Abstract: An apparatus to provide a label-free or native particle analysis comprises a light generating system producing first light pulses at a first wavelength and second light pulses at a second wavelength; and a flow cell coupled to the light generating system to convey particles for analysis. The light generating system is configured to chirp at least one of the first light pulses and the second light pulses to analyze the particles.

Abstract: A clocked comparator includes an upper-side sampling latch configured to output a first decision in accordance with a detection of a sign of an input voltage signal plus an offset voltage at an edge of a clock signal; a lower-side sampling latch configured to output a second decision in accordance with a detection of a sign of the input voltage signal minus the offset voltage at the edge of the clock signal; and a decision-arbitrating latch configured to receive the first decision and the second decision and output a final decision in accordance with whichever one of the first decision and the second decision that is resolved earlier.

Abstract: In a detection circuit, inputs correspond to received indications of vector signaling code words received by a first integrated circuit from a second integrated circuit. With four inputs, the circuit compares a first pair to obtain a first difference result and compares a second pair, disjoint from the first pair, to obtain a second difference result. The first and second difference results are then summed to form an output function. A system might use a plurality of such detection circuits to arrive at an input word. The circuit can include amplification, equalization, and input selection with efficient code word detection. The vector signaling code can be a Hadamard matrix code encoding for three input bits. The circuit might also have frequency-dependent gain, a selection function that directs one of the summation function result or the first difference result to the output function, variable gain, and/or a slicer.

Abstract: In a detection circuit, inputs correspond to received indications of vector signaling code words received by a first integrated circuit from a second integrated circuit. With four inputs, the circuit compares a first pair to obtain a first difference result and compares a second pair, disjoint from the first pair, to obtain a second difference result. The first and second difference results are then summed to form an output function. A system might use a plurality of such detection circuits to arrive at an input word. The circuit can include amplification, equalization, and input selection with efficient code word detection. The vector signaling code can be a Hadamard matrix code encoding for three input bits. The circuit might also have frequency-dependent gain, a selection function that directs one of the summation function result or the first difference result to the output function, variable gain, and/or a slicer.

Abstract: In a transmitter of an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) system, a subchannelization module generates an OFDMA symbol with data on multiple subcarriers, from received incoming data packets. An input controller applies a first formula to determine a first index of each received data packet, and stores each received data packet at an address in memory according to its first index. An output controller applies a second formula to determine the nature of the data to be carried by each subcarrier in the OFDMA symbol and, if said second formula indicates that a data subcarrier should be output, reads the data from said memory, wherein said data packets are stored in said memory at addresses such that the data can be read out at least piecewise sequentially when generating the OFDMA symbol.

Abstract: A method and a device for determining a train length of a plurality of coupled railroad traction vehicles, each having a vehicle device with an ID specific to the railroad traction vehicle, include determining the train length of arbitrarily long train sets in a secure and simple signaling manner by having vehicle devices determine if the railroad traction vehicle is coupled on one side or both sides by evaluating coupling contacts. The IDs of all of the coupled railroad traction vehicles or ID pairs indicating adjoining relationships of railroad traction vehicles directly coupled to one another are successively transmitted to a particular vehicle device by digital I/O connections between the vehicle devices. The device determines the train length as a function of received IDs or ID pairs.

Abstract: A method for producing a set of inbound pulse patterns and detection vectors for lengths longer than 4 cycles in an AC waveform. These are used for generating inbound messages in a two-way automatic communication system (TWACS). The method uses Hadamard matrices adapted to generate a set of detection vectors by permuting rows of a matrix and removing certain columns of the matrix to meet system design requirements. The method can be extended to any length and modified to accommodate multiple pulses per half-cycle to support higher data rates.

Abstract: A new method for transmitter-receiver design that enhances the desired signal output from the receiver by whitening the total interference and noise input to the receiver and maximizing the output Signal to Interference plus Noise power Ratio (SINR) is presented. As a result of the whitening process, the receiver “sees” a desired signal in white noise, and the receiver structure is then optimized to maximize the receiver output at the desired decision making instant. Furthermore the new design scheme proposed here can be used for transmit signal energy and bandwidth tradeoff. As a result, transmit signal energy can be used to tradeoff for “premium” signal bandwidth without sacrificing the system performance level in terms of the output Signal to Interference plus Noise power Ratio (SINR).

Abstract: A new method for transmitter-receiver design that enhances the desired signal output from the receiver while minimizing the total interference and noise output from the receiver at the desired decision making instant is presented. Further the new design scheme proposed here can be used for transmit signal energy and bandwidth tradeoff. As a result, transmit signal energy can be used to tradeoff for the “premium” signal bandwidth without sacrificing the system performance level in terms of the output Signal to Interference plus Noise power Ratio (SINR). The two designs—the one before and the one after the tradeoff—will result in two different transmitter-receiver pairs that have the same performance level. In many applications such as in telecommunications, since the available bandwidth is at premium, such a tradeoff will result in releasing otherwise unavailable bandwidth at the expense of additional signal energy.

Abstract: A radio communication system is comprised of: a transmitting system in which N transmission signals, frequency-converted to the same transmission frequency, are generated by N transmitters, N being an integer equal to or greater than 2, and the transmission signals are each applied to each one of N elements of an antenna for transmission; and a receiving system in which each transmitted signal is received by N-element antenna and the cross correlation coefficient between the transmitted signals received by the N-elements is minimized to thereby reconstruct each transmitted signal. The plural transmitted signals of the same frequency are received and the cross correlation coefficients of the received transmitted signals are minimized to thereby permit multiplexing of the transmission signal.