixed structural element of the work machine. Mounting end portion of the second draft link being mounted to a second side of the work machine opposite the first side to allow upward and downward pivotal movement of the free end portion of the second draft link. A sway restrictor mounts on the free end portion of the first draft link and restricts sideward swaying thereof toward and away from the structural element. A counterweight for use with the three point hitch is interchangeable with a fluid motor.

Abstract: A counterweight system for maintain stability of a tractor and the ability to compress a support surface when desired includes a tractor. A frame is selectively hitched to the tractor. A counterweight is coupled to the frame. The counterweight has a weight to balance weight positioned at the front of the tractor. A plurality of hitch balls is coupled to the frame. A trailer receives one of the hitch balls to allow the trailer to be coupled to the frame and to be towed to a different location.

Abstract: The present invention is an apparatus for compacting ground using fluids stored in containers placed on the ground. The fluid containers may include a closely packed array of vertically aligned tubes arranged parallel to one another. Their base ends may be sealed and rest on the ground surface to be compacted. Their opposite upper ends may be either open or have a form of removable apertured lid or cap thereon to assist in filling of fluid into the containers. The closely packed array of tubes may be interlocked to one another for support and stability.

Abstract: A paving machine includes a frame having a hopper, a screed and a conveyor to transfer paving material between the hopper and the screed. A ballast system of the paving machine includes an actuator configured to adjust a movable ballast such as a liquid ballast to switch the paving machine between ballast states corresponding to different operating configurations thereof.

Abstract: A concrete stamping apparatus includes a roller with a stamp forming its surface, and a receiving portion for rotatably holding the roller. There is also a system for delivering fluid to the roller along its surface, such that it releases easily from the concrete. The receiving portion can be adjustably weighted, such that the roller will stamp the concrete uniformly as the concrete tightens.

Abstract: A machine for controlling and eventually eradicating cactus and other succulent plants in farm and ranch pastures and other lands and land uses. This apparatus for mechanically controlling and eradicating cactus and other succulent plants uses a cutter deck on the machine to break off cactus pads near ground level. The tool uses a crushing rail to crush and mangle cactus pads and large portions of other succulents increasing the probability that the plant parts will not reroot. The machine in its preferred embodiment is towed by a tractor or other vehicle. A preferred embodiment includes a ballast rail to increase the weight of the tool and enhance the crushing action and a chain tow bridle to attach the tool to the towing vehicle. Another preferred embodiment includes a loop forming bolt to hold the bridle.

Abstract: A mat for sweeping a surface, formed of grid-like, semi-flexible material. The mat is pulled over the surface to effect the sweeping. The material has open slots (112a,112b) therethrough. The slots have a leading edge and a trailing edge disposed transversely relative to the direction of travel of the mat. Ground debris can pass upwardly through each slot, over the respective railing edge to collect on an upper surface of the mat. Over the upper surface, the grid-like material defines an array of first apertures (136). At least a substantial proportion of the first aperatures (136) have within them second apertures (146) of smaller size than the first apertures.

Abstract: A reversible road scraper has two-edged blades that allow the scraper to be pulled in two different directions. The blades can be mounted on springs so that the scraper will not hang up on any objects that could potentially damage the scraper. Also, the scraper may include an edger blade to trim and define the edge of a road.

Abstract: A reversible road scraper has two-edged blades that allow the scraper to be pulled in two different directions. The blades can be mounted on springs so that the scraper will not hang up on any objects that could potentially damage the scraper. Also, the scraper may include an edger blade to trim and define the edge of a road.

Abstract: A lawn aerator that is attachable to a piece of mechanized lawn care equipment, such as a self-propelled lawn mower, lawn tractor and the like, for aerating a lawn. The lawn aerator includes a frame having first and second opposite ends, with the frame including mounting structure connected thereto adjacent the first end to enable mounting of the frame to the piece of mechanized lawn care equipment. In addition, an aerator assembly is pivotally mounted on the frame so that the aerator assembly is pivotable relative to the frame between a ground engaging position and a disengaged position. The aerator assembly includes a plurality of caster assemblies each of which includes at least one tine head assembly including an aerator wheel connected to a pivot head.

Abstract: The invention comprises an apparatus for clearing range land of sagebrush an other invading non-grazing plant species. The device is adapted to be towed by a tractor, and has a pair of blades arranged in a "V" configuration, with the point of the "V" facing forward. The device is adapted to float on the ground surface so as to not bind on immovable embedded objects. Removable knife blades on the lower, ground-engaging surfaces of the blades shear off or pull out brush. A roller having roller blades on the surface mulches the just-cleared land in preparation for seeding. A seeding apparatus may be affixed to the device to immediately apply native grasses and other forage plants.

Abstract: This invention is a simple, safe, and inexpensive beam structure for tractor forward mounting of a blade (24). A pivot plate (11) is mounted at the tractor lower mid-section. Parallel beams (12) are positioned through the pivot plate (11) and extend beyond the tractor front and rear. The aft ends of beams (12) are attached to the tractor 2 or 3 point rear hydraulic lift arms (26). The forward ends of the beams (12) are the blade primary attachment points. A counterweight (13) attached rearward will raise the blade (24) when the tractor 2 or 3 point rear hydraulic lift arms (26) are lowered. The blade (24) is lowered by raising the 2 and 3 point rear hydraulic lift arms (26), thereby, giving effective vertical control of the front mounted blade.

Abstract: A supplementary weight for ballasting a vehicle can be adapted to be hooked onto a carrier component. The weight includes an entry opening which is bordered by an upper leg and a lower leg. The upper leg is supported on the carrier component which projects into the entry opening. Generally vertical bores extend in the upper leg and the lower leg, and the leg bores are aligned with a corresponding vertical bore in the carrier component. An attaching bolt is received by these bores when the weight is mounted on the carrier component. The attaching bolt has a head, a shank and a threaded section. The attaching bolt is screwed into an axially movable tensioning device which is mounted inside the lower leg, thus clamping the carrier component to the upper leg.

Abstract: A lawn aerator has a series of tine assemblies spaced along a driven shaft driven by a motor. Each fine assembly has a plurality of tines for aeration extending in a substantially radial pattern about the driven shaft. The inner tine assemblies along the middle portion of the driven shaft are secured to the driven shaft to drive the aerator along the lawn as the driven shaft rotates. The outer tine assemblies adjacent to the ends of the driven shaft are rotatably mounted to the driven shaft. This permits the outer tine assemblies to rotate independently and thereby makes the aerator more maneuverable and easier to turn. Removable weights can be attached to either side of the aerator housing to help maintain a straight course when traversing a slope.

Abstract: A farm implement includes a plurality of equipment heads (such as planter heads) for engaging the earth and a carriage for mounting the heads for movement in a first direction. The equipment heads are kept level when moving in a first direction over terrain that is sloped and a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction so that the equipment heads remain in proper operative engagement with the earth. The leveling mechanism includes a channel shaped structure so that it is substantially stationary with respect to the carriage and extends substantially in a second direction, a movable ballast element mounted in the channel shaped structure, and a powered ballast moving device.

Abstract: A multiple tandem castering aerator assembly is provided for mounting to the rear portion of a commercial lawnmower deck. The assembly comprises a set of tandem castering aerator wheel assemblies having a pair of vertically moveable pivot plates that bear a weighted wheel and a spiked aerator wheel assembly. The aerator wheel assembly has four curved tines and is rotatably mounted between the pivot point of the pivot plate and the weighted wheel. The assemblies caster behind and follow a moving lawnmower and the weighted wheel provides sufficient force for driving the aerator wheel tines into the ground for aeration of the soil.

Abstract: An aerator includes a frame supported on a pair of forward wheels and a pair of rearward wheels. An aerator head is mounted on a pivot frame on the forward end of the aerator frame, the pivot frame mounted to move the aerator head from a disengaged position above the ground, downwardly to an engaged position wherein tines on the aerator head work the soil. The pivot frame includes a forwardly projecting arm upon which the aerator head is mounted, and a rearwardly projecting arm upon which the forward wheels of the frame are mounted, such that movement of the pivot frame will engage either the forward wheels of the frame or the aerator head. An hydraulic cylinder is mounted between the frame and the pivot frame to selectively move the pivot frame to engage the aerator head or the forward wheels with the ground.

Abstract: A crawler tractor is disclosed with a counterweight assembly which affords optimum weight distribution and traction for operation on steep slopes and grades. The assembly includes a counterweight body having a shank which is carried by a housing mounted by a support arm weldment on the rear end of the tractor. The shank is releasably engaged with the housing. Hydraulic actuators are provided to move the counterweight to a lowered position for backing the tractor uphill, and for raising the counterweight for dozing in a downhill direction. One embodiment provides for selective fore and aft positioning of the counterweight relative to the tractor in accordance with operating conditions.

Abstract: An aerator for lawns and the like has spiders formed of four identically formed members. Each member has a tine on each end, so four members provide eight tines for the spider. The members are relatively narrow, and filler members at each side of the tine members provide stability to the spider. The spiders are carried by a frame, and the frame carries a weight-receiving tray for carrying weight to assure penetration of the tines. Springs carry the tray on the frame so the springs will absorb the energy if the tines engage an impenetrable object.

Abstract: There is disclosed a manually powered aeration device having a frame and a removable weight tank which is positioned such that the center of gravity of the weight tank and the aerator cylidner are in substantially vertical alignment.

Abstract: A garden roller tool is provided having a weighted roller journaled on fork end of a ferrule at proximal end of an elongated handle. In one position the handle is tilted downwardly with the roller elevated applying pressure on an implement of the tool pushing the implement into the ground. In another position the handle is raised upwardly with roller lowered releasing pressure on the implement of the tool, raising the implement from the ground, allowing the roller to roll over the ground.

Abstract: Improved tractor frontal three-point connection apparatus with lower links attached to the front bolster at a pivot axis behind the front panelling of the tractor housing and pivotable to positions behind such panelling, the lower links having rear extensions acted on by lower ends of substantially vertical hydraulic cylinders to pivot the lower links to a substantially vertical orientation, thereby facilitating movement of lower links to inoperative positions over the front axles. Preferred embodiments include a tubular rock shaft rotatably mounted on the front bolster and having rearwardly extending cylinder-attachment lugs, opposite ends removably receiving journals of the lower links, and pocket members at each end receiving and interacting with the rear extensions of the lower links.

Abstract: A soil cultivating implement comprising a row of power-drivable, soil working members supported by a hollow frame extending substantially horizontally perpendicular to the implement's intended direct of operative travel to provide selectively upwardly or downwardly directed forces upon that row via the hollow frame. A supporting ground roller is connected behind the row, its rotary axis being contained in an imaginary vertical plane. A mobile implement provides mass to exert a downward force on the cultivating implement at a coupling point which, in turn, is translated into an upward force on the frame's forward aspect by way of arms and strong pivots, such arms being turnable about the ground roller's rotary axis. The upwardly directed force assists soil-working members automatically to elevate as needed for riding over rocks or other buried obstacles without significant damage.

Abstract: An adjustable vehicle counterweight device (10) with cylinder positioning means (62). The vehicle counterweight device (10) comprises a frame (16) for being secured to a motor vehicle, such as a tractor (12), and comprises a weight member (14) reciprocatably supported by the frame (16) such that the weight member (14) is laterally reciprocatable and selectively positionable along a path of travel substantially parallel to the axis of the axle (13) of the tractor so as to allow the selective alteration of the center of gravity of the tractor (12). The device (10) also includes means for selectively moving the weight member (14) along its path of travel, which, in the preferred embodiment, comprises a hydraulic cylinder (22) provided with cylinder positioning means (62) for adjusting the axial position of the cylinder portion (24) of the hydraulic cylinder (22) to alter the range of travel of the weight member (14).

Abstract: A weight support assembly for mounting to the rear frame portion of a tractor comprising a first side and second sidewall, and a bottom support plate fixably mounted along the longitudinal sides thereof to the lower portion of respective sidewalls and extending generally horizontally. The frame's rearwardmost portion pivotally supporting the first and second sidewalls in transversely spaced apart relationship such that the first and second sidewalls extend generally vertical, the bottom support plate being located generally below the frame and extending generally inwardly forward of the frame. A first support arm and second support arm are pivotally mounted to the frame at a point therealong at one end and pivotally mounted at the other end to a respective one of the first and second sidewalls. A plurality of weights horizontally extending and vertically stacked on the bottom support plate. A plurality of bolts journalled vertically through the bottom support plate and weights.

Abstract: An improved windrow yard rake useful for the raking of leaves, garden debris and the like. The rake has an adjustable drawbar to allow for the angling of the partially cylindrical main rake body so that the accumulated debris will circulate to the outermost end of the rake relative to the operator. The drawbar is also vertically adjustable in order to achieve a comfortable angle of approach to the operator. Wheels are attached to the top rear corner of the main rake body in such a way that if the rake is turned over on its top the rake is easily transported by rolling it on the wheels. Four pockets are provided on the rear of the rake to allow for weighted materials to be deposited in order to increase the overall weight of the rake itself. A lid is also provided to prevent loss of weighted materials upon transporting the rake via the wheels.

Abstract: A lawn working implement having rigid teeth which is towed behind a small tractor or other such apparatus to thatch, sow or work a lawn. The implement is compact and highly maneuverable, yet applies pressure to its rigid tines to work the lawn effectively and efficiently. Swivel mounted wheels allow the implement to follow the tractor directly in its path so that confined areas of yards may be reached. The height of the tines above ground may be adjusted by varying the setting at which the wheels are attached to the frame, and their pressure against the ground may be adjusted by adding bricks, cement or other heavy material to a cavity in the implement. The implement has a hitch for attaching a sweeper or lawn vacuum to be towed behind it.

Abstract: Ballast blocks are located within a tool bar of an agricultural implement to increase its weight. Modular blocks of concrete are inserted into the tool bars and held by end retainers. The blocks are provided with bevels and notches for cooperation with an extractor to simplify removal of blocks when this is desired.

Abstract: A turf conditioning apparatus includes a supporting bar suitably attached to a commercial tractor-mower and a netting suspended from it so as to engage the ground surface immediately after the tractor-mower. A chain or like weighted member is attached to and extends across the width of the netting to insure engagement of the remaining rearward portion of the netting with the ground. Conventional operation of the tractor-mower causes the netting to be dragged across the ground surface and thereby condition same.

Abstract: An articulated vehicle with pivoting motion, on which the forward carriage supports a loading shovel for a forklift and the rear carriage a counterweight, at least a portion of the counterweight being displaceably arranged on a rear guide mounted transversely to the rear carriage and being so connected with the forward carriage that for every pivoting excursion an opposite displacement of the counterweight is achieved.

Abstract: A mulch tiller or similar implement having a rigid frame supporting a plurality of forward trash-sizing gang assemblies and rearward plow tools. Spring brackets rockably support the gang asemblies for independent vertical movement with respect to the frame and maintain a generally constant down pressure of the gangs against the soil. The frame includes diagonal beam structure and a lower subframe assembly for compact shipping, good draft load distribution and underframe clearance. Common depth control, main frame and hitch components are utilized for implements of varying widths to reduce cost.

Abstract: An improved land vehicle for constructing rice levees comprises a unitary, ground contacting roller-wheel assembly surrounded by a frame member. The shape and size of the roller permits the construction of rice levees having the desired shape and dimensions. The roller is hollow so that it may be filled with materials as desired to vary its weight and thereby adapt it for varying rice field conditions. Tires mounted on the roller-wheel assembly function to aid in levee construction and to allow the vehicle to be transported without the use of special equipment.

Abstract: The planter includes a number of forward tillage units each followed by an aligned planting unit. Both units are independently mounted by four-bar linkages to the planter frame. Each tillage unit includes a leading banded coulter followed by a pair of rolling row cleaning discs which are, in turn, followed by a fluted coulter. The system may be used in any of the following planting modes: (1) no-till planting, in which the fluted coulter only is used to prepare a narrow band of soil for planting with no trash removal; (2) ridge planting or till-planting, in which the row cleaning discs clear a deeper wide band before the fluted coulter while leaving bands between the row crops untilled; (3) minimum tillage planting, in which the row cleaning discs may be used to clear a shallow band of surface trash before the fluted coulter; and (4) conventional planting, in which the tillage units are raised and not used.

Abstract: A weighting device is suspended beneath a tractor and between its wheels to improve the traction of the wheels and the stability of the tractor. The device has the general form of a flat, elongated element with a width substantially less than the spacing between the wheels of the tractor and which extends from at least the rear of the tractor to a point beyond the front of the tractor in order to carry weights which are utilized to prevent the tractor from rearing or lifting. The weight is suspended on the tractor by elements which include flaps, sliding shoulders integral with the tractor, sliding wing flanges and jacks. The jacks may be controlled by fluid distributors for driving the device, and therefore the weights, both longitudinally and transversely along a plane substantially parallel to the ground or other support surface.

Abstract: A motor vehicle having excavating machinery mounted thereon and having at least two axles, at least one of which is driven, and further including an operator cab, the vehicle having counterweights on each lateral side of the cab, guides for the counterweights extending lengthwise of the vehicle on each lateral side of the cab, the counterweights being movable along the guides from a first position above one of the axles to a second position above the other of the axles, and apparatus for selectively securing the counterweights in each of the two positions.

Abstract: A soil ripping tooth assembly is pivotally mounted for vertical movement within a horizontally disposed downwardly and forwardly open box frame having a drawbar and drawn by a prime mover having a hydraulic fluid supply system. A scraping blade is connected in depending relation with the rearward wall of the box frame for collecting soil within the confines of the box frame. A pair of wheels, journalled by stub axles, connected with a weight support frame in turn pivotally connected to the rearward side of the box frame, supports the box frame and ripper tooth assembly in combination with the drawbar. A plurality of hydraulic cylinders, mounted on the box frame and respectively connected with the drawbar, ripper tooth assembly and weight supporting frame, selectively tilt the ripper tooth assembly and respective sides and ends of the box frame toward and away from the surface of the earth in a soil collecting and distributing action.

Abstract: An excavating loading system is disclosed which includes a vehicle with an excavating wheel assembly at the front and a plurality of conveyors toward the rear. The conveyors of the excavating and loading system include cross conveyors and a main conveyor for receiving material from the excavating wheels. The main conveyor transports the material rearwardly from the excavating wheel assembly and delivers the material to the opposite end of the vehicle. An auxiliary conveyor assembly is pivotally supported at the rear end of the vehicle to receive material from the main conveyor and to transport the material either laterally or rearwardly. The auxiliary conveyor assembly has inner and outer conveyors mounted with the discharge end of one conveyor adjacent the receiving end of the other conveyor. The conveyors are connected so that the outer conveyor can be folded under the inner conveyor.

Abstract: An improved garden tool comprising an end plate attached to a tubular fitting extending vertically from the substantial center thereof, the tubular fitting being adapted to receive a wooden handle. The end plate itself is cut in plan form to provide a conventional hoe blade extending over a segment of an arc with a Warren hoe and a rake equally spaced therefrom. The hoe blade surface is further provided with two openings for securing a lead weight biasing the hoe in a preferred orientation. Furthermore the plate area of the Warren hoe and the rake is distributed to provide equal weight distribution, thus insuring a balanced configuration during the use of the hoe which entails the most pronounced impact stroke.

Abstract: A combination tool having teeth on one side for both loosening and raking soil or material on the surface of ground and having on its opposite side a portion with a substantially flat bottom for smoothing such soil or material in a manual trowel-like action.

Abstract: Apparatus of a dual wheel, engine driven garden plow for breaking up soil, then distributing the soil in rows and plowing out between the rows during the growth of a crop. Such apparatus includes an engine powered tractor, dual wheel front frame construction and a counter weight stabilizer bar in the rear for permitting riding of the apparatus. A lever system provides the adjustment structure for the plow itself.

Abstract: A laminated structure includes a wafer member with a membrane attached thereto, the membrane being formed of substantially hydrogen-free boron nitride having a nominal composition B.sub.3 N. The structure may be a component in a mechanical device for effecting a mechanical function, or the membrane may form a masking layer on the wafer. The structure includes a body formed of at least two wafer members laminated together with a cavity formed therebetween, with the boron nitride membrane extending into the cavity so as to provide the structural component such as a support for a heating element or a membrane in a gas valve. In another aspect borom is selectively diffused from the boron nitride into a <100> surface of a silicon wafer. The surface is then exposed to EDP etchant to which the diffusion layer is resistant, thereby forming a channel the wafer member with smooth walls for fluid flow.