Abstract: A muffler includes a housing defining a first chamber, a second chamber and a third chamber. The muffler includes at least a pair of nested protrusions in communication with an inlet. The pair of nested protrusions is coupled to a respective surface of a pair of plates disposed in the housing such that one of the pair of nested protrusions is spaced apart from and opposite another of the pair of nested protrusions to define a tortuous path that terminates at an outlet defined along an outer circumference. The first chamber is downstream from the pair of plates. The muffler includes a first tube fluidly coupled to the first chamber to direct the exhaust gases from the first chamber to the second chamber. The muffler includes a second tube fluidly coupled to the second chamber to direct the exhaust gases from the second chamber to the third chamber.

Abstract: A muffler for a vehicle includes a first expansion chamber in which an exhaust gas flowing in from an inlet pipe is expanded, and a bracket that is placed on an inner surface of the first expansion chamber to oppose a blow-off port of the inlet pipe and that has a mountain shape protruding toward a side of the inlet pipe. The bracket includes a top surface which opposes the blow-off port of the inlet pipe, and inclined surfaces which incline from the top surface toward corners of the first expansion chamber.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for a firearm suppressor. The apparatus includes an outer tube defining a longitudinal axis, and an inner cylinder defining an inner chamber. The inner cylinder is disposed at least partially within the outer tube and defines an outer chamber with the outer tube, where the outer chamber is disposed between an inner surface of the outer tube and an outer surface of the inner cylinder, and where the inner cylinder comprises at least one opening to fluidly couple the inner chamber with the outer chamber. The apparatus also includes at least one flow structure disposed in the outer chamber and positioned to direct firearm combustion gasses in a fluid pathway that is off-axis with respect to the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: An underwater muzzle suppressor system for directing away from a user the blast pressure of a firearm has an interior cylinder with a rearward end and a forward end with primary axial slots formed in the interior cylinder adjacent to the rearward end. An exterior cylinder has a rearward end and a forward end with secondary axial slots formed in the exterior cylinder adjacent to the forward end. A cylindrical chamber is created between the interior cylinder and the exterior cylinder. A rearward disk is received over the rearward end of the interior cylinder. The rearward disk is coupled to the rearward end of the exterior cylinder. A forward disk receives the forward end of the interior cylinder. The forward disk is coupled to the forward end of the exterior cylinder. A plurality of axial holes are in the forward disk.

Abstract: An air exhausting device includes a muffler internally divided into a plurality of chambers by a separator, an inlet pipe that couples an exhaust pipe of an engine to the muffler, and an outlet pipe that is a path to discharge an exhaust gas inside the muffler to outside air. The muffler is configured of an expansion chamber to which a downstream end of the inlet pipe opens, and a resonator chamber communicated with only the expansion chamber via a plurality of resonator pipes. Any of or both of lengths and thicknesses of the plurality of resonator pipes are different.

Abstract: A muffler for receiving exhaust gas from a combustion engine may include a shell, an inlet pipe, at least one outlet pipe, one or more baffles, and an internal communication pipe. The inlet pipe may extend through the shell. The outlet pipe may be in fluid communication with the inlet pipe and may be at least partially disposed within the shell. The baffles are disposed within the shell and cooperate with the shell to define a plurality of chambers. The internal communication pipe may be disposed entirely within the shell and may be in fluid communication with the inlet pipe. The internal communication pipe may include an inlet opening and first and outlet openings. The first outlet opening is open to and in direct fluid communication with one of the chambers. The second outlet opening is open to and in direct fluid communication with another one of the chambers.

Abstract: A noise abatement system including at least one fluid circulation chamber to receive at least one flow of fluid; at least one vorticity-inducing component adjacent to the at least one fluid circulation chamber, the at least one vorticity-inducing component to redirect the at least one flow of fluid tangentially to an inside perimeter wall of the at least one fluid circulation chamber to create fluctuations in a flow and pressure of the fluid causing increased and variable vorticity within the at least one fluid circulation chamber; and at least one vorticity-interaction region in communication with the at least one vorticity-inducing component to attenuate acoustics caused by the at least one flow of fluid.

Abstract: A muffler, connected to an engine through an exhaust pipe, includes a shell serving as a muffler body, an inlet pipe configured to introduce exhaust gas from the engine into the shell, an outlet pipe configured to discharge the exhaust gas out of the shell, and a cap configured to be attached to a narrowed portion of the inlet pipe and control the direction in which the exhaust gas flows out. The cap is provided with an opening through which the exhaust gas passes and which regulates the direction in which the exhaust gas flows out.

Abstract: The invention is related to a pulsation muffler (100) for a gaseous medium flow (107), which is supplied by a compressor. The pulsation muffler (100) comprises a housing (101) extending along a central axis with a medium flow inlet (106) and a medium flow outlet; several tubular absorber elements (108) concentrically arranged in the housing (10) and fluidically arranged one behind the other. Each tubular absorber element (108) is provided with an inlet area and an outlet area, positioned at an axial distance from each other. Between the respective radially adjacent wall sections of different absorber elements (108), a flow compartment (112, 114) is maintained for the medium flow (107).

Abstract: An improved firearm suppressor is provided. The firearm suppressor generally includes a primary flow path and a secondary flow path. The primary flow path is centrally disposed within the suppressor and includes multiple internal chambers that are separated by conical baffles. The secondary flow path is helically disposed within the firearm suppressor. A diverter directs a portion of the propellant gas rearward, over a firearm barrel, before entering spiral lanes in the forward direction. The primary flow path slows the movement of propellant gas escaping through a projectile exit port, while the secondary flow path slows the movement of propellant gas escaping through a plurality of propellant gas exit ports.

Abstract: A muffler devised particularly for a small, reciprocating-piston two-stroke internal combustion engine of the type used on unmanned aerial vehicles. The muffler comprises a body incorporating an inlet, an outlet, and a plurality of chambers for exhaust gas flow from the inlet to the outlet. The body is configured to present a compact profile for installation on the engine. The chambers are so configured that adjacent chambers communicate to facilitate exhaust gas flow from the inlet to the outlet via flow passages. The various chambers comprise an inner chamber, an outer chamber, and one or more intervening chambers disposed between the inner and outer chambers. The various chambers are disposed one about another in annular formation. This arrangement creates a long flow path from the inlet to the outlet incorporating various directional changes.

Abstract: A heat storage mechanism, of a heat exchanger, which does not shorten the service life of the heat exchanger even when a facility using the heat exchanger is intermittently operated and which suppresses a decrease in efficiency at the time of restart of the facility, is provided. The heat storage mechanism for storing heat of a heat exchanger during stop of operation of a facility provided with the heat exchanger includes an outflow prevention unit configured to prevent outflow of an exhaust gas to the outside, which is a heating medium of the heat exchanger, during stop of operation of the facility is provided in an exhaust passage through which the exhaust gas is discharged to the outside.

Abstract: A conduit (5) with a bullet passage (13, 17) extends forward from a gun muzzle (7). Inner and outer concentric chambers (25, 29) surround the conduit and a forward portion of the barrel (3). A gas path (P2, P3, P4) is provided through sides of the conduit into the inner chamber, thence to the outer chamber, and then exits to the atmosphere at the front of the outer chamber. Each chamber has longitudinal lines of sight between front and back sound reflectors (R1-R2, R3-R4), and no longitudinal line of sight from the back reflector (R2, R4) to the atmosphere. The gas path through the suppressor is at least 6 times less flow-restrictive than the gas path through the bullet exit (17) or back into the barrel bore (4), minimizing backpressure. The gas path (P3) between the inner and outer chambers is through apertures (33) limited to a lengthwise middle portion of an inner shell (21) that divides the chambers (25, 29).

Abstract: A turbocharger and a method are disclosed. The turbocharger includes a casing having an inlet end and an outlet end. A flow passage within the casing may have a substantially continuous inner surface and may be configured to pass inlet air from the inlet end to the outlet end. A compressor wheel may be located in the casing and may have at least one main blade and may be configured to rotate within the casing to compress the inlet air. A flow disrupting feature on the casing may be configured to disrupt the continuity of the inner surface and may be located at a leading edge of the at least one main blade. The flow disrupting feature may be closed to upstream communication with the flow passage except via the flow passage.

Abstract: Dosing and mixing exhaust gas includes directing exhaust gas towards a periphery of a mixing tube that is configured to direct the exhaust gas to flow around and through the mixing tube to effectively mix and dose exhaust gas within a relatively small area. Some mixing tubes include a slotted region and a non-slotted region. Some mixing tubes include a louvered region and a non-louvered region. Some mixing tubes are offset within a mixing region of a housing.

Abstract: In a seam welding method, a pressing force applied to workpiece by roller electrodes is reduced and an energization to the roller electrodes is stopped when the roller electrodes pass at least a portion where metal sheets are temporarily fastened together through spot welding, and the pressing force to the workpiece by the roller electrodes and the energization to the roller electrodes are restored after the roller electrodes have passed the spot welded portion.

Abstract: An apparatus and system are provided for a firearm suppressor. The system, in one embodiment, includes an elongated core comprising at least one series of ports extending radially from a bore to an exterior surface of the core, where the at least one series of ports is disposed linearly along a longitudinal axis of the core, and where the elongated core comprises at least one trough formed in the exterior surface of the core. The system also includes a baffle sleeve disposed around the core, the baffle sleeve having at least one uninterrupted fluid pathway extending along the exterior surface of the baffle sleeve and formed by interdigitated baffle ridges, and an outer tube disposed around the baffle sleeve.

Abstract: An exhaust gas muffler of an internal combustion engine, including a muffler housing having an exhaust gas inlet and an exhaust gas outlet and including a first Helmholtz resonator made of a first housing portion that delimits a first Helmholtz volume and includes a first coupling pipe. At least one second Helmholtz resonator is provided made of a second housing portion that delimits a second Helmholtz volume and includes a second coupling pipe via which the second Helmholtz volume can be coupled to an exhaust gas flow A of the exhaust gas inlet. The second coupling pipe is arranged at least partly within the first coupling pipe, and both coupling pipes delimit an annular gap R via which the first Helmholtz volume can be coupled to the exhaust gas flow A.

Abstract: A vortex flow apparatus including a cylindrical housing that contains a fluid that flows in a swirling circular path. The apparatus may be utilized as a muffler for a combustion engine, a particle separator, or an energy conversion device that physically or chemically acts upon the fluid flow and particles contained within the apparatus. The housing defines an inlet opening that opens into the first end of the housing proximate a first end wall. An outlet tube defines an outlet opening through a first end wall. A projection is attached to a second end wall of the housing and extends into the housing. The outlet tube and projection are aligned with and centered relative to a central axis.

Abstract: The exhaust pipe comprises an inlet pipe, an outlet pipe and a bend portion arranged between the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe. The bend portion comprises an inlet bend and an outlet bend, wherein a central bend portion defines an intermediate section of inlet bend and outlet bend and wherein the inlet bend and the outlet bend each cover 50 percent of the total bend angle covered by the bend portion. The central bend portion comprises a diameter, which is smaller than a diameter of the inlet bend and of the outlet bend in a bending plane. In addition a bend radius R of the bend portion varies along the bend portion such that a bend radius of the inlet bend is larger than a bend radius of the outlet bend.

Abstract: A first connection pipe, which penetrates a partition wall, and extends to a second expansion chamber side from inside a first expansion chamber, and a second connection pipe, which extends to an exhaust outlet side from the partition wall inside the second expansion chamber are provided; first outer periphery connection holes, which allow exhaust gas from an exhaust pipe to flow out to the second expansion chamber, are formed in the outer peripheral surface of the first connection pipe; second outer periphery connection holes which allow the exhaust gas having flowed out to the second expansion chamber through the first outer periphery connection holes to flow into the second connection pipe, are formed in the outer peripheral surface of the second connection pipe; the first connection pipe and the second connection pipe are arranged such that they are partially parallel to each other; and the first outer periphery connection holes are arranged closer to the exhaust outlet side than the second outer peripher

Abstract: An exhaust pipe that forms an exhaust flow channel includes a first flow channel member that forms part of the exhaust flow channel, and a second flow channel member connected in series with the first flow channel member, and forms part of the exhaust flow channel. A downstream-side end of the first flow channel member is inserted into an upstream-side end of the second flow channel member. A communication channel that communicates between an inside and an outside of the exhaust pipe is formed between an outer surface of an insertion part of the first flow channel member and an inner surface of an insertion-receiving part of the second flow channel member. The insertion-receiving part is arranged to face higher than a horizontal direction.

Abstract: A firearm suppressor can comprise a central longitudinal chamber adapted to facilitate passage of a projectile fired from a firearm through the central longitudinal chamber. The firearm suppressor can also comprise an outer chamber disposed radially outward of the central longitudinal chamber, the outer chamber being in fluid communication with the central longitudinal chamber via an opening. The firearm suppressor can further comprise a baffle disposed in the outer chamber and defining a forward portion of the outer chamber and a rearward portion of the outer chamber. The forward portion of the outer chamber can contain the opening such that discharge gases associated with the projectile enter the forward portion of the chamber and are directed backward past the baffle to the rearward portion of the outer chamber where the discharge gases are at least temporarily trapped behind the projectile to reduce or prevent alteration of a trajectory or a speed of the projectile by the discharge gases.

Abstract: A firearm flash hider can include a base module and at least one vented flash control module. The base module can have a longitudinal boreline which is fluidly coupleable to a muzzle end of a firearm to allow a projectile to pass therethrough. The base module can also have an inlet port which is operable to receive at least a portion of a flash generated by firing the projectile. The vented flash control module can be arranged along the longitudinal boreline distal to the muzzle end. The vented flash control module can also have a flash chamber bounded by at least one wall that at least partially defines a geometry of the flash chamber and extends both radially and longitudinally from the boreline and translates circumferentially as it extends longitudinally. The flash chamber terminates at a circumferential angle of rotation from the inlet port where the circumferential angle of rotation being less than 180 degrees.

Abstract: A dual chamber discharge muffler for a compressor. The dual chambers of the discharge muffler are separated by a check valve that closes upon shutdown of the compressor, which in turn limits the amount of exhaust gases in the discharge muffler that are able to return to the compressor. The dual chambers are formed by dividing a muffler housing with a dividing plate. The dividing plate may also be adapted to receive a fastener that through mounts the muffler to the compressor.

Abstract: Embodiments in accordance with the present disclosure may provide a muffler comprising an enclosure. The enclosure, in one example, may include a relatively thin volume fittable under a preselected feature of a vehicle, and at least one relatively thick volume fittable alongside the preselected feature. The enclosure may also include an exhaust gas entry port and a tailpipe exit port. In one example, partitions may be within the thin volume forming an expansion chamber at the entry port and a tailpipe extension at the exit port.

Abstract: An exhaust silencing device connected to an exhaust system of an engine is provided in which two outlet pipes that have at an upstream end thereof an opening portion opening within the silencer main body and that discharge exhaust gas within the silencer main body to an outside thereof are disposed within the silencer main body along a bottom thereof so that the distances thereof from the lowest part of the bottom are substantially equal, and the opening portion of one outlet pipe is directed further toward the bottom of the silencer main body than is the opening portion of the other outlet pipe. Such exhaust silencing device efficiently discharges to the outside the condensed water building up within the silencer main body so as not to impair an effect in reducing exhaust resistance by providing two outlet pipes that guide the exhaust gas to the outside.

Abstract: A muffler for a vehicle, may include a housing which defines a space therein, first and second baffles which partition the space inside the housing into first, second and third chambers, an inlet pipe which extends through the first baffle and the second baffle to be connected to the third chamber through the first chamber and the second chamber, an intermediate pipe which connects between the first and third chambers through the first baffle and the second baffle and has a plurality of holes in a portion thereof which may be placed in the second chamber, and an outlet pipe which sequentially extends through the first baffle and the second baffle from an first open end inside the first chamber, sequentially extends through the second baffle and the first baffle, sequentially extends through the first baffle and the second baffle, and then extends to the outside of the housing.

Abstract: A spark arrestor mounted on a muffler connected to an exhaust pipe of an engine includes a cylindrical portion including an opening that extends therethrough from the outside to the inside thereof, two cap members that respectively close first and second ends of the cylindrical portion, a mesh portion that covers the opening, and a tail pipe extending from the inside to the outside of the cylindrical portion through the cap member, wherein the exhaust flows outside the cylindrical portion in a first direction, and a channel where the exhaust flows in a second direction opposite to the first direction is provided inside the cylindrical portion.

Abstract: A muffler for an internal combustion engine includes an outer shell, an inlet pipe, an outlet pipe, and at least one constricted part. The at least one constricted part is provided in at least one of the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe on an open side thereof opening toward an inside of the outer shell. The at least one constricted part has a cross-sectional area smaller than a cross-sectional area of the at least one of the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe, which is provided with the at least one constricted part.

Abstract: A horizontally installed muffler may include a housing, first and second tail pipes installed to front and rear ends of the housing through the housing, an introduction chamber formed inside the housing and to which an outlet of the exhaust pipe is connected, a first intermediate pipe fluid-connected to the introduction chamber and having a first discharge hole, a discharge chamber fluid-connected to the introduction chamber through the first discharge hole of the first intermediate pipe, wherein each end of the first and second tail pipes and the first discharge hole are disposed inside the discharge chamber, first and second resonance chambers formed inside the housing, a second intermediate pipe fluid-connected to the first and second resonance chambers through the discharge chamber and the introduction chamber and having an introduction hole disposed inside the introduction chamber and a second discharge hole disposed inside the discharge chamber.

Abstract: An exhaust device of an internal combustion engine for reducing exhaust sound and for suppressing the occurrence of a torque valley. A sound-deadening and pressure-dissipating device connected to the downstream end of an exhaust pipe includes a spherical member having an opening portion opening toward a downstream edge of the exhaust pipe. Exhaust gas from the exhaust pipe is reflected by an inner spherical surface of the spherical member to reduce exhaust pressure in the spherical member and then is discharged from the opening portion.

Abstract: A silencer, particularly rear silencer, for an exhaust system of a combustion engine, particularly of a motor vehicle, has a housing in which an outlet chamber is located. An outlet pipe arrangement leads out of the housing which on the inlet side is fluidically connected to the outlet chamber. A particularly compact design can be realized if the outlet pipe arrangement is configured as pipe-in-pipe arrangement including at least one deflection pipe closed on one side and arranged in the housing and an outlet pipe led out of the housing.

Abstract: A belt-type continuously variable transmission that prevents escape of noise generated by a resin block belt to the outside. The resin block belt is wound around a primary sheave and a secondary sheave. A transmission case defines a belt chamber accommodating the primary sheave, secondary sheave, and resin block belt. The transmission case includes an exhaust passage, intake passages, and a sound absorbing member. The sound absorbing member is attached to an inner wall of the exhaust passage in a position to collide with sound waves traveling through the exhaust passage. The sound absorbing member has a sound absorbing surface crossing an extending direction of the exhaust passage.

Abstract: A muffler adapted for connection with an exhaust pipe of an internal combustion engine which has an outer housing constructed of a plastic material. The housing has an inlet and at least one inwardly protruding rib extends around the interior of the housing inlet. The rib is constructed of a plastic material and forms an opening complementary in shape, but smaller in cross-sectional area, than the outer periphery of the exhaust pipe. The exhaust pipe is inserted into the inlet and the exhaust pipe and housing are vibrated relative to each other for a time period sufficient to at least partially melt the rib and cause the rib to seal around the exhaust pipe upon cooling.

Abstract: The exhaust chamber for a motor vehicle exhaust line includes: a main envelope defining a main enclosure and having an exhaust gas inlet and an exhaust gas outlet; and at least one saucer-shaped shell having an opening defined by a peripheral edge of the shell, the or each shell being tightly connected to an outside surface of the main envelope along the peripheral edge, the shell, with the main envelope, defining a secondary enclosure. The main envelope has, beneath the shell, a plurality of perforations for placing the main enclosure in communication with the secondary enclosure. The main envelope has, in a first area located beneath the shell, at least one slot for increasing the elasticity of the first area, and/or the main envelope has, in a second area that is not covered by the shell, at least one rib for increasing the stiffness of the second area.

Abstract: A noise attenuation device for testing a jet engine.

Abstract: A muffler for reducing the sounds of combustion gases exhausted from an internal combustion engine including an elongated fluid passage extending between an inlet and an outlet such that the outlet is in fluid communication with the inlet. Further, the inlet being connectable with the gases exhausted from the engine and the outlet being connectable with the atmosphere. The muffler further including an outer tank surrounding the passage and a tubular connector having a first end in fluid connection with the passage and a second end in fluid connection with the tank such that the connector produces a fluid connection between the passage and the tank. The connectors having a perforated resistance plate to restrict the fluid flow between said passage and said sound chamber thereby reducing the severity of the sound or fluid pulses entering and exiting said sound chamber, perforations in said perforated plate forming an open portion of said plate and said open portion being less than 60 percent.

Abstract: A muffler has a casing with a plurality of sound-muffling chambers, exhaust pipes that pass through at least two sound-muffling chambers and to pass through exhaust from an engine, a plurality of apertures provided in each exhaust pipe, and a plurality of valves provided in each of the apertures. In this muffler, the plurality of apertures are provided at the locations at which an exhaust flow from one aperture and an exhaust flow from another aperture do not interfere with each other. When there are two apertures, the apertures are provided at positions in the exhaust pipes at which the apertures do not face each other. For this reason, by avoiding interference between exhaust flows from the two apertures, it is possible to suppress an abnormal sound caused by the interference.

Abstract: A muffler includes a case divided into three chambers by two baffles. The first chamber is closest to, and the third chamber is farthest from, the exhaust pipe. An inlet pipe has a first end connected to the exhaust pipe, and a second end in fluid communication with the third chamber. An outlet pipe expels exhaust and water from the first chamber to the exterior. A connecting pipe provides fluid communication between the first and third chambers. The second end of the inlet pipe is above the bottom interior surface of the outlet pipe. The inlet pipe may have holes in the second chamber, above the bottom interior surface of the outlet pipe. The connecting pipe may have holes in the second chamber. The baffles may have holes for the water to flow from the second and third chambers to the first chamber. Also, an exhaust apparatus utilizing the muffler.

Abstract: An exhaust system for a motorcycle provides enhanced steering stability and improved function for purifying exhaust gas. Front exhaust pipes connected with front cylinders of a V-type engine are joined to a front part of an exhaust chamber. Rear exhaust pipes connected with rear cylinders of the engine are joined to an upper part of the exhaust chamber. Exhaust gases discharged from both the front and rear exhaust pipes are unified within the exhaust chamber, and a catalyst is disposed in the vicinity of the unifying section. The length of the rear exhaust pipes is shorter than the length of the front exhaust pipes. High-temperature exhaust gas is introduced to the catalyst contained within the exhaust chamber via the rear exhaust pipes.

Abstract: A muffler for reducing the sounds of combustion gases exhausted from an internal combustion engine. The muffler including an elongated fluid passage extending between an inlet and an outlet such that the outlet is in fluid communication with the inlet. The inlet of the muffler being connectable with the gases exhausted from the engine and the outlet being connectable with the atmosphere. The passage having a first side region and a second side region circumferentially spaced from the first region with a fluid passage in at least one of the first and second side regions. The muffler further including a side attenuation sound chamber adjacent the at least one of the side regions wherein the chamber is circumferentially spaced from the other of the at least one side region.

Abstract: A muffler for reducing the sounds of combustion gases exhausted from an internal combustion engine including an elongated fluid passage extending between an inlet and an outlet such that the outlet is in fluid communication with the inlet. Further, the inlet being connectable with the gases exhausted from the engine and the outlet being connectable with the atmosphere. The muffler further including an outer tank surrounding the passage and a tubular connector having a first end in fluid connection with the passage and a second end in fluid connection with the tank such that the connector produces a fluid connection between the passage and the tank.

Abstract: To provide a muffler for a compact combustion engine, which is simple in structure and effective to sufficiently reduce the temperature of exhaust gases while avoiding contact with an external air, an exhaust guide passage 7 for communicating the exhaust gases (G) to a discharge port (63) is provided within an interior hollow of a muffler housing 6 defining an exhaust chamber (61) therein, and a side wall of this exhaust guide passage (7) is constituted by a portion (6W) of the muffler housing (6) and a duct wall (71) jointed to the muffler housing (6).

Abstract: A muffler suited for use in discharging exhaust gas from an engine. The muffler generally includes a housing that defines a muffler interior, an inlet aperture, and an outlet aperture. A baffle that defines a baffle interior is positioned to divide the muffler interior into an inlet space and an intermediate space. A first aperture is defined within the baffle to provide fluid communication between the inlet space and the intermediate space and a second aperture is formed within the baffle to provide for fluid communication between the intermediate space and the baffle interior. A flow guide is integrally formed with the baffle and is positioned to direct exhaust gas from the baffle interior through the outlet aperture.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an exhaust-gas muffler (1) of a handheld work apparatus driven by an internal combustion engine. The exhaust-gas muffler (1) includes a muffler housing (2) which includes an engine-end wall (3) having an inlet window (4) as well as an outlet (5). Attachment means (6) for fixing the exhaust-gas muffler (1) on the internal combustion engine are provided on the engine-end wall (3) in the region of the inlet window (4). The engine-end wall (3) is provided with a reinforcing sheet metal piece (7) on the inner side of the exhaust-gas muffler (1) in the region of the attachment device (6). A discharge channel (8), which leads to the outlet (5), is formed at least between a part region of the reinforcing sheet metal piece (7) and the adjoining region of the muffler housing (2).

Abstract: The subject invention refers to a muffler comprising a muffler housing (1, 2) and generally a catalytic converter element (13) mounted in the housing, which muffler has at least one inner outlet (4) through which exhaust gases cleaned by the catalytic element (13) are intended to pass. Furthermore, according to the invention an outlet duct (30, 31) is arranged in connection to the outside of the housing, comprising a first section (30) for leading exhaust gases in a first direction (A) in parallel with the outside of the housing, and a second section (31) for leading exhaust gases in a second, opposite direction (B), whereby said first and second sections (30, 31) have an essentially equally large cross-sectional area. By way of this outlet duct an improved cooling of the exhaust gases before they are brought in contact with fresh air rich in oxygen can be achieved. A back-pulsation of fresh air into the muffler can also be prevented.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for cooling motor vehicle exhaust gases, which heat exchanger is to be fitted into an exhaust line of the vehicle and having at least three tubes in contact by way of their outer walls with cooling air, in which the exhaust gases are brought to circulate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a silencer (1) for noise-laden gas pipes, especially for a suction pipe and/or an exhaust pipe of an internal combustion engine, comprising an outer pipe (2) with an inlet side (3) and an outlet side (4), a plurality of diaphragm rings (9, 9′, 9″, ′″, 9″″) each with an outer surface connected (5) to the inner surface of the outer pipe (2), at least one insert (6) with an outer surface connected (7) to the inner surface of the outer pipe (2) and/or the diaphragm rings (9, 9′, 9″, 9′″, 9″″) and with a plurality of openings (8) which are closed on one side. Said insert (6) forms sub-pipes for the gas flow in the silencer, and the openings (8), which are closed on one side, open into the sub-pipes, the depth thereof being /4 in relation to the wavelength of a frequency to be silenced.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improvement in an exhaust system structure for a motorcycle. A motorcycle has an engine disposed between front and rear wheels, an exhaust pipe extending from the engine, and a silencer connected to the exhaust pipe for discharging exhaust gases. The silencer, which is a heavy object, is of the type having a gas outlet disposed near a gas inlet. The silencer is disposed below the engine with the gas inlet facing toward the rear wheel, and the exhaust pipe extends to a position near the rear wheel and is connected to the gas inlet of the silencer. By elongating the length of the exhaust pipe and placing the silencer under the engine, the exhaust system performs sufficiently with high output engines, while at the same time lowers the center of gravity of a motorcycle body and balances the weight of the motorcycle body in its longitudinal direction.