Abstract: Provided are a gear train and a vehicle installing the gear train. The gear train is configured to transmit power from a rotating electrical machine to a driving wheel through a differential and a drive shaft. The gear train includes a plurality of shafts on a plurality of axes lying different from each other and a plurality of gears that is disposed respectively on the plurality of shafts. At least one of the plurality of gears is an internal gear.

Abstract: An axle assembly for use in a vehicle includes an axle housing extending along an axle axis. The vehicle includes a first wheel and a second wheel spaced from the first wheel, and a chassis extending along a chassis axis. The axle housing is configured to pivot with respect to the chassis about a pivot axis. The pivot axis is configured to be obliquely oriented with respect to the chassis axis such that the axle housing is configured to be a tilted axle housing. The axle assembly also includes an electric motor coupled to the axle housing and configured to be rotatably coupled to at least one of the first and second wheels. The electric motor is disposed in the axle cavity such that the electric motor is surrounded by the axle housing.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electric drive device comprising an electric motor (20) with a stator and a rotor arranged to rotate a drive shaft, wherein said electric motor (20) is arranged to be accommodated in a housing, further comprising opposite gear housings surrounding the electric motor, each containing a transmission configuration, wherein the electric drive device comprises a housing configuration in which the electric motor (20) as well said opposite gear housings (30a, 30b) are accommodated, wherein each gear housing (30a, 30b; 130a, 130b) is attached and hereby locked to said housing configuration. The invention also relates to a motor vehicle.

Abstract: A floating seal (23) is provided between a mounting bracket (12) fixed to a side frame (6) and a roller (15) rotatable with respect to this mounting bracket (12), and lubricant oil (L) collected in the roller (15) is sealed by this floating seal (23). On the other hand, an air permeable plug (31) provided with an air permeable member (34) made of a porous material of interconnected cells is provided on a lid member (17) of the roller (15), air and/or water vapor is made to flow between the inside and the outside of the roller (15) and flow of lubricant oil (L) and/or rainwater and dusts is prevented by the air permeable member (34) of the air permeable plug (31). As a result, the pressure of the inside and the pressure of the outside of the roller (15) can be made equal all the time.

Abstract: A structure of a trailing arm for a vehicle according to the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure may include a trailing arm disposed between a vehicle body and a wheel to absorb torsion generated at the wheel. A drive motor is disposed in an interior space of the trailing arm and serves as a power source of the vehicle. A decelerator is disposed to selectively change a rotation speed of the wheel by receiving a torque of the drive motor.

Abstract: A drive system of a battery powered riding lawn mower is provided. The drive system may include a battery system mountable to a frame, an axle, a drive motor and a differential. The axle may have a wheel on connected to each end of the axle. The drive motor may be mounted to the axle and may be electrically connected to the battery system so that the drive motor is powered by the battery system. The differential may be operatively mounted to the axle and coupled with the drive motor so that when the drive motor is powered, rotational forces are distributed to the axle, thereby rotating each wheel.

Abstract: In an electrically-operated vehicle including rear wheels on right and left sides of a rear portion of a vehicle body, the electrically-operated vehicle includes a motor that drives the rear wheels, a battery 51 that is arranged above the motor, and a lower battery that is placed between the right and left rear wheels. The lower battery and the motor are arranged in a distributed manner over an axle of the rear wheels between a vehicle front side of the axle of the rear wheels and a vehicle rear side of the axle of the rear wheels. An upper end portion of a rear cushion is supported on a vehicle body frame, and the battery and the motor are supported on a lower end of the rear cushion.

Abstract: A steering axle is provided for agricultural vehicles having at least two drive motors for at least two land wheels on either side of the steering axle disposed next to one another substantially in the center between the land wheels. A mechanical drive train between the drive motor and the wheel hub is provided on both sides.

Abstract: A method and associated apparatus for controlling fluid levels within an axle tube, the method comprising: (a) establishing a first predetermined level of a liquid lubricant within a transmission and an electric motor operatively coupled to the electric motor, the axle tube housing the electric motor and the transmission, where a cavity interposing a wall of the axle tube and the electric motor is occupied by the liquid lubricant reservoir at a second predetermined level; and, (b) lowering the first predetermined level of a liquid lubricant within the electric motor and the transmission by changing a gas pressure exerted upon the liquid lubricant, where changing the gas pressure exerted upon the liquid lubricant within the axle tube raises the second predetermined level of liquid lubricant within the cavity.

Abstract: A wheel mounting cylinder (18) is rotatably provided on an outer peripheral side of an axle housing (12) through wheel support bearings (20, 21). A wet brake (45) is provided between the axle housing (12) and the wheel mounting cylinder (18) for applying a braking force to rotation of the wheel mounting cylinder (18). A seal mechanism (55) is provided between the wet brake (45) and the wheel support bearing (20) for keeping a cooling liquid (50) of the wet brake (45) in a sealed state to lubricant oil (100) in the wheel mounting cylinder (18). A foreign-object trapping portion (58, 62) is provided between the wheel support bearing (20) and the seal mechanism (55) for trapping foreign objects flowing from the seal mechanism (55) toward the wheel support bearing (20).

Abstract: A rechargeable automobile electric power system and method for modifying a front-wheel drive automobile through installation of the system is disclosed. The system includes basic plug-in rechargeable electric drive power units, one that can run simultaneously with the gas motor to improve gas mileage. The second puts a one or two speed gear box between the electric motor and the wheel. This will allow the vehicle to run on rechargeable electric power in town and on the highway.

Abstract: A motorized hub for electric powering of an axle of a hybrid drive automotive vehicle, said motorized hub comprising a hub designed to receive a wheel, the hub being mounted rotationally relative to a hub carrier about a hub axis, the motorized hub comprising an electric drive motor, the electric motor comprising an external stator connected to the hub carrier and an internal rotor whose axis of rotation is remote from the hub axis, the motorized hub comprising reduction means acting between the rotor of the electric motor and the hub, the motorized hub comprising coupling/uncoupling means capable of adopting a coupling position in which rotation of the electric motor is coupled to the rotation of the hub and an uncoupling position in which rotation of the electric motor is uncoupled from the rotation of the hub, the motorized hub being characterized in that the coupling/decoupling means are arranged between the reduction means and the hub.

Abstract: An electric vehicle capable of protecting a coupling portion between a wheel and an axle from disturbance. An electric vehicle includes an axle that is a hollow cylindrical shaft passing substantially coaxially through a wheel in a manner extending from both sides of the wheel. A motor shaft is inserted into a hollow portion of the axle substantially coaxially with the axle in a manner extending from both ends of the axle. In this case, a motor is connected to a base end of the motor shaft extending from one end of the axle. Between the wheel and the motor, there are provided a coupling portion for coupling between the one end of the axle and the wheel, and a labyrinth structure for sealing between the wheel and the motor in a manner surrounding the coupling portion.

Abstract: A method and associated apparatus for controlling fluid levels within an axle tube, the method comprising: (a) establishing a first predetermined level of a liquid lubricant within a transmission and an electric motor operatively coupled to the electric motor, the axle tube housing the electric motor and the transmission, where a cavity interposing a wall of the axle tube and the electric motor is occupied by the liquid lubricant reservoir at a second predetermined level; and, (b) lowering the first predetermined level of a liquid lubricant within the electric motor and the transmission by changing a gas pressure exerted upon the liquid lubricant, where changing the gas pressure exerted upon the liquid lubricant within the axle tube raises the second predetermined level of liquid lubricant within the cavity.

Abstract: A wheel includes a main body, a tire, a movable fixing pin, an electromagnet, and an elastic member. The tire is sleeved on the main body and defines a fixing hole. The tire is operable to rotate around the main body. The fixing pin is operable to be inserted into the fixing hole to fix the tire to the main body. The electromagnet is operable to attract the fixing pin to separate the fixing pin from the tire when the electromagnet is powered on. The elastic member is disposed between the electromagnet and the fixing ping, and pushes the fixing pin into the fixing hole when the electromagnet is powered off.

Abstract: The rear suspension of a vehicle may include trailing arms connected by a torsion beam at both sides thereof, an in-wheel motor case attached to an outer lateral side of the trailing arm, a brake caliper fixed to the in-wheel motor case, a shock absorber having a lower end fixed to the in-wheel motor case, and a hub bearing fixed to an outer lateral side of the in-wheel motor case.

Abstract: A steerable vehicle knuckle has an inboard portion defining upper and lower arms, with a kingpin between them, and has an outboard portion defining a spindle that cooperates with a fluid driven motor. The arms define a cavity where an axle end portion is pivotally received. Fluid supply ports, which supply fluid to energize the motor, are located on an upper surface of the knuckle's inboard portion. Fluid drain lines extend within the knuckle from the motor to the cavity and are utilized to drain fluid from the motor. The supply ports and drain lines are each connected to separate hoses formed in a small arc that follows closely the circular curvature of the kingpin. This arrangement of port, lines, and hoses is less expensive to produce, easier to package, more robust, allows for faster steering reaction, and is easier to assemble than conventional arrangements.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a lightweight, portable, electric vehicle having a novel steering mechanism, a low profile suspension and drive mechanism, and which also provides a superior ride quality, handling, and drivability. The vehicle generally comprises a frame and at least one suspension and motor assembly. Each suspension and motor assembly includes at least one leaf spring mounted to the frame, a motor connected to the leaf spring, the motor having a drive shaft, and a wheel rotatably connected to the drive shaft. The vehicle also includes means for powering the motor and means for controlling to enable a user to drive the vehicle.

Abstract: This invention relates to a power transmission structure of scooter, in which one rear wheel of the scooter is provided with a power source and the other rear wheel is a free wheel. By the usage of power equipment for driving a single rear wheel, the volume taken by the power equipment is reduced and more space is thus available for accommodation of more power equipments such that both the running distance and running time can be lengthened. As there is no such elongated structure of transmission therein, the power transmission structure has advantages of having sufficient power and power-saving effect so as to achieve cost-saving.

Abstract: A towing tractor includes a tractor body, a motor, a controller, a cable electrically connecting the motor and the controller, an axle housing integrally mounted with the motor, and a suspension through which the axle housing is supported by the tractor body. The controller is fixed to the tractor body. The length of the cable is greater than the shortest distance between the motor and the controller. The suspension allows vertical movement of the axle housing and the motor relative to the tractor body. The controller, the axle housing and the motor are arranged in this order in longitudinal direction of the tractor body. The controller is located above the axle housing and the motor. The cable led out from the motor extends below the axle housing and then upward toward the controller. The part of the cable between the axle housing and the controller forms an extra length portion.

Abstract: A vehicle is provided. The vehicle comprises an axle having a longitudinal dimension along a first axis, the axle coupled to at least one wheel, and a motor coupled to the axle and adapted to turn the axle, the motor adapted to rotate around a second axis, wherein the motor is oriented such that the first axis is substantially perpendicular to the second axis.

Abstract: A method of controlling the speed of a right front wheel and a left front wheel on a work machine includes receiving a speed command based at least partially on an operator input and monitoring at least one wheel steering angle of at least one front wheel. A first front wheel speed command may be determined based at least partially on the at least one wheel steering angle. In addition, a second front wheel speed command may be determined based at least partially on the at least one wheel steering angle. The first front wheel speed command and the second front wheel speed command may be output to independently control the speed of the right and the left front wheels.

Abstract: A rechargeable automobile electric power system and method for modifying a front-wheel drive automobile through installation of the system is disclosed. The system includes basic plug-in rechargeable electric drive power units, one that can run simultaneously with the gas motor to improve gas mileage. The second puts a one or two speed gear box between the electric motor and the wheel. This will allow the vehicle to run on rechargeable electric power in town and on the highway.

Abstract: A mechanism of a four-wheel drive vehicle for enabling an engine and a transmission to be arranged compactly by using an empty space within a body frame of the vehicle. The transmission includes a power take-off part for driving the front wheels of the vehicle, and a rear reduction gear mechanism for driving the rear wheels of the vehicle. The transmission and the engine are mounted on a swing arm which is supported on the body frame of the vehicle so as to be able to swing in an up and down direction.

Abstract: A rechargeable automobile electric power system and method modifying a front-wheel drive automobile through installation of the system is disclosed. The system is designed as a unit meant to replace the rear axle of a front-wheel drive vehicle.

Abstract: A folding bicycle includes an X-shaped frame consisting of a lower front, a lower rear, an upper front, and an upper rear supporting arm; a front and a rear wheel respectively mounted to distal ends of the lower front and lower rear supporting arms; a saddle pivotally connected to a distal end of the upper rear supporting arm; a handlebar rotatably connected to a distal end of the upper front supporting arm; a locking mechanism mounted between the lower front and lower rear supporting arms for holding the frame in an extended position; and a steering mechanism arranged between the handlebar and the front wheel for steering the bicycle.

Abstract: A drive train module with an electric motor, a clutch differential, a pair of wheel hubs and a pair of shafts, which rotatably couple the wheel hubs to the clutch differential. The clutch differential can have an input member, which can be coupled to an output shaft of the motor, and first and second overrunning clutches. The overrunning clutches permit the electric motor to drive the wheel hubs when the drive train module is activated to provide supplemental drive power, and to prevent the electric motor from being back-driven by the wheel hubs when supplemental drive power is not desired.

Abstract: Disclosed is a mechanism of a four-wheel drive vehicle, for enabling an engine and a transmission to be arranged compact by using an empty space within a body frame of the vehicle. The transmission includes a power take-off part for driving front wheels of the vehicle, and a rear reduction gear mechanism for driving rear wheels of the vehicle. The transmission and the engine are mounted on a swing arm which is supported on the body frame of the vehicle so as to be able to swing in an up and down direction.

Abstract: A method of controlling the speed of a right front wheel and a left front wheel on a work machine includes receiving a speed command based at least partially on an operator input and monitoring at least one wheel steering angle of at least one front wheel. A first front wheel speed command may be determined based at least partially on the at least one wheel steering angle. In addition, a second front wheel speed command may be determined based at least partially on the at least one wheel steering angle. The first front wheel speed command and the second front wheel speed command may be output to independently control the speed of the right and the left front wheels.

Abstract: A four-wheel-drive vehicle includes: a body frame; a swing unit including a power unit, and a rear axle connected to the power unit so as to be driven by the power unit, the swing unit being supported on the body frame for vertical swing motion; a front reduction gear for transmitting power to front wheels; and a front propeller shaft connecting the power unit to the front reduction gear for power transmission.

Abstract: A drive unit for a motor vehicle exhibits an internal combustion engine and a transmission. The drivable wheels of the motor vehicle can be driven by means of the rotary motion of the output shaft of the transmission. The drivable wheels of the motor vehicle can be driven alternatively or additionally by an electric motor, which can be mounted in such a manner that its rotor forms a part of the output shaft of the transmission. The electric motor is dimensioned in such a manner in its outer dimensions that it can replace a part of the output shaft of the transmission.

Abstract: A steering mechanism that controls a drive and steer transmission and that causes the transmission to execute turns in the direction a steering wheel is turned when operating in either the forward or reverse direction of travel. In response to operator engagement of a drive control, an actuation linkage shifts an elongate member within a slot formed in a cam member that pivots in response to turning of a steering wheel. Shifting of the rod member between to positions on either side of the cam member pivot axis causes the drive and steer transmission to steer the vehicle in the desired direction when the vehicle is traveling in both forward and reverse.

Abstract: An electric power steering control for a motor vehicle reduces motor torque ripple and road generated disturbances communicated to the vehicle handwheel while promoting system stability. In deriving an output command torque signal to the EPS motor, the control (1) derives an electric motor speed signal, (2) differentiates the electric motor speed signal, (3) stores a schedule of gain as an increasing function of electric motor torque, (4) modifies the differentiated estimated electric motor speed signal in response to the gain to provide a damping correction value and (5) derives the output command signal responsive to the damping correction.

Abstract: A tired roller is provided with a prime mover and a speed change unit of the HST type. The speed change unit includes an HST hydraulic pump of the variable displacement type driven by the prime mover and an HST hydraulic motor driven by pressure oil from the hydraulic pump, and can change a rotational speed of the hydraulic motor by varying a delivery rate of pressure oil from the hydraulic pump. Rotation of the hydraulic motor is therefore transmitted at a lower speed to a drive-axle tire train. A propeller shaft is connected to the hydraulic motor without interposition of any speed reduction mechanism, so that the propeller shaft is rotated at a high speed with a low torque. This has made it possible to form the propeller shaft smaller in diameter and hence to arrange it in a narrow space between tires in the drive-axle tire train.

Abstract: A remote control movable ball amusement device includes a plurality of shell parts so as to result in a non-spherical ball. Preferably each shell part is driven independently of the other. An antenna is provided which extends externally of the shell parts to increase the range of operability of the device.

Abstract: Mower drive system interlocks and methods of interlocking mower drive systems with non-contact sensors are disclosed. The mowers may include two driven ground engaging means for supporting the mower above the ground; two drive systems for driving the driven ground engaging means, one of the drive systems driving each of the driven ground engaging means independently of the other drive system and its driven ground engaging means, wherein each of the drive systems has a neutral condition in which its driven ground engaging means is not being driven by the drive system; a drive system interlock operatively connected to an engine of the mower; and two non-contact sensors operatively connected to the drive system interlock, the sensors providing a signal to the drive system interlock when both of the drive systems are in the neutral condition.

Abstract: A supplemental steering control is provided for use in a machine that is normally steered by a differential steer mechanism. A second source of pressurized fluid and an independently controlled brake actuator mechanism function to control steering in the event a first source of pressurized fluid fails. By interconnecting the fluid ports of a fluid actuated steer motor when the first source of pressurized fluid fails, the fluid actuated motor is permitted to freely rotate. A single steering control valve is used to control steering during normal use and also during supplemental steering. The independently controlled brake actuator mechanism is connected to the steering control valve and acts to selectively direct pressurized fluid from the second source of pressurized fluid to respective ones of first and second fluid actuated brake mechanisms.

Abstract: A differential steer and final drive configuration for machines such as small tractors for agricultural and construction purposes and the like, which differential steer and final drive configuration allows passage of a power take-off (PTO) shaft beneath the differential steer mechanism and between the drive axles of the final drive mechanisms such that a PTO output member connected to the PTO shaft can be located on or in the vicinity of the machine front to rear centerline and the drive wheel axis.

Abstract: There are provided with an electric motor driven by a battery, a hydraulic pump driven by the electric motor, a proximal actuator for actuating a working member by working oil from the hydraulic pump, a hydraulic motor for moving a working machine body, and an operating lever which can be operated between a neutral position and an operating position. There are provided with a control valve capable of cutting off a supply of working oil to the proximal actuator in a state where operating lever is positioned at an operating position, and a battery capacity sensor for detecting the capacity of the battery. There is provided a controller for outputting a control signal for cutting off a supply of working oil to the proximal actuator to the switching control valve in a state where the battery capacity value detected by the battery capacity sensor is at a level lower than a preset battery capacity reference value. It is possible to positively prevent the machine from being immoved at the working site.

Abstract: An axle driving apparatus wherein a hydraulic motor and a hydraulic pump for a hydro-static-transmission are housed in a transmission casing of the axle driving apparatus and a center section for connecting the hydraulic motor and hydraulic pump is disposed in the transmission casing, the center section being fixed at the butt joint portion at the transmission casing, and an oil passage from the hydraulic pump to the hydraulic motor at the center section is bent at a right angle so as to extend the motor shaft in parallel to the axles, so that the rotation direction of the motor shaft conventionally changed by bevel gears is changed by the oil passages in the center section.

Abstract: An automotive vehicle suspension unit assembly located near the sides of a vehicle includes a driving axle shaft, a gear box, an electric motor, and a suspension beam. The driving axle shaft, which drives a wheel hub of the vehicle, defines an axis of rotation about which the wheel hub rotates. The gear box includes a pinion shaft connected to a pinion gear which meshes with a ring gear. The pinion shaft is driven by a motor drive shaft which extends outwardly from the electric motor. The motor generates the torque necessary to drive the driving axle shaft. As known, suspension beams extend transversely to the axis of rotation of the driving axle shaft. The electric motor is pivotally attached to the gear box by means of a flexible coupling and is pivotally attached to the suspension beam by means of a movable connection.

Abstract: A work brake apparatus for a wheel type excavator having a travelling device, a suspension device, and a service brake device. The work brake apparatus comprises: a first means, which is connected to the forward/backward lever of the travelling device, for unlocking the suspension device as the suspension locking solenoid valve switches over in response to a predetermined signal when the forward/backward lever switches over to its forward or backward position, and a second means, which is connected to the forward/backward lever of the travelling device, for keeping the service brake applied as the service brake valve switches over in response to a predetermined pilot pressure when the forward/backward lever switches over to its neutral position.

Abstract: A personal traction transportation vehicle which includes two pulley-motor-wheels which drive a connected chassis forward. The chassis is stabilized by a connection to a drag pole which is controlled by the operator. The vehicle is electrically driven by a removable battery pack. At least one drag pole of the two simulated ski poles is attached to the chassis through joints in a manner allowing the handles of the ski poles to be free to move in the plane normal to the direction of forward movement. The other drag pole can be connected through a universal joint. The vehicle is steered by differentially pulling on the drag poles. The user is not restricted in the typical operating range of vertical movement the stabilizing pole, since the chassis is able to rotate within broad constraints about the axis of the drive wheels.

Abstract: A convertible garden tiller includes a chassis, a pair of wheels supporting the chassis, an engine mounted on the chassis capable of driving the wheels in a given direction and a plurality of earth working tines. Each tine is generally unidirectional, having a preferred direction of movement through the earth and is disposed on an elongated tine shaft which rotates about a longitudinal axis in response to operation of the engine. The tine shaft is also pivotable 180 degrees about a transverse axis, to selectively rotate the tines in the given direction as well as the second direction. This construction therefore provides that each tine moves through the earth only in its preferred direction of movement. The tiller also includes guide handles which are selectively pivotable from a position above the tines to a position above the wheels for alternately converting from a rear tine mode to a front tine mode.

Abstract: A multi-terrain amphibious vehicle adapted for travel across surfaces of various type and attributes is provided. The vehicle includes a chassis assembly (10) which extends in a longitudinal direction; a plurality of propulsion members rotatably coupled to that chassis assembly for propelling the vehicle across a given surface; and, a control mechanism for controlling the rotational velocities and phases of the propulsion members. The propulsion members each rotate about an axis that extends in a direction substantially normal to the longitudinal direction. Each propulsion member includes, for engaging the given surface, at least a first perimeter segment and a second perimeter segment coaxially disposed in angularly offset manner about its rotation axis. The first perimeter segment has an arcuate contour and extends radially farther from the rotation axis than does the second perimeter segment.

Abstract: A differential steer is provided for use in a machine and includes a variable displacement motor operatively connected to a differential disposed between first and second output members. The variable displacement motor is an over-center type and the displacement thereof is varied from zero to maximum in both directions of movement. Pressurized fluid to drive the steer motor is received from the main system pump. A microprocessor senses the direction and rate of rotation of the steer motor output, the speed of the outputs from the differential, the magnitude of a steer input, and controls the output speed of the steer motor to the differential in response to the magnitude of the steer input. Consequently, the quantity of fluid taken from the main system pump is limited to only that necessary to rotate the steer motor at a rate necessary to satisfy the desired steer input.

Abstract: Hydraulic device for directional control of a vehicle using a single lever, including: a hydraulic manipulator (1) with four outlets, forward-reverse and right-left; a selection device (4) with four selectors (5) in a bridge, which is connected to the manipulator and of which the outputs are connected to four directional drive controls, reverse-left, forward-left and reverse-right and forward-right for the running components of the vehicle; two slide valves (7) with two positions, respectively one with direct connections and one with crossed connections, which are inserted into the feed lines of the directional drive controls; first controls acting on a first end (8) of the slide valves being connected to the FORWARD or REVERSE outputs of the manipulator; and second controls acting on a second end (9) of the slide valves being connected to the RIGHT and LEFT outputs of the manipulator; by virtue of which the control of the vehicle remains fully ergonomic, including for a rotation of the vehicle on itself.

Abstract: A power-assisted cart includes a wheeled platform for supporting a load thereon; driving wheels mounted on the wheeled platform for, when driven, moving the wheeled platform; a drive unit for driving the driving wheels; an operating unit which may be in the form of a handle mounted on the wheeled platform for receiving an external force applied thereto when the cart is desired to be moved; a force detector for detecting a magnitude and direction of the external force applied to the operating unit; and a control for generating to the drive unit an output substantially proportional to the external force detected by the force detector.

Abstract: A convertible garden tiller includes a chassis, a pair of wheels supporting the chassis, an engine mounted on the chassis capable of driving the wheels in a given direction and a plurality of earth working tines. Each tine is generally unidirectional, having a preferred direction of movement through the earth and is disposed on an elongated tine shaft which rotates about a longitudinal axis in response to operation of the engine. The tine shaft is also pivotable 180 degrees about a transverse axis, to selectively rotate the tines in the given direction as well as the second direction. This construction therefore provides that each tine moves through the earth only in its preferred direction of movement. The tiller also includes guide handles which are selectively pivotable from a position above the tines to a position above the wheels for alternately converting from a rear tine mode to a front tine mode.

Abstract: A process is described which will autonomously map an area, autonomously rch for concentrations of depleted uranium, automatically record the intensity of radiation, and record the exact map location in real time.