Abstract: A brake adjuster for a pedaling training machine comprises a base, a position plate and a U-shaped magnetic arm combined together. The position plate is combined on the base with a pivotal shaft to be tilted up at the front and tilted down at the rear and can recover its horizontal position by elasticity of a spring pinched between the position plate and the base. The U-shaped magnetic arm is combined on and moves together with the position plate, having two permanent magnets on both sides of an intermediate opening. An iron turning disc fixed on a shaft of a pedal in the pedaling training machine is positioned to have its circumferential edge and its two sides extending for a preset distance in the opening to face the permanent magnets so as to stop the turning disc by a hand brake controlling a main shaft combined with the base.

Abstract: Fault-tolerant apparatus for controlling first and second input members of a mechanical actuator includes first and second electrical machines and at least two controllers. The first and second electrical machines, which apply braking forces to the first and second input members, respectively, are provided with stators having pluralities of isolated phase windings. Each controller is coupled to a phase winding of the first electrical machine, and also to a phase winding of the second electrical machine. Any one controller can excite the first electrical machine to apply the braking force to the first input member or the second electrical machine to apply the braking force to the second input member.

Abstract: An eddy current type brake system connected to an output shaft of a transmission of a vehicle comprises a rotor connected to the transmission shaft, a stator movable relative to the rotor and a magnet mounted on the stator. The rotor has a ferromagnetic part and a non-magnetic or feeble-magnetic part. The magnet of the stator can move into the vicinity of the ferromagnetic part of the rotor to allow an eddy current to flow in the rotor. The magnet also can move into the vicinity of the non-magnetic or feeble-magnetic part of the rotor to prevent the eddy current from reaching the rotor. Therefore, when the magnet is moved into the vicinity of the ferromagnetic part, a brake force is applied to the rotor due to the eddy current whereas when the magnet is moved into the vicinity of the non-magnetic or feeble-magnetic part, the brake force is no longer applied to the rotor.

Abstract: An eddy current type retarder for a vehicle comprises a hollow rotor mounted on an engine-rotated shaft, a first stator mounted on a frame of the vehicle such that it faces an inner wall of the rotor, a first group of permanent magnets mounted on the first stator at intervals in the circumferential direction of the first stator with poles of the magnets being reversed alternately in the circumferential direction of the first stator, a second stator adapted to be movable relative to the first stator and provided near the first stator such that the second stator faces the inner wall of the rotor, a second group of permanent magnets mounted on the second stator at the same intervals as the first group of permanent magnets in the circumferential direction of the second stator with poles of the magnets being reversed alternately like the first group of magnets, a magnetic-passage-forming-ring provided between the rotor and the first and second stators, the ring having ferromagnetic elements which extend over the f

Abstract: A vehicle braking system including a brake structure defining an annular surface; an annular magnet support disposed adjacent to the annular surface; a plurality of circumferentially spaced apart pairs of circumferentially spaced apart permanent magnets mounted on the magnet support and circumferentially spaced apart thereon, each pair arranged with like polarities facing the annular surface and the polarities of the pairs of permanent magnets facing the annular surface alternating circumferentially; an annular pole piece support assembly; and a plurality of ferromagnetic pole pieces mounted on the pole piece support assembly and circumferentially spaced apart in positions between the annular surface and the permanent magnets, each pole piece disposed adjacent to a pair of the permanent magnets and having a circumferential length substantially greater than the circumferential length of either of the adjacent pair of permanent magnets.

Abstract: A deceleration zone in a linear motor in-track transit system is provided. The transit system includes a guideway and at least one vehicle carrying a linear motor secondary moveable along the guideway between a freight loading station and a freight unloading station. Linear induction motor (LIM) primaries are disposed along the guideway at spaced intervals to provide thrust to the vehicles. Deceleration zones are designated at certain segments of the guideway wherein reduced speed of the vehicles is required. The deceleration zones include a plurality of spaced permanent magnet decelerators located along the guideway adjacent the vehicle entrance end of the deceleration zone. The decelerators cause eddy currents to flow in the linear motor secondaries carried by vehicles passing thereover due to the magnetic interaction between the decelerators and the linear motor secondaries. The eddy currents result in a retarding thrust being supplied to the vehicles.

Abstract: This invention relates to an adjustable magnetic brake and in particular to one including an aluminum fan, a magnetic conducting ring enclosing the aluminum fan, a permanent magnet disposed within the aluminum fan, a fixing seat for keeping the permanent magnet in position, a sliding seat mounted in the fixing seat and provided with a bearing, a housing, bolts provided on one side of the fixing seat and extending out of the housing, a mounting plate connected with the bolts and a wire connected with the mounting plate such that when the wire is pulled outwards, the permanent magnet will be moved outwards.

Abstract: A stationary brake member (45) which is used in an electromagnetic brake apparatus, comprises a first press-worked plate (45h) and a second press-worked plate (45m) which are laminated to each other. The second press-worked plate (45m) has plural hooks (45q), (45s) to grip the first press-worked plate (45h). The first press-worked plate (45h) has plural projections (45k) with spaces (45t) therebetween, and the projections are buried in the cast bracket (31), whereby the first press-worked plate (45h) is firmly fixed to the bracket (31).

Abstract: An eddy current type brake system adapted to a vehicle comprises a drum-like rotor mounted on an output shaft of a transmission of the vehicle, a stator provided in the rotor and being able to reciprocate in an axial direction of the rotor, a plurality of permanent magnets mounted on the stator, a brake force producing device provided between the stator and the rotor for magnetically connecting the permanent magnets of the stator with the rotor to apply brake force to the rotor, and a device for magnetically cutting the permanent magnets of the stator from the rotor to release the brake force from the rotor. When the stator is moved to a position to face the brake force producing device, the permanent magnets of the stator are connected to the rotor magnetically and the eddy current is produced in the rotor so that the rotating shaft is decelerated.

Abstract: A torque limiter comprises: a bottomed cylinder formed of a magnetic material; an end plate fixedly and coaxially fitted in the open end of the cylinder; a rotary shaft coaxially and rotatably supported in bearings fitted in the bottom wall of the cylinder and the end plate, respectively; two rotors formed of a magnetic material and coaxially secured to the rotary shaft; a permanent magnet disposed between and contiguously to the rotors and coaxially secured to the rotary shaft; an annular core formed of a magnetic material and coaxially fitted in the cylinder contiguously to the end plate; magnetic powder filled in the gap between the core and one of the rotors disposed opposite to the core; and sealing members disposed between the bottom surface of the cylinder and one of the rotors on the side of the bottom surface of the cylinder and between the inner end surface of the end plate and the other rotor on the side of the end plate.

Abstract: The floating structure has limited heave oscillations. A long member has a lower end coupled to the seabed. An extensible tensioner is coupled between a platform deck and the upper end of the long member. The tensioner suspends the upper end of said long member and applies a predetermined tension thereto. The tensioner includes anti-heave force-exerting means for exerting downward-acting forces on the floating structure.

Abstract: An eddy current brake for braking the rotation of a rotating shaft driven by a drive including a rotatable, stamped one-piece inductor drum member connectable to a driven shaft, having a radially extending portion and an axially extending portion spaced from and substantially parallel to the axis of rotation of the driven shaft. A pole assembly is located within a volume defined by said drum member and is rigidly attached to an end adaptor plate of the drive. The pole assembly includes a pair of stamped pole members each defining a plurality of poles which are placed in a confronting, interdigitated relationship upon assembly.

Abstract: A torque limiter comprises: a bottomed cylinder formed of a magnetic material; an end plate fixedly and coaxially fitted in the open end of the cylinder; a rotary shaft coaxially and rotatably supported in bearings fitted in the bottom wall of the cylinder and the end plate, respectively; two rotors formed of a magnetic material and coaxially secured to the rotary shaft; a permanent magnet disposed between and contiguously to the rotors and coaxially secured to the rotary shaft; and an annular core formed of a magnetic material and coaxially fitted in the cylinder contiguously to the end plate; magnetic powder filled an axially in extending gap between the core and one of the rotors disposed opposite to the core; and sealing members disposed between the bottom wall of the cylinder and one of the rotors on the side of the bottom. surface of the cylinder and between the inner end wall of the end plate and the other rotor on the side of the end plate.

Abstract: A combined wheel/brake apparatus employing an electro-rheological fluid. The apparatus includes a wheel rotatably mounted on an axle and a first array of spaced, electrically conductive vanes extending in a first direction with the vanes non-rotatably held by the axle. The apparatus also includes a second array of spaced, electrically and thermally conductive vanes extending in a direction opposite the first direction, with the second and first arrays interdigitated but not contacting. An electro-rheological fluid is in the spaces between the vanes. At least some of the second vanes have a coolant passageway and the apparatus further includes a secondary coolant supply for these passageways. The coolant passageways are isolated from the electro-rheological fluid so that application of an electrical potential across the two array vanes causes an increase in the viscosity of the electro-rheological fluid to develop a braking force, with heat occasioned by the braking being transmitted to the secondary coolant.

Abstract: A steering apparatus for artificially establishing steering feel in a steering system not having a mechanical connection between the steering wheel and the steerable wheels. The apparatus includes a hydraulic steering motor connected to the steerable wheels. A steering wheel position sensor and a steerable wheel position sensor each produce an electrical signal respectively indicative of the steering wheel position and the position of the steerable wheels. An electronic control unit monitors the sensor signals and controls a solenoid operated directional control valve to steer the vehicle in a direction and at a steering rate in response to the monitored signals. An electromagnetic friction brake is connected to a support and to the input shaft and is controlled by the electronic control unit to provide steering feel. The friction brake includes an armature fixed to the support and a brake member secured for rotation with the input shaft via a spline conneciton.

Abstract: An electromagnetic brake device for a sports training apparatus, especially an ergometer, includes a stator, and a rotor rotatable in relation to the stator about a rotation axis. The stator and the rotor each have multi-pole iron circuits which together form a magnetic flux circuit, one of the iron circuits having magnetic remanence properties. With the iron circuits, there are associated windings of which the winding allocated to the magnetically remanent iron circuit is formed as field winding and the other winding is formed as generator winding. The field winding is connected through a slip ring arrangement with the generator winding. With the iron circuit of the generator winding, there is associated a short-circuit winding. The size amplitude of the current fed to the field winding from the generator winding is adjustable by a control circuit. In this way, the electromagnetic brake moment of the brake device can be adjusted without wear.

Abstract: A carrier which transports semiconductor chips or the like can run along two rails made of a ferromagnetic material and extending along a running path. The carrier has four supports projecting from its bottom. Four magnets units are supported by the supports, respectively, and each magnet unit includes a permanent magnet and a pair of electromagnets such that the magnet units face the rails. The carrier is held floated with respect to the rails by electromagnetic forces acting between the magnet units and rails. The supports support four gap sensors which detect the gap between the magnet units and rails and produce an output signal corresponding to the gap. Magnetic flux control unit is provided on the underside of the carrier to control the current supplied to the electromagnets in accordance with the outputs of the gap sensors to maintain the gap constant within a predetermined range.

Abstract: On an electronic carriage brake for a drawing machine, the power stage (18) associated with a brake magnet (12) for a considered co-ordinate direction is triggered directly via the output signal from a comparator (24), to which the measured position signal (20) and the nominal-value signal (26) are applied, as well as additionally via a monostable trigger circuit (30) which is triggered by the output signal from the mentioned comparator (24).

Abstract: In an eddy current retarder, more especially for vehicles, each enlarged pole shoe (5) is shifted circumferentially rearwardly, with respect to the axis (Y) of the corresponding magnetic core (2), i.e. in the direction opposite that (F) of the rotation of the rotor.

Abstract: An electromagnetic device includes an electromagnet having one electrical coil and an annular member of high permeability having a pair of radially spaced first and second circumferential magnetic resistance portions. The first and second armatures are disposed in opposed relation to the first and second magnetic resistance portions, respectively. At least one of the first and second magnetic resistance portions is interrupted by circumferentially spaced magnetic bridge portions having such a size as to allow a predetermined amount of magnetic flux to pass therethrough to attract the one of the first and second armatures, disposed in opposed relation to the other of the first and second magnetic resistance portions, into contact with the annular member when excitation current of lower magnitude is applied to the coil. When excitation current of higher magnitude is applied to the coil, the magnetic flux passes through the first and second armatures, thereby attracting them into contact with the annular member.

Abstract: A magnet assembly is made up by a plurality of magnet modules each having a permanent magnet adapted to attract a rotatable armature into engagement with the pole pieces of the module. Each module also includes an electromagnetic coil having an axis disposed perpendicular to the pole pieces. When energized, the coil produces flux which causes the permanent magnet flux to bypass the armature and enable release of the armature from the pole pieces.

Abstract: A motor has an electromagnetic brake which is connected to the output shaft to brake the rotation of the output shaft, whereby the driving body can be forcibly braked with excellent stopping response.A fan for forcibly cooling the inside of the motor is enclosed in the casing, whereby temperature rises can be prevented by ventilation.A bracket for supporting the iron core of the brake coil is made of a non-magnetic material, whereby the leaked magnetic flux passing through the bearing fixed on the bracket can be prevented, and consequent damage to the bearing heated by the eddy current can be prevented.The stator can be a stator having windings used in a conventional induction motor, and the rotor is a cup type rotor having a simple structure extended in the axial direction. Accordingly, the structure is simple, and the size of the motor in the radial direction can be reduced.

Abstract: In an electromagnetic retarder armature rotor, comprising a disk (1) connected to a securing collar (2) by means of a ring of rams (4, 4.sub.1) forming ventilation fins, the largest diameter portions of these arms projecting axially from the disk and their tops being connected together by an annular flange (5) parallel to the disk, the assembly of the disk, the collar, the arms and the flange forming a single molded block, if we call D the outer diameter of the disk (1), a the axial distance between this disk (1) and the flange (5), b the radial width of this flange (5) and r the inner radius of said flange (5), the ratio Db/ar is between 10 and 30.

Abstract: Apparatus for electrically controlling the application and release of aircraft brakes. In one embodiment, the invention includes a slurry clutch controlling a reciprocating member which is operatively connected to the pressure plate. In another embodiment of the invention, a torque motor is adapted to have an armature which comprises a ball screw, the ball screw being in engagement with a longitudinal drive rod interconnected with the pressure plate. Rotation of the armature causes the drive rod to move the pressure plate into forceful engagement with the brake disk stack or to retract the same. In yet another embodiment of the invention, a plurality of torque motors are interconnected with a bull gear which is operative for driving the pressure plate.

Abstract: A radial axle railway truck has a pair of depressed center side frames supported at their ends from the axles by horizontal elastomeric pad devices carried on the sides of outboard journal bearing adapters to permit steering movements of the axles, the horizontal pad devices nearest the ends of the side frames being elongated transversely of the truck and the horizontal pad devices remote from the ends of the sideframes being elongated longitudinally of the truck. A transverse truck frame is supported at each side above the depressed center portion of the respective side frames by a pair of generally V-shaped elastomeric pad devices supported on the inclined portions of the side frames connecting the high end portions and the depressed center portions thereof.

Abstract: A coil for a dynamic eddy current braking system affixed to the lower half of a vehicle wheel by two steel, yoke-shaped, end supports joined by parallel rectilinear arms, with the end supports spaced for clearance from the coil and along with thin non-magnetic sheets defining free enclosures around the coil ends, the supports having holes to inject an elastomer into the free enclosures. Seals limit the elastomer to the flat portions of the coils and plates in the zone of injection of the elastomer are immobilized in relation to the support parallel to rectilinear arms but separable from the inner wall of the support to permit thermal expansion and contraction of the coil and elastomer in the support without loss of the transmission of forces to the support occurring in the course of braking and without exaggerated transfer of forces to the support in the case of considerable heating or cooling and without detachment of the elastomer in the case of a very considerable drop in ambient temperature.

Abstract: A transporting apparatus for transporting cylindrical steel articles such as steel pipes by using inclined skid rails is arranged to have a magnetic braking device including electromagnetic coils for controlling the rolling speeds of the articles to be transported, wherein the electromagnetic coils are so disposed as to minimize a magnetic path for the magnetic fluxes developed by the electromagnetic coils and are also arranged in the shell type manner to prevent the electromagnetic coils from being externally damaged.

Abstract: A speed reducer or eddy current brake for a vehicle, wherein the frame of the speed reducer is affixed on the support housing of the vehicle differential; the speed reducer includes a stator attached to the frame of the reducer; the frame is adjustable in position with respect to the stator; the rotor of the speed reducer is a flywheel which is properly positioned with respect to the vehicle drive shaft; means for adjusting the flywheel position with respect to the stator; means for magnetically shielding the bearings of the drive shaft of the flywheel from the magnetic force lines from the stator.

Abstract: In electromagnetic clutches or brakes in which the armature closes against the pole pieces of the coil without leaving an air gap, the faces of the poles or armature, or both, are broken up into smaller areas by annular grooves to reduce the lodgement and retention of contaminating and magnetically inhibiting particles resulting from wear.

Abstract: In an apparatus for transporting cylindrical steel articles by rolling down on inclined skid rails, a plurality of electromagnets are provided along extension of the skid rails so as to reduce the speed of rolling down of the articles repeatedly during transportation on the skid rails by applying forward and reverse excitations to each of the electromagnets at a predetermined timing thereby to transport the articles in a pitch transfer mode.

Abstract: An improved apparatus and method for braking the rotation of a centrifuge rotor is disclosed comprising magnet means operable in a first condition wherein substantially no eddy currents are induced in a rotating rotor made of electrically conductive material by the magnetic flux of the magnet means and a second condition wherein eddy currents are induced into the rotating rotor sufficiently to slow the rotor. In one embodiment, magnet means is movable from a first position wherein substantially no eddy currents are induced in an electrically conductive portion of the rotating rotor by the magnetic flux to a second position wherein eddy currents are induced into the rotating rotor in a quantity sufficient to slow the rotor.

Abstract: A stopping member located within an air driven rotor and designed to respond to a magnetic field generated within the rotor housing, causing the completer stoppage of the rotor subsequent to its high speed centrifugation. The stopping member is comprised of a ferrous metal element positioned within the rotor for alignment with the poles of a magnet to facilitate sufficient attractive forces between the magnet and the metal element to completely stop the rotative motion of the rotor on a support cushion of air.

Abstract: An improved apparatus and method for braking the rotation of a centrifuge rotor is disclosed comprising magnet means operable in a first position wherein substantially no eddy currents are induced in a rotating rotor made of electrically conductive material by the magnetic flux of the magnet means and a second position wherein eddy currents are induced into the rotating rotor sufficiently to slow the rotor. In the preferred embodiment, the magnet means is movable by fluid pressure from the second position to the first position and movable by a bias force from the first position to the second position.

Abstract: The unit includes an electromagnet which may be energized to effect shifting of an armature from a clutching position in which the armature couples driving and driven elements to a braking position in which the armature engages a braking member to produce braking of the driven element. The braking member normally is locked against rotation so as to apply a braking torque to the armature and the driven element but may be selectively unlocked and permitted to rotate so as to enable the armature and the driven element to free-wheel.

Abstract: A magnetic particle device such as a magnetic particle brake in which the flux producing means are mounted in a stationary member, said device having improved means for dissipating heat, improved means for locating the heat sensitive members including the bearing members relatively remote from the region where most of the heat is generated, the rotatable portions of the subject devices being mounted between stationary portions thereof, and means forming an improved magnetic gap construction for such devices. The device may also include improved means for circulating a liquid coolant from an external source through stationary portions of the device and simplified relatively trouble free means for making the electrical connections to the flux producing means.