Abstract: A vehicle suspension damper includes: a cylinder and a piston assembly, wherein the piston assembly includes a piston; a working fluid within the cylinder; a bypass cylinder surrounding the cylinder and defining a cylindrical bypass channel; an adjustable bypass port fluidly coupling an interior of the cylinder and the cylindrical bypass channel; and an active bypass valve coupled with the cylindrical bypass channel, the active bypass valve configured to adjust a working size of the adjustable bypass port to modify a flow of said working fluid through the adjustable bypass port.

Abstract: A damper apparatus includes an adjusting bolt including a head part rotatably stored in an adjusting bolt storage part formed in a base part, and a male thread part including a tip end formed in a male thread shape. An adjusting member includes: a female thread part, which is a part in a female thread shape fastened to the male thread part of the adjusting bolt and movably provided along an axis line of the adjusting bolt; a tapered surface part with which the tip end of a push rod comes into contact and formed in a tapered shape with respect to the axis line of the adjusting bolt; and wall parts rising from both ends of the tapered surface part with reference to the circumferential direction of the adjusting bolt, and interposing the push rod therebetween.

Abstract: A hold open rod includes an inner member; an outer member configured to have the inner member slide in and out of the outer member; and a noncircular dampening member arranged on the inner member. The noncircular dampening member being configured to dampen movement of at least one of the following: the inner member and the outer member.

Abstract: A damping device with a fixing structure includes a housing and a valve stem which extends through the housing. The inner housing plate is disposed in the housing, and the inner housing plate separates a space in the housing to be a first housing chamber and a second housing chamber which are independent and communicated with each other. An end of the valve stem is in sliding and sealing fit with the first housing chamber, and the valve stem separates the first housing chamber to be two independent sub-chambers with variable volumes. A plunger rod is directly or indirectly slidably sealed on the plug hole. The powerhead assembly is configured to drive the plunger rod to move. The housing is separated to be two chambers The plunger rod is moved to communicate or block the damping liquid, which realizes two functions of damping and supporting.

Abstract: A frictional damper is designed with a tubular housing having a longitudinal axis, with a tappet, which is displaceable in the housing along the longitudinal axis and is led out at an open end of the housing, with a frictional element lying against the tappet and with a cap attached to the open end of the housing with axial prestressing relative to the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: A vehicle height adjustment system includes: a cylinder housing part having an inner space configured to receive working fluid; a piston part positioned in the cylinder housing part, the piston part configured to move linearly in response to the working fluid transferred to the cylinder housing; a damper rod part positioned in the piston part; a protrusion part protruding outward from the damper rod part; and a guide part formed in the piston part facing the protrusion part, wherein the protrusion part is inserted into the guide part.

Abstract: A spring configured to compress, expand, and provide a force is provided that includes a first ring, a second ring, a third ring, a first plurality of rolling elements arranged between the first and second rings, and a second plurality of rolling elements arranged between the first and third rings. When the spring is compressed, the first ring is configured to be elastically deformed in tension in a radially outwardly direction, and the second and third rings are configured to be elastically deformed in compression in a radially inwardly direction.

Abstract: A hitch force monitoring system includes a hitch ball having a stem downward mountable to a vehicle drawbar. Two or more sensors are attached to the stem to respectively measure longitudinal and lateral forces on the hitch ball. A controller is communicatively coupled to the two or more sensors to receive the measured longitudinal and lateral forces and the user interface. The controller is communicatively coupled to a user interface device to indicate the measured longitudinal and lateral forces on the hitch ball that represent push, pull and sway forces of a trailer load attached to the hitch ball.

Abstract: A piston housing unit includes a housing with a longitudinal axis, a piston rod that is displaceable, in particular along the longitudinal axis and/or around the longitudinal axis, a guide/damping unit for guiding and damping the displacement of the piston rod.

Abstract: Example aspects relate to a shock absorber with a position sensor, and a method to produce it. The shock absorber comprises a first and second damper part, which are arranged movable relative to each other in a longitudinal direction L. A position sensor is arranged to detect the relative position of the first damper part to the second damper part, and comprises an index element on the first damper part as well as an electric detection circuit for detecting the position of the index element. A flexible sleeve is at least partially arranged around the first and/or the second damper part and fixed relative to the second damper part. To enable a particularly simple design, the detection circuit is attached to the flexible sleeve.

Abstract: A hydraulic damper comprises an outer cylinder, and an inner cylinder slidably mounted within the outer cylinder for movement relative to the outer cylinder along a longitudinal axis. The inner cylinder has a circumferential wall circumscribing a bellows assembly. The bellows assembly comprises a first bellows section, a second bellows section, a damping plate attached to and separating the first and second bellows sections, a first closure element closing an end of the first bellows section opposite the damping plate to define a first chamber, and a second closure element closing an end of the second bellows section opposite the damping plate to define a second chamber. The first closure element is attached to the inner cylinder for movement therewith relative to the outer cylinder. The second closure element is also attached to the inner cylinder for movement therewith relative to the outer cylinder.

Abstract: A fall shock absorber comprises a frame 5 formed by an elongated profile that has a U-shaped cross section. The frame comprises two parallel strips 11 which are attached to each other by a bridge 13. The strips accommodate tapered slots 15 through which a shaft 17 is projected. A bracket 19 to which a safety cable 21 is fixed is present on the shaft. The width of the slot at the wider end 15A is equal to the thickness of the shaft 17 and the width of the slot at the narrower end 15B is smaller than the thickness of the shaft. The material of the shaft 17 is softer than the material of the strips 11, so that when the shaft is displaced through the slots the shaft shows plastic deformation.

Abstract: A damper assembly for a hinge includes a damper unit (10) with a piston arranged to be moveable over a working stroke within a cylinder (15) containing damping fluid. The damper unit (10) is mounted on a bracket (11) and retained in position by a housing (12). A mechanism is provided for converting rotational movement of the hinge in at least part of one direction into actuation of the damper unit (10) on its working stroke. The movement converting mechanism is arranged to act on the cylinder (15) at a position substantially outside the range of movement of the piston on its working stroke. The arrangement minimises the transmission of radial forces from the movement of the door to the cylinder (15).

Abstract: A piston housing unit comprises a housing with a longitudinal axis, a piston rod that is displaceable, in particular along the and/or around the longitudinal axis, a guide/damping unit for guiding and damping the displacement of the piston rod.

Abstract: A switchable damper comprises a housing having a longitudinal axis, a plunger displaceable along the longitudinal axis, a piston arranged between the housing and the plunger, a friction lining arranged on the piston and a switching unit, which is switchable between a blocking arrangement, in which the piston is blocked with respect to a displacement along the longitudinal axis, and a free-moving arrangement, in which the piston is released with respect to a displacement along the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: A damper includes a housing with at least one axially offset longitudinally extending guide channel for receiving a plunger of a piston assembly. The plunger is axially offset from a control rod extending through the housing and the piston assembly. A coil spring surrounds the housing and extends between a hemispherical cap of the housing and the piston. The plunger includes a friction pad which engages the guide channel of the housing to provide frictional inter-engagement for the damper. In one embodiment, the housing includes a pair of axially offset guide channels and the piston assembly includes a pair of axially offset plungers which extend within a pair of guides of the housing. One of the plungers includes a linear sensor which provides signal information for use by a washer control circuit.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a washing machine including a damping device to be operable according to vibration displacement. In a washing machine including a damping device provided to damp a vibration transferred from a washing tub, the damping device includes a suspension member, a damping unit provided to move along the suspension member, and a friction unit provided in the damping unit to form a frictional force with the suspension member, and the friction unit is disposed while being spaced apart from an inner surface of the damping unit to be selectively movable depending on a level of the vibration of the washing tub.

Abstract: A shock absorber including a cylinder having a first chamber and a second chamber where at least one of the first chamber and the second chamber includes a fluid. A piston is configured for reciprocal movement within the cylinder and defines at least one through-hole for enabling the fluid to move between the first and second chambers. A floating disc and a floating retainer are each movably connected to the piston, the floating disc and the floating retainer defining a space between the floating disc and the floating retainer, the space having a cross-sectional area. A seal element is seated in the space and has a cross-sectional area equal to the cross-sectional area of the space where an entire surface of the seal element engages and forms a seal with an inner wall of the cylinder during the reciprocal movement of the piston.

Abstract: An inerter device for a wheel suspension of a vehicle, having an inerter mass and a mechanical inerter drive which is operatively connected to the inerter mass via a coupling device. The coupling device has a control disk connected to the inerter mass and a contour disk connected to the inerter drive. The control disk and contour disk are frictionally in contact with each other via coupling surfaces. The inerter mass is reversibly movable relative to the inerter drive from an operating position into a securing position. The control disk has a contact element which, during the movement of the inerter mass into the securing position, interacts with a mating contact element of the contour disk and therefore reversibly moves the control disk from a coupling position relative to the contour disk into a release position in which the coupling surfaces are separated.

Abstract: An apparatus for locking a transmission line in a tubular includes a first clamp segment configured to surround at least a portion of the transmission line of the tubular, the transmission line having a longitudinal axis. The apparatus also includes a second clamp segment configured to surround at least a portion of the transmission line, the second clamp segment and the first clamp segment configured to apply radial forces in opposite radial directions when the first clamp segment is engaged with the second clamp segment, the opposite radial directions being perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, the radial forces operating together to maintain the transmission line in a fixed position relative to the tubular and maintain tension in the transmission line.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a fixing and actuating mechanism with a spiral ball channel which is designed as the square and trapezoidal screws or rectangular or particularly coiled springs in different shapes which are produced in the sensitivity that can work in the system to perform the function of converting rotational movement into linear movement similar to the relationship of a screw and square nut and is performing while eliminating the friction between the surfaces to add new functions that the like cannot perform.

Abstract: An outer rotor motor includes a mounting seat portion provided inside a motor case, and a protruding portion protruding from the mounting seat portion. An inner stator has a stator opening portion formed centrally thereof, and a mounting portion is formed adjacent the stator opening portion. A vibration isolating member is interposed between the mounting seat portion and the mounting portion with the stator opening portion telescopically fitting over the protruding portion. The vibration isolating member includes a pair of foam rubber layers and a metal base material sandwiched between the pair of foam rubber layers. A bolt fastens the mounting seat portion and the mounting portion together while compressing the vibration isolating member.

Abstract: There is provided a translational inerter assembly for damping movement of a flight control surface of an aircraft. The assembly has a press fit element fixedly disposed within a first end of the flight control surface and rotatably movable with the flight control surface. The assembly further has an inertia element coupled to and installed in the press fit element. The assembly further has a torsion bar having a torsion bar first end coupled to and installed in the inertia element, and having a torsion bar second end fixedly attached to a support structure of the aircraft. Rotation of the flight control surface causes translational movement of the inertia element, via the press fit element, along a hinge axis of the flight control surface and along the torsion bar, resulting in the translational inerter assembly damping movement of the flight control surface.

Abstract: An aircraft wheel braking arrangement may comprise a landing gear structure, a torque tube extending in an outboard direction from the landing gear structure, and an actuator housing disposed outboard from the torque tube. An actuator piston may extend in an inboard direction from the actuator housing for applying a force to a brake stack surrounding the torque tube. In various embodiments, a back plate is non-integral to the torque tube and may be disposed inboard of an end plate of the brake stack or the landing gear structure itself may act as the back plate. The back plate and/or the end plate may provide a direct thermal path from the brake stack to a landing gear structure.

Abstract: A dolly stabilizer is mounted onto a rear end of a trailer and has a stabilizer plate, a stabilizer pin, and a control box. The stabilizer plate is mounted to a chassis having at least one pair wheels. The stabilizer plate may comprise a plurality of mounting holes. It includes a dolly tongue stabilizer pin hole that receives the stabilizer pin. The stabilizer plate includes an internal piston that is selectively driven into a recess or opening in the stabilizer pin to straighten a position of a subsequent trailer or dolly relative to a preceding one. The control box includes a pneumatic input for receiving pressurized air and a pneumatic output to brakes on the dolly. A speed sensor may be coupled to the control box for allowing speed control of the dolly wheels. Electrical connections accept power for operating lights and other electrical devices on the dolly.

Abstract: An air suspension in an embodiment includes: a cylinder; a piston rod; a rod-side member disposed on the lower end side of the piston rod; a diaphragm; an axle-side attachment member having an upper end side of which is fixed to an opening at a lower end of the rod-side member, the axle-side attachment member including a fixing section for fixing the piston rod and an attachment hole joined to an axle; a gas passage formed in the axle-side attachment member, one end of the gas passage being opened to an upper end face of the axle-side attachment member and the other end of the gas passage being opened to a side section of the axle-side attachment member; and a valve section provided at the opening of the other end of the gas passage.

Abstract: A washing machine including a casing, an outer tub, a support rod having one end connected to the casing and the other end having a support prop, first and second friction units movable along the support rod and applying frictional force between the friction units and the support rod, a receiving body movable along the support rod, the receiving body retaining the first and second friction units, the receiving body is integrally moved with the first friction unit and is displaceable relative to the second friction unit, an outer tub supporter movable along the support rod and formed independently of the receiving body to support the outer tub above the receiving body, and an elastic member supported by the support prop and elastically supporting the receiving body.

Abstract: An energy dissipating device which is capable of dissipating energy through its plastic axial deformation without undergoing buckling comprises at least three hysteretic elements, being interconnected in series in such a way, that at least one hysteretic element will be subjected to compression while at least another hysteretic element is subjected to tension when an external load is applied to the energy dissipating device.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an object construction device configured to enclose a specified assembly area and assemble objects, such as toys, using standardized interlocking assembly units. The construction device includes processor with a memory device configured to access an instruction set encoding the assembly instructions of the object. The processor executes the instruction set in order to control and direct an assembly unit manipulator to additively construct or assemble the object from the interlocking assembly units. The assembly units are configured with surface features that interconnect the assembly units such that once connected they are substantially permanently attached to one another.

Abstract: A washing machine includes a machine housing, a tub that is suspended on a plurality of support arms in the machine housing, and a washing drum that is rotatably mounted in the tub, at least one of the support arms being equipped with a force sensor, which generates a force measurement signal that is representative of the force acting upon the respective support arm. Moreover, the washing machine is equipped with a level sensor, which generates a level signal that is representative of the water level in the washing drum, and an electronic control unit that processes the force measurement signal and the level signal, and which is configured to control the sequence of a washing program of the washing machine in dependence on the force measurement signal and the level signal.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments of the present invention would provide an exemplary vibration isolation and seismic restraint apparatus that would comprise: an exemplary structural member comprising: counterposed threaded holes; counterposed layered threaded force-transfer bosses, wherein each of the counterposed layered threaded force-transfer bosses would comprise a threaded hole aligned with a corresponding counterposed threaded hole in said underlying (bottom) member. The exemplary structural member would further comprise: counterposed threaded studs, wherein each of the counterposed threaded studs would be threaded through corresponding threaded holes in the corresponding layered threaded force-transfer boss and corresponding threaded holes in the underlying (bottom) member. The exemplary structural member would further comprise a spring resting on, or attached to, a position on the structural member between the counterposed threaded studs.

Abstract: An apparatus for maintaining tension of a transmission line in a tubular includes a first clamp segment configured to surround at least a portion of a transmission line and a second clamp segment configured to surround at least a portion of the transmission line. The second clamp segment has a first axial end and a second axial end. The first axial end is configured to contact an axial end of the first clamp segment, such that the first clamp segment and the second clamp segment are configured to apply a force in opposite radial directions to clamp the transmission line with respect to the tubular to lock a position of the transmission line with respect to the tubular.

Abstract: A washing machine and a method for manufacturing the same are disclosed. A washing machine includes a casing that defines an outer appearance of the washing machine and an outer tub in the casing that is configured to receive water. A supporting rod is coupled with the casing, and a suspension is coupled with the outer tub, the supporting rod being inserted in the suspension. The suspension is configured to move bi-directionally along the supporting rod as the outer tub vibrates to mitigate vibration of the outer tub, and the suspension includes a frictional part configured to contact the supporting rod. The suspension is configured to apply a lubricating material to a portion of the supporting rod that is brought in contact, during the vibration of the outer tub, with the frictional part of the suspension.

Abstract: A frictional vibration damper for washing machines is disclosed. The damper comprises a piston body and a piston rod which adapted to move along the primary axis of said piston body. A friction element is located in between the piston rod and the piston body. The piston rod and piston body is equipped with joint at one of their ends for connection to the frame and the drum of the washing machine. The piston rod comprises a tubular body which is made of sheet material and which is fixedly rolled around a carrier piece. The frictional damper according to the present invention preferentially comprises, on one or both sides of the tubular body, with connection elements in the longitudinal direction for engaging to corresponding connection elements located on the carrier piece.

Abstract: A suspension apparatus includes: a cylinder connected to one of a sprung member and an unsprung member, an interior space of the cylinder being partitioned into a piston upper chamber and a piston lower chamber; a piston connected to the other of the sprung member and the unsprung member; an expansion side friction member configured to damp a movement of the piston, a force of the expansion side friction member for damping the movement of a piston being increased by exerting a pressure of the piston upper chamber on the expansion side friction member; and a contraction side friction member configured to damp the movement of the piston, a force of the contraction side friction member for damping the movement of the piston being increased by exerting a pressure of the piston lower chamber on the contraction side friction member.

Abstract: Provided is a washing machine which may include a cabinet that defines an accommodation space, a washing device configured to be withdrawn from the accommodation space of the cabinet, and a front panel provided in front of the washing device that defines a front external appearance of the auxiliary washing machine. The washing device may include a drawer configured to be slidably inserted or withdrawn from the accommodation space of the cabinet, the drawer including a tub for wash water, a rotating drum assembly provided in the drawer, the rotating drum assembly having a drum and a rotating shaft connected to the drum and extending through the tub, and a suspension assembly configured to support a vertical load of the rotating drum assembly such that the rotating drum assembly is suspended relative to the tub and to dampen vibration from the rotating drum assembly in a lateral direction.

Abstract: An adjustable damper includes a tube body, a driving rod to be displaced in the tube body and to engage a screw sleeve to drive a screw rod and further a fixed seat for rotation. The fixed seat has a plurality of permanent magnets surrounding for circular rotation and an operation element is driven by a rotating element for repeated linear displacement; a magnetic surface is further arranged on an inner periphery of an annular element of the operation element and an annular gap is arranged between the magnetic surface and the permanent magnets; therefore the displacing annular element is able to adjust a damping force of the driving rod by adjusting an overlapped area of the permanent magnets and a magnetic surface, and further adjust an eddy load formed thereby. The damper overcomes the problem of oil leakage and ensures the durability and quality with its adjustability.

Abstract: A gas spring and gas damper assembly can include a gas spring and a gas damper. The gas spring can include a first end member, a second end member and a flexible wall that at least partially form a spring chamber. The gas damper can include first, second and third damper elements that are telescopically interconnected with one another. The first and third damper elements can be operatively connected to respective ones of the first and second end members. The third damper element includes damper piston having an axial clutch. The second damper element is suspended between the first and third damper elements by biasing elements that engaging the damper piston.

Abstract: A damper, especially for a suspension of a vehicle. The damper provides a reactive inertia force in response to movement of a shaft. In some embodiments, there is also a piston providing viscous damping. In some embodiments, the shaft of the damper telescopes with an internal shaft. The internal shaft and a coupling member coact to convert linear motion of the external shaft to an internal rotary motion.

Abstract: It is desired to make a shock absorbing structure small in size. The shock absorbing structure includes a beam-like structural member having a concave section; and a shock absorbing member, one end of which is arranged in the concave section to abut to the structural member and the other end of which is arranged outside the structural member. Even in a case of a dead stroke when the shock absorbing member is bottomed out, the concave section overlaps with the structural member supporting the structure, so that there is no wasteful space.

Abstract: An identical engagement hole 12b is formed in each of first and second brackets 1, 2. A first engagement portion 31c is formed in a damper body 31 of a rotary damper 3. A distal end portion of a rotor 32 of the rotary damper 3 is non-rotatably inserted in an adapter 4. A third engagement portion 46 is formed in an outer circumference of the adapter 4. The first engagement portion 31c is non-rotatably inserted in the engagement hole 12b of the first bracket 1. The third engagement portion 46 is non-rotatably inserted in the engagement hole 12b of the second bracket 2.

Abstract: A system for use in monitoring, measuring, recording, computing and transmitting the oxygen levels and identification of oxygen contamination within an aircraft telescopic landing gear strut. An oxygen sensor is mounted in relation to each of the landing gear struts as to monitor, recognize, measure and record the identification of oxygen within the telescopic landing gear struts. The amount of oxygen within each landing gear strut is measured and recorded and downloaded to the responsible aircraft maintenance department. By detecting the amount of oxygen in a strut, steps can be taken to purge the gas from the strut to minimize corrosion of strut components and to prevent internal combustion of the gas and oil in the strut.

Abstract: A suspension actuator (1) for positioning a movably mounted component of a motor vehicle suspension, including a first actuator component (4), which is to be connected to the movably mounted component, and a second actuator component (3), which is to be connected to a fixed suspension component, wherein both actuator components can be axially adjusted relative to one another via a ball-type linear drive (5), which includes a threaded spindle (6) and a nut (7) running thereon. Either the nut can be driven via a drive motor (10) for the axial adjustment of the threaded spindle or the spindle can be driven via a drive motor for axial adjustment of the nut.

Abstract: Disclosed is a damper that is easy to mount and capable of attenuating to a sufficient degree a vibration generated by an electronic component; also disclosed are an electronic component and an electronic apparatus that are provided with such a damper. A mounting insertion portion is provided with a hard portion maintaining the configuration of the mounting insertion portion.

Abstract: A shock absorber includes a sleeve, a piston accomplishing forward and reverse travels therein, a rod, a piston cap, a rod cap including an orifice and a rod seal mounted therein. The rod seal defines a front face facing the piston and a rear face being opposite to the front face. The rod includes at least two rod regions including annular humps. The front and rear faces operatively interact with the annular humps during the forward and reverse travels, such that the interaction causes deformations of the rod seal thereby cushioning impacts and reducing overloads of the shock absorber. An embodiment of the shock absorber further includes two annular humps represented by a first annular hump, having a first maximal diameter, and a second annular hump, having a second maximal diameter, while the first maximal diameter is greater than the second maximal diameter, preferably by 3-10 micrometers.

Abstract: Friction device includes at least two members, one of which is mobile, or potentially mobile, in terms of relative displacement with respect to the other under the action of an external stimulus. The relative displacement is liable to cause the relative displacement of two friction surfaces subjected to pressing forces, so as to convert the external stimulus into a friction force and to thus control the displacement of the mobile or potentially mobile member. The pressing forces are produced by pre-stressing mechanisms and the members are able to act on the effects of the pre-stressing mechanisms so as to use the resultant effect of the relative displacement of the mobile or potentially mobile member to reduce the pressing forces.

Abstract: A shock absorber comprises a sleeve, a cylindrical piston with a seal attached to the cylindrical surface of piston with two side surfaces, a rod coupled with the piston, a piston cap enclosing the sleeve on the piston's side, and a rod cap enclosing the sleeve on the rod's side. The piston and rod move within the sleeve overcoming resistance of oil/gas cross-flows from one sleeve's chamber to the other, friction between the seal and the sleeve's walls, and friction between the rod and a seal mounted in the rod cap. The proposed absorber allows increasing the resistance offered to the movement of piston thereby improving the efficiency of damping, and suppressing/avoiding auto-oscillation and resonance regimes. This is achieved by providing a number of narrowing/widening necks arranged on the sleeve's walls within regions adjoined to the caps. Different embodiments combine features conditioned by various diameter differences for the necks, etc.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electric actuator capable of effectively absorbing shock exerted on its component part. The electric actuator has a housing, a rod cover, a piston, a feed screw, a sliding nut, two piston dampers for absorbing shock exerted on the piston, a first end damper attached to one of the opposite ends of the housing, a second end damper attached to the rod cover. The sliding nut is axially displaceable relative to the piston when the piston damper absorbs shock.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to hydraulic systems for actuating a vehicle braking system. More specifically, the present invention relates to a hydraulic system that uses the gravity-generated pressure in a load-bearing hydraulic cylinder to provide hydraulic pressure to a parking brake, emergency brakes, or service brake when properly modulated or other service. The present invention further relates to a system to reduce through dissipation or utilization the available gravity-generated hydraulic pressure so as to deploy a ground engaging drag-brake of a vehicle.

Abstract: An impact absorber for a vehicle includes an outer body including a cavity having an axis, and an inner body situated partially within the cavity for relative movement into the cavity when the absorber is subjected to an impact. The inner body has at least one lateral protrusion. A number of deformable units are located in the outer body at different positions along the cavity. The deformable units partially protrude into the cavity for successive engagements and deformations, one unit after another unit, along the cavity, by the protrusion of the inner body moving into the outer body, thereby absorbing the energy of an impact in different stages. Each deformable unit includes a rigid ball protruding into the cavity and a deformable plate fixed behind the ball.