Abstract: An exhaust processor includes a housing formed to include an interior region and a partition or first spark arrester that partitions the interior region into chambers and includes a wool filter formed to include an opening. The wool filter is positioned to filter unburned carbon particles from combustion product generated by a vehicle engine. The exhaust processor further includes an outer conduit that extends through the opening formed in the wool filter and is formed to include a passage and an inner conduit that extends into the passage and is formed to include an opening through which unburned carbon particles flow from inside the inner conduit to impinge against the outer conduit so that the outer and inner conduits operate as a second spark arrester.

Abstract: An exhaust header system for an internal combustion engine having improved exhaust gas flow characteristics. Primary pipes extend from openings in a flange bolted to the engines exhaust ports. The primary pipes come together at a collector pipe into which the primary pipes extend slightly. The ends of the primary pipes are substantially parallel, uniformly spaced around the collector pipe axis and have end surfaces lying substantially in a single plane. A generally pyramidal transition piece has a base corresponding to, and secured to, the primary pile end surfaces so as to cover the area between the pipe ends. The pyramid apex extends along the collector pipe centerline toward the exit end. The length and cross section of the transition piece is selected to provide a smooth transition from the greater combined internal cross section of the primary pipe ends to the lesser cross section of the collector pipe exit end.

Abstract: Systems and apparatus for muffling sounds produced by an internal combustion engine, and optionally catalytically degrading pollutants within waste exhaust gases. The systems and apparatus utilize a bed of particles within a muffling chamber. The gases are introduced using a diffusion tube with holes therethrough. The muffling particles preferably include silica or alumina, which can also catalytically degrade pollutants. Typically, the muffling/reaction chamber is maintained at a temperature in a range from about 50° C. to about 500° C., which is much lower than temperatures within conventional muffling systems for diesel engines. The muffling systems operate as substantially lower back pressure compared to conventional muffling systems. The systems and apparatus can be adapted to be used in combination with diesel engines or other internal combustion engines and industrial burners.

Abstract: An exhaust silencing device and method for silencing a turbogenerator includes a housing, an intake manifold, at least two exhaust outlet ports and flow channels which extend in a bifurcated path from the intake manifold to the exhaust outlet ports and which provide a length to height (or diameter) ratio permitting a compact fluid flow profile.

Abstract: An elbow silencer is disclosed comprising a casing and a baffle defining a flow channel. The elbow silencer is constructed to be modular so that two or more complementary elbow silencers are capable of engaging in a nesting relationship. The nested, complementary elbow silencers comprise substantially similar flow channels to produce predictable acoustic attenuation, self generated noise and pressure loss.

Abstract: A muffler for automotive vehicles. The muffler includes a passageway, an inlet at one end of the passageway, and a single outlet or dual outlets at the passageway's other end. The portion of the muffler connected to the inlet is substantially untapered. The portion of the passageway connected to the outlet or outlets tapers from wide to narrow away from the inlet and toward the outlet or outlets. This tapered geometry results in a very appreciable reduction of heat transmitted from the muffler back to the engine, increases engine performance, and produces a pleasant, deep sound while the engine is running.

Abstract: A non-resonant pipe assembly comprised of two acoustical pipe paths in phase opposition. One pipe path by its physical presence will act as a half wave. The other pipe path is longer than the first by an odd integer multiple of the first path.

Abstract: A muffler for automotive vehicles. The muffler includes a passageway, an inlet at one end of the passageway, and a single outlet or dual outlets at the passageway's other end. The portion of the muffler connected to the inlet is substantially untapered. The portion of the passageway connected to the outlet or outlets tapers from wide to narrow away from the inlet and toward the outlet or outlets. This tapered geometry results in a very appreciable reduction of heat transmitted from the muffler back to the engine, increases engine performance, and produces a pleasant, deep sound while the engine is running.

Abstract: A muffler for automotive vehicles. The muffler includes a passageway, an inlet at one end of the passageway, and a single outlet or dual outlets at the passageway's other end. The portion of the muffler connected to the inlet is substantially untapered. The portion of the passageway connected to the outlet or outlets tapers from wide to narrow away from the inlet and toward the outlet or outlets. This tapered geometry results in a very appreciable reduction of heat transmitted from the muffler back to the engine, increases engine performance, and produces a pleasant, deep sound while the engine is running.

Abstract: More than two damping chambers 2A to 2C), a communicating pipe (6) for intercommunicating the damping chambers (2A, 2B) and another communicating pipe (7) for intercommunicating the damping chambers (2B, 2C) are provided. Both ends of the communicating pipes (6, 7) are closed by an end plate (9) and the respective damping chambers (2A to 2C) and inside of the communicating pipes (6, 7) are intercommunicated by communicating holes (8A) on an outer circumference of the communicating pipes (6, 7). Exhaust gas flows from the damping chamber (2A) to communicating holes (8A1), inside of the communicating pipe (6), communicating holes (8A2), the damping chamber (2B), communicating holes (8A3), inside of the communicating pipe (7), communicating holes (8A4), and the damping chamber (2C), thus damping exhaust noise by repeated effective contraction and expansion.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved assembly of orifice chambers for reducing pressure of large gas flows effective to reduce noise of the gas flows and wear on orifice chambers by progressive pressure drops in the gas flows through successive orifice plates which are releasably secured, preferably by fillet welding, in each of the orifice chambers, removal of one or more orifice plates in an orifice chamber providing manway access to the next succeeding orifice chamber for inspection, repairs, and replacement of the orifice plates thereby reducing the manway opening or access to only one orifice chamber and eliminating separate access manways or manholes for each of the orifice chamber necessary for maintenance of the orifice chambers. Preferably, an internal shell providing an annular space with the body to which the orifice plates are connected is connected to the body by an annular ring and brace by fillet welding in compressions.

Abstract: A muffler comprises an outer shell defining a chamber, a baffle positioned in the chamber defined by the outer shell, and an inner plate positioned in the chamber. The inner plate includes a channel and a ridge coupled to the channel. The ridge extends away from the channel. The baffle includes an outer edge positioned adjacent to the outer shell and an inner edge positioned adjacent to the ridge and spaced apart from the channel.

Abstract: A muffler (10) having a casing (21), an inlet opening (22) and an outlet opening (26). An initial partition (30) forms an expansion chamber (28). The casing (21) has mounted and formed therein a partition array (34) that includes a divider partition (36), a first intermediate partition (38), and a second intermediate partition (40). Partition array (34) is positioned in a main sound attenuation chamber (46). A collector partition (42) having a collector opening (44) is positioned between array (34) and opening (26). A pre-outlet chamber (48) is formed by collector partition (42) prior to outlet (26).

Abstract: A rotary noise attenuating valve is provided which utilizes noise attenuation technology previously utilized with linear valves. The arrangement includes an impedance assembly in which the area with the impedance assembly which is accessed by the flow downstream of a rotary closure element flow is varied upon opening of the rotary closure element, with an interface assembly disposed between the rotary closure element and the impedance assembly. As a result, benefits previously realized only in linear valves are attainable utilizing a rotary valve, while the benefits attendant to rotary valves (such as greater capacity, variable .DELTA.p and/or minimum .DELTA.p under max flow) are also attainable.

Abstract: An exhaust muffler includes a housing having a rectangularly shaped hollow interior without fiberglass or other packing. An inlet tube and a first outlet tube extend through one side wall of the housing, and a second outlet tube extends through an opposite side wall. The inlet tube extends to an inner end disposed at a central region of the interior in a position facing away from a forward end wall of the housing toward an opposite rearward end wall, while a baffle assembly within the interior includes perforated partitions that define two Helmholtz chambers, as well as a first passageway from the inner end of the inlet tube to the first outlet tube and a second passageway from the inner end of the inlet tube to the second outlet tube. The baffle assembly includes first and second plates disposed within the first and second passageways to split the flow of exhaust gases.

Abstract: A circular-cylindrical filter muffler includes damping elements (3) arranged with their damping surfaces (11, 12) parallel to the central axis (13) of the filter muffler housing (2), which is cast as a monobloc. The damping elements are arranged in grooves (8) of the housing walls. The damping elements (3) include a damping plate (9) which encases an absorption element (10). In the assembled state the damping plates (9) form, with the coarse filter segments (15) arranged on them on the circumference of the filter muffler, a coarse filter ring which is surrounded by an annular filter (4). The advantages of the invention are, in addition to the simplified production and assembly of the components, the reduction of different components and the lower weight along with improved muffling.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a muffler for insertion into a pipe such as the intake pipe of an internal combustion engine. The muffler includes a base body defining a longitudinal axis and having first and second axial end faces. The base body has a plurality of pass-through openings formed therein which extend between the first and second end faces of the base body in the direction of the longitudinal axis. The base body is delimited by a radially outer-lying surface and has a support section in the region of the outer-lying surface. The support section extends axially beyond the first end face and is the maximum projection extending beyond the first end face of the base body.

Abstract: A sound absorber for jet engines and the like including a housing defining an inflow opening and an outflow opening. Sound absorbing elements positioned within the housing define substantially parallel entrance and exit planes. The sound absorbing elements include a plurality of gas guidance and baffle elements in two spaced-apart and parallel row-like arrangements, the elements having U-shaped, V-shaped, or semicircular cross-sections. The rows of sound absorbing elements are offset and the elements arranged such that the opened cross-sectional areas face each other in overlapping fashion. The entrance plane and the exit plane are inclined relative to an entrance flow through the inflow opening within an angular range of between 0.degree. to less than 90.degree..

Abstract: An exhaust silencer for receiving exhaust gasses from an engine includes inner and outer cylindrical walls and top and bottom closure plates. The inner wall and the top and bottom closure plates define a central collection chamber. Baffles extend alternately from the inner cylindrical wall towards the outer cylindrical wall and from the outer cylindrical wall towards the inner cylindrical wall, so as to define an undulating path for exhaust gasses as they pass from the central collection chamber to an outlet. Sound insulating material is attached to each of the upstream surfaces of the baffles, to the outer surface of the central collection chamber, to the inner surface of the outer cylindrical wall, and to the inner surfaces of each of the top and bottom closure plates. The sound insulating material is protected by expanded metal. The baffles are attached at their vertical edges to the expanded metal and not to the actual inner and outer cylindrical walls themselves.

Abstract: A sound attenuating muffler useful with an internal combustion engine, preferably for marine applications, contains an insert comprising an arrangement of annular sound reflecting surfaces defining an inner chamber into which engine exhaust gases flow in a first direction and one or more directors to divert the axial flow of gases and sound waves in a second direction past these sound reflecting surfaces. As the sound waves are reflected off of these surfaces back into the muffler interior, attenuation of the sound is achieved. One or more additional inserts may be placed downstream from the first insert for additional sound attenuation. Each of the inserts may be in the form of discrete sound reflector rings or as a continuous helix. A method of assembling the component parts of the insert is also described.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing noise originating in a flowing stream of gases in which the noise is progressively absorbed from the flowing stream to provide noise of reduced intensity relative to noise intensity at the upstream end of the stream, and the noise of reduced intensity actively attenuated with controlled sound energy. To facilitate the active attenuation of noise, the flowing stream is preferably divided into a plurality of smaller streams after a level of reduced intensities is attained and the active attenuation performed independently in each of the smaller streams. The apparatus is in the nature of a conduit (10) which defines a single duct extending from the inlet end (14) for a portion of the length of the conduit. Downstream, the single duct joins with a plurality of ducts (32,34) extending to the outlet end (16). An active noise attenuating device is preferably provided in each of the plurality of ducts.

Abstract: An improved muffler for silencing the exhaust emitted from a water cooled marine engine comprising a housing enclosure having a corrugated spacing means disposed within the housing partitioned by an angularly disposed inner planar baffle, the housing having an inlet for the exhaust gas and cooling water to fluidly communicate with a lower silencing chamber wherein the exhaust gas and cooling water are forced through a spacer passageway formed from the corrugated spacing means into an upper silencing chamber resulting in flow reversal and diminution in flow velocity so as to attenuate the exhaust noise, the exhaust gas and cooling water exiting the upper silencing chamber through an outlet fluidly communicated therewith and disposed collinearly with the input. The upper silencing chamber acting as a back flow preventor.

Abstract: Apparatus for use in combination with a compressed air powered tool having an air exit port to modify the sound of the tool during operation. The apparatus includes a helical coil compression spring having a plenum and defining restricted, radially disposed flow paths communicating with the plenum. A spring support holds the spring in position on the tool and air passing from the air exit port of the tool enters the spring plenum and passes through the restricted, radially disposed flow paths. An adjustment mechanism moves the coil spring segments, varies the length of the spring, and varies the size of the restricted, radially disposed flow paths. The spring support prevents bending of the spring.

Abstract: A muffler is described which is traversed by a fluid. Housing (1) contains sound-absorbent built-in components. The sound-absorbent components contain corrugated sheets (11, 12) instead of fibrous materials. (FIG. 3).

Abstract: A polymeric muffler including two halves each with baffle walls and gas flow openings integrally molded therein. The gas flow openings do not intersect with the mating edges of the baffle walls. The muffler halves are joined along the mating edges of the baffle walls and the outer walls of the two muffler halves. In a preferred embodiment, the muffler includes a filter detachably mounted on the muffler for converting exhaust gases into less toxic products. The gas flow openings are positioned to force all exhaust gas to pass through the filter.

Abstract: A muffler for an internal combustion engine or the like including a casing (21) having an inlet opening (28), an outlet opening (29), a first partition (43) secured in the casing (21) to divide incoming exhaust gases, and a second partition (46) secured in the casing (21) downstream of the first partition (43), which second partition (46) has an opening (39) through which the divided exhaust gases are converged and joined together for exiting the casing (21). The improvement in the muffler assembly which produces both sound attenuation and lower operating back pressure is to provide an intermediate partition (51) secured in the casing between the first and second partitions (43,46) which is formed to permit substantially uninterrupted or unimpeded flow of exhaust gases past the intermediate partition, while a forwardly facing concaved surface (52) reflects sound components in a direction away from the opening (39) in the second partition (46).

Abstract: A sound attenuating muffler useful with an internal combustion engine, preferably for marine applications, contains an insert comprising an arrangement of annular sound reflecting surfaces defining an inner chamber into which engine exhaust gases flow in a first direction and one or more directors to divert the axial flow of gases and sound waves in a second direction past these sound reflecting surfaces. As the sound waves are reflected off of these surfaces back into the muffler interior, attenuation of the sound is achieved. The gases exit the muffler to the atmosphere through an outer chamber surrounding the inner chamber. A method of assembling the component parts of the insert is also described.

Abstract: A muffler for use on the exhaust system of the motor vehicle. The muffler has a central pipe which is surrounded by an outer pipe which leaves an annular space between the two. The outer pipe is open at both ends and the annular space is filled with a sound deadening material. The central pipe has openings which pass to the annular space and a perforated sound deadening member is affixed to the inner surface of the central pipe. Preferably, the outer pipe is outwardly flared at its upstream end, and the perforated sound deadening member is conical in shape.

Abstract: A sound reduction unit for a compressor, in which the compressor has a cooling fan and an air intake, and the sound reduction unit includes a housing forming an enclosure about the air inlet and a plurality of sound absorbing baffles disposed in the housing and blocking any direct passage of air into the air inlet. The baffles provide free flow of air, which may be achieved by staggering the baffles in overlapping angular rows in a generally rectangular housing, but which preferably includes allowing a gap between the noise reduction unit and the cooling fan, with a flange baffle extending from the noise reduction unit beyond the cooling fan.

Abstract: The cylindrical enclosure 12 of a recuperator 10 as in FIG. 2 contains an annular coaxial heat exchanger 50 full of cooling liquid 22 circulating therethrough. Exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine flows from an inlet end 32 through the heat exchanger 50, first in an axial region 15 via a conduit 14, then back through a surrounding annular region 18, then through tubes 37 to an outlet end 34. The inlet 30 and outlet 31 for the gas are in the side wall 40 of the cylindrical body 12, and the exhaust gas 11 enters and leaves via conduits 14 and 19 that are perpendicular to the side wall 40 at the inlet 30 and at the outlet 31. So the ends 41 and 42 of the body 12 are free of adjacent obstruction, and at least one of them is removable, as in FIG. 4 or FIG. 5 . Thus, the recuperator 10 can be opened and closed to make the interior accessible for inspection, cleaning, or other desired purpose.

Abstract: A compact muffler for an internal combustion engine provides significant sound attenuation and back pressure reduction. The muffler is fabricated in the form of an elongated rectangular box with the exhaust pipe connected to an inlet in the center of one end, and the tail pipe of the vehicle connected to an outlet through the opposite end. Several wedge-shaped or V-shaped exhaust pulse splitting plates are located within the casing to split and recombine the stream of exhaust pulses passing through the casing. The splitting devices are located in the casing in positions which cause the different split streams of the exhaust pulses to be intercepted at different distances to cause the pulses passing through different parts of the casing to be out of phase with one another. The out-of-phase streams of the split exhaust pulses are recombined to flow out of the outlet.

Abstract: An exhaust collector for use with an internal combustion engine of the type having a plurality of generally nested exhaust tubes for individually receiving exhaust gases from separate associated engine exhaust ports. The collector is frustoconically shaped and has an open upstream end sealingly engaged with the downstream ends of the exhaust tubes to receive exhaust gases directly therefrom. The collector is oriented with its generally conical shape convergent in the downstream direction, and includes an internal cone shaped stem piece oriented with its longitudinal axis coaxial of the collector. A base portion of the stem piece is nested between and extends from the downstream ends of the exhaust tubes, and an apex end of the stem piece is generally aligned with the collector downstream end. The collector interior wall defines a smooth cylindrical surface when taken in radial cross section at any position along generally the entire length of the axis of the collector downstream of the tube exit ends.

Abstract: A muffler for muffling engine operating sounds and including a cylindrical shell closed at opposite ends by double-walled closure caps. The space within the shell is partitioned into three axially contiguous chambers. A gas charging pipe projects through one end of the shell and axially within the shell, and has two pairs of facing discharge elbows for discharging gas from the charging pipe at locations in the first of the chambers. A first pair of gas transfer pipes extends from the first chamber into the central chamber to points of opposed gas discharge. A second pair of gas transfer pipes extends from the central chamber into the third or discharge chamber, and from this location, the gas passes out of the muffler via a discharge pipe.

Abstract: A muffler of the type used to attenuate exhaust gas noise in exhaust systems of automobiles, trucks, or the like, particularly characterized by a gas flow conduit which is axially slotted and laterally flattened to form a closure and a pair of openings axially inward of the closure, wherein the end walls of the shell are pressed into engagement with the conduit ends to close the conduit and support the conduit.

Abstract: An adjustable sound attenuating device comprised of an elongated outer main shell of a predetermined diameter, with an inlet coupling and an outlet coupling. The device has located within the shell singular or multiple independent baffle components comprised of a solid baffle plate, a perforated baffle plate, an optional perforated baffle plug, and several chambers provided by the baffle components. The solid and perforated baffle plates have a funnel shape to provide for smooth directional flow of exhaust gases. The perforated baffle plate is pierced with a plurality of openings to allow for the flow of the exhaust gases through the chambers. The perforated baffle tube is pierced with inwardly angled louvers spaced equally around the circumference and staggered to follow a spiral path lengthwise around the perimeter of the tube for routing gases through the chambers.

Abstract: A sound muffling device for use in lawnmowers includes a hollow body containing an aperture plate, a plurality of serpentine configured pipes, a plurality of fans, a double net having a bundle of wires, and a microporous plate, an adaptor having a sound inlet disposed on the exterior of the front end of the hollow body, and a sound outlet of the exterior of a rear end of the hollow body.

Abstract: A pulsation damper is disclosed for use in a standard air-conditioning compressor for an automobile. The pulsation damper consists of a body portion and a cap portion and the cap portion has an outer diameter that is dimensioned to be press fit within the outlet opening of the housing of the air compressor. Thus, the pulsation damper can be retro-fit in a standard air compressor housing and will not increase the overall size of the housing or require modification in the connecting tubing. The body of the pulsation damper consists of longitudinal groove-like passages which direct the fluid flow from one of two internal compressor discharge lines to a point where it opposes and is intermixed with the fluid flow from another internal discharge line. This opposition and intermixing of the two fluid flow paths, which have pressure pulses which are out of synchronism with each other, tends to cancel or reduce such pulses.

Abstract: A muffler for muffling engine operating sound and including a double-walled cylindrical shell closed at opposite ends by double-walled closure caps. The space between the shell walls is filled with sound-absorbing solid particles. The shell is partitioned into three axially contiguous chambers. A gas charging pipe projects through one closure cap and axially within the shell, and has two pairs of facing discharge elbows for discharging gas from the charging pipe at locations in the first chamber. A first pair of gas transfer pipes extends from the first chamber into the central chamber to points of opposed gas discharge. A second pair of gas transfer pipes extends from the central chamber into the third or discharge chamber, and from this location, the gas passes out of the muffler via a discharge pipe.

Abstract: An engine exhaust apparatus in which an exhaust passageway of the engine is provided with a plurality of sound deadening passsages. One common exhaust passageway from the engine is branched into first and second exhaust passageways. Each of the first and second exhaust passageways has a silencer or muffler including first and second exhaust outlet tubes with a shift valve mounted in one of these exhaust outlet tubes. A control unit controls the shift valves to close both when engine speed is in a low region, to open one of them when engine speed is in a medium region and to open both when engine speed is in a high region.

Abstract: A muffler assembly includes an inner outlet tube having a tubular portion, a frusto-conical portion and a flange portion having an expanded orifice facing the outlet of an inlet tube. Both the outlet tube and inlet tube extend within a chamber defined in an outer housing. The chamber is divided into two or more subchambers by a baffle which extends between the outlet tube and the housing. One or more holes in the baffle improve the sound attenuation characteristics of the muffler. The invention also comprehends a novel blank used in forming the outlet tube, and three alternative methods which may be used to form the outlet tube.

Abstract: This invention provides an improved method and apparatus for attenuating the sound of flowing fluid. The apparatus of this invention includes at least two attenuating areas, preferably particle-filled containers arranged serially within a housing. One of the attenuating areas has a central void into which a portion of the fluid may flow on its way through the muffler. The muffler may also include a mechanism for permitting one of the attenuating devices to move in order to accommodate changes in fluid pressure.

Abstract: A pulsation damper is disclosed for use in a standard air-conditioning compressor for an automobile. The pulsation damper consists of a body portion and a cap portion and the cap portion has an outer diameter that is dimensioned to be press fit within the outlet opening of the housing of the air compressor. Thus, the pulsation damper can be retro-fit in a standard air compressor housing and will not increase the overall size of the housing or require modification in the connecting tubing. The body of the pulsation damper consists of longitudinal groove-like passages which direct the fluid flow from one of two internal compressor discharge lines to a point where it opposes and is intermixed with the fluid flow from another internal discharge line. This opposition and intermixing of the two fluid flow paths, which have pressure pulses which are out of synchronism with each other, tends to cancel or reduce such pulses.

Abstract: A muffler has a muffler body within which is located an intermediate duct pipe colinear with the exhaust and tail pipes, so that exhaust gas from the exhaust duct pipe can pass through a main flow route in the intermediate duct pipe in a substantially straight line without reflecting. An inner or by-pass pipe forms a gas by-pass and has gas flow restriction elements.

Abstract: A muffler is provided comprising an array of tubes and a stamp formed external shell surrounding the tubes. The external shell is stamp formed to define at least one chamber surrounding at least portions of the tubes. The chamber extends away from peripheral portions of the external shell to define a three-dimensional volume. The chamber is characterized by a plurality of inwardly directed V-shaped grooves, with each groove extending continuously between opposed spaced apart locations on the periphery of each chamber. The grooves preferably define a parallel array of substantially identical grooves. The grooves strengthen the walls of the chamber and efficiently prevent shell noise.

Abstract: For the purpose of muffling low-frequency sound waves such as occur in components of fluid-flow engines, the muffler proposed here consists of a feed pipe (1) through which (3) and around which (4) a medium flows. At its end in the direction of flow, the feed pipe (1) has a row of muffling bore holes (2) distributed over the periphery, via which the medium (4) flowing around the feed pipe (1) flows into the interior of the feed pipe (1). The effective length L of the feed pipe (1), the cross-sectional area A of the feed pipe (1) and the total cross-sectional area B of the muffling bore holes form the geometric parameters for calculating an optimum muffling of the low-frequency sound waves.

Abstract: A stamp formed exhaust muffler for mounting on a vehicle is provided. The muffler comprises a plurality of plates secured in juxtaposed relationship and stamp formed to define an array of tubes therebetween. At least one external shell is secured to the internal plates to define at least one chamber which communicates with the array of tubes. The external shell includes at least one conformal area which permits the muffler to conform to the shape of a structure on the vehicle. The conformal area may be an area of generally arcuate concavity when viewed from the exterior of the muffler or may define an internal corner on the muffler. Thus, a plane or line connecting two locations on the conformal area of the external shell will pass through the interference zone of a structure on the vehicle. The conformal area may be disposed where peripheral edges of the formed components are joined.

Abstract: A stamp formed muffler is provided with a nonplanar array of tubes. The tubes are defined by at least one pair of nested formed members. The nested members include at least one external shell having a nonplanar portion and at least one internal plate having a nonplanar portion, with the respective nonplanar portions being configured to be placed in generally nested face-to-face relationship. The nonplanar configuration comprises an array of channels, such that an array of tubes is defined by the channels when the components are placed in nested relationship to one another. One or more chambers of the muffler are defined adjacent the nested formed members. The chambers may be defined by a single plate placed in register with the nested components or by a second pair of nested members. The nested pairs of formed members is effective in dampening shell noise attributable to vibration of the formed members.

Abstract: A straight through type muffler for generating an exhaust flow from an internal combustion engine includes a closed expansion chamber in communication with the straight through passage of the muffler. A minority of the gases passing through the straight through passage will be accumulated in the expansion chamber and will be returned to the straight through passage when the pressure of the gases passing through the straight through passage is reduced, thereby minimizing the back pressure from the muffler.

Abstract: A tail pipe structure of a control type muffler having a first outlet pipe and a second outlet pipe provided with a control valve inserted therein, wherein the first outlet pipe is in communication with the downstream side of the control valve of the second outlet pipe. The mechanism of the muffler is such that when the control valve is opened, the exhaust gases flow into the atmosphere from the first and second outlet pipes. Further, even when the control valve is closed, the exhaust gases in the first outlet pipe flow into the atmosphere therethrough while a part of the exhaust gases flow into the second outlet pipe from the first outlet pipe through the communication pipe and is then discharged into the atmosphere.

Abstract: A stamp formed muffler comprising a pair of internal plates and a pair of external shells is provided. The internal plates are stamp formed to define first and second spaced apart arrays of tubes and a single intermediate tube therebetween. Tubes in one array may have perforations or apertures to permit expansion of exhaust gases, while the other array may define at least one tuning tube. The tubes are disposed on the internal plates such that at at least one location thereon a straight line extending entirely across said internal plates will intersect only the one intermediate tube. The external shells are stamp formed to define a plurality of chambers which cooperate with the tubes in the internal plates. The chambers are separated from one another by a crease disposed to align with the intermediate tube. The crease is characterized by a single outwardly convex portion to engage the single bulb. As a result, the crease is not provided with recesses that conceivably could retain corrosive materials.