Abstract: A ladder having a first fiberglass rail. The ladder having a second fiberglass rail. The ladder having a one-piece composite rung which is hollow and made of carbon fiber or glass. The rung has a middle and a first end and a second end. The ladder having rivets that extend through the first end and the second end of the rung to attach the rung to the first rail and the second rail. No portion of the rung penetrates any portion of the first or second rails. A method for producing a ladder. A method for forming a one-piece composite rung for a ladder. A method for using a ladder.

Abstract: A single run or extension ladder particularly suitable for use where electrical safety is significant. Stiles 6 are each formed from a pair of elongate hollow members 5 fabricated from glass-fibre material. Rung supports 7 are formed from an aluminium extrusion comprising a pair of piped edge sections 8 separated by a pair of webs 9 in the nature of a box-section 10. The elongate members 5 extend through and are attached to the edge sections 8 by an adhesive. The rung supports 7 thus space the elongate members 5 adjacently apart to form a stile 6. The ends of rungs 12 are mounted in laterally aligning apertures 14 in the webs 9, the end of a rung 12 being crimped back onto an outer of the webs 9. End caps or feet 16 are provided on the stiles 6. An extension ladder is formed in conventional manner, to that end, saddles 18 telescopically captivate a pair of such single run ladders together.

Abstract: A bracket device for use in assembling a ladder having a plurality of rungs and at least two side rails to which the rungs are attached includes a relatively flat band having a plurality of side rail engaging sections and a plurality of preformed rung engaging sections, the rung engaging sections and side rail engaging sections disposed alternatively along the band. The device along with the rungs are secured to the side rail members by suitable fasteners such as nails or screws.

Abstract: Extension ladders constructed of pultruded fibreglass reinforced plastic for use in an high voltage electrical environment are improved when they do not have any metal components within the field of the induced electrical currents and to achieve the junction between the fibreglass reinforced plastic rungs requires separate molded fibreglass reinforced plastic external sleeves so adhesively bonded to the stiles and the pultruded hollow rungs to make the junction and also such sleeves are not to have any projections outside the outer boundaries of the stiles.