Abstract: A hydrostatic piston machine unit, which is in particular designed as a hydrostatic axial piston machine unit, comprises at least two driving mechanisms that can be driven synchronously and have displacement pistons which each perform a reciprocating motion in operation and are provided for delivery into a common pressure line. The hydrostatic piston machine unit has a jointly assigned precompression volume for the at least two driving mechanisms.

Abstract: A tailgate damping system for controlling movement of a tailgate assembly of a vehicle includes a speed sensor that provides rotational speed information of the tailgate assembly. A controller receives the rotational speed information from the speed sensor. A damping control assembly receives a tailgate shaft of the tailgate assembly. The damping control assembly includes a housing comprising a rotor chamber including a rotor member located therein. The rotor member is connected to a rotor shaft that is coupled to the tailgate shaft. A valve chamber includes a control valve located therein. The controller closes the control valve to inhibit exit of a damping fluid from the rotor chamber based on the speed information received from the speed sensor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hydrodynamic machine, especially a hydrodynamic retarder, comprising two blade wheels which are opposite of one another in such a way that they jointly form a toroidal working chamber which can be filled with a working medium in order to hydrodynamically transfer torque by means of a cycle flow of the working medium in the working chamber from the first blade wheel to the second blade wheel, with the first blade wheel rotating about a rotation axis and the second blade wheel rotating about the same rotation axis in the same direction of rotation or opposite of the direction of rotation of the first blade wheel, or being held in a stationary manner. The invention is characterized in that at least one of the two blade wheels is subdivided in the region of its blades into at least two concentric rings.

Abstract: A hinge device prevents breakage of a structuring part from an increase in an internal pressure during overload. In the hinge device, first and second members are rotatable relative to each other. A case is fixed to either the first or second member, and a shaft body capable of rotating relative to the case is fixed to the other. A first chamber and a second chamber formed between the case and the shaft body are filled with viscous fluid. An orifice between the first and second chambers narrows a flow path for the viscous fluid moving from the first to second chamber, resisting rotation of the shaft body. A space region is provided in the shaft body, with a valve body movably placed therein. When pressure of the first chamber reaches a predetermined level, the valve body moves in the space region to increase the volume of the first chamber.

Abstract: The present invention provides a rotary damper in which both yields and braking characteristics can be enhanced. The rotary damper of the invention includes a valve mechanism which comprises an operating chamber 7 through which fluid can pass, a valve body 8 which forwardly moves from a natural state position when the valve body 8 receives fluid pressure and which can forwardly moves in the operating chamber 7, and a first spring 9 capable of giving a resistance to the forward movement of the valve body 8. The valve mechanism can reduce a flow rate of fluid which passes through the operating chamber 7 by a flow path 14 formed between the valve body 8 and a peripheral wall 7a of the operating chamber 7. A reducing amount of fluid can be increased as a moving distance of the valve body 8 which forwardly moves in the operating chamber 7 is increased.

Abstract: A rotary vane magnetorheological energy absorber, which enables a longer stroke capability in a more compact configuration than conventional magnetorheological devices, is disclosed. This novel device design is attractive for applications where long stroking capability, high force dynamic range, device size, and device weight are important. The improved magnetorheological energy absorber comprises an internal or external flow valve and a hollow body enclosing fixed and rotary vanes as well as magnetorheological fluid. Fluid flow in the valve is restricted as a solenoid is activated, thus adjusting the capability of the device to react torque. Various flow valve configurations are disclosed, as well as various motion translation mechanisms for translating linear motion to rotary motion for use of the rotary vane magnetorheological energy absorber.

Abstract: A damper includes a vessel; a partitioning member which partitions an internal space of the vessel into two accommodation chambers for accommodating a viscous fluid and which is movable with respect to the vessel; a moving force imparting device for imparting to the partitioning member a moving force in an A1 direction by the input of rotation in an R2 direction with respect to the vessel, so that the moving velocity is set to one corresponding to the rotating velocity of that input of rotation; a resilient device for resiliently urging the partitioning member in an A2 direction; a communicating hole formed in the partitioning member; and a flow limiting device for limiting the flow of the viscous fluid in the accommodating chamber into the accommodating chamber through the communicating hole when the internal pressure of the viscous fluid accommodated in the accommodating chamber has exceeded a fixed value.

Abstract: In one aspect, the present invention is directed to a vehicular brake (10) comprising: a closed-circuit tunnel (14, 62) containing hydraulic liquid (72); a mechanism (22) for moving the hydraulic liquid (72) within the closed-circuit tunnel (14, 62) together with the wheel (30) of the vehicle; and at least one faucet (24) within the closed-circuit tunnel (14, 62), for reducing the cross-section area (from A1 to A2) of the closed-circuit tunnel (14, 62) at least at one location, upon braking activity, thereby braking the vehicle wheel (30) without friction wear.

Abstract: A rotational damper having a stator and a rotor that is rotatably supported in the stator, the rotor having a first friction element (31, 31 A . . . 31 F), wherein the volume between the stator and the rotor is filled with a viscous fluid. According to the invention, the rotor has a second friction element (32, 32A . . . 32F), which is supported coaxially in relation to the first friction element and rotationally coupled thereto, and which can be axially displaced relative to the first friction element. Due to the two-piece design of the friction element and the ability for axial displacement of the two friction elements, the entire effective surface of the friction element in the viscous fluid, and thus the frictional resistance and the damping characteristics of the rotational damper, can be varied. For this purpose, the second friction element preferably has a plurality of segments (5, 5A . . . 5F), which immerse into the first friction element and can be displaced by an actuator (4, 4A . . . 4G).

Abstract: The present invention provides a rotary damper in which both yields and braking characteristics can be enhanced. The rotary damper of the invention includes a valve mechanism which comprises an operating chamber 7 through which fluid can pass, a valve body 8 which forwardly moves from a natural state position when the valve body 8 receives fluid pressure and which can forwardly moves in the operating chamber 7, and a first spring 9 capable of giving a resistance to the forward movement of the valve body 8. The valve mechanism can reduce a flow rate of fluid which passes through the operating chamber 7 by a flow path 14 formed between the valve body 8 and a peripheral wall 7a of the operating chamber 7. A reducing amount of fluid can be increased as a moving distance of the valve body 8 which forwardly moves in the operating chamber 7 is increased.

Abstract: A damper 1 includes a vessel 2; a partitioning member 6 which partitions an internal space of the vessel 2 into two accommodation chambers 4 and 5 for accommodating a viscous fluid 3 and which is movable with respect to the vessel 2; a moving force imparting device 7 for imparting to the partitioning member 6 a moving force in an A1 direction by the input of rotation in an R2 direction with respect to the vessel 2, so that the moving velocity is set to one corresponding to the rotating velocity of that input of rotation; a resilient device 8 for resiliently urging the partitioning member 6 in an A2 direction; a communicating hole 9 formed in the partitioning member 6; and a flow limiting device 10 for limiting the flow of the viscous fluid 3 in the accommodating chamber 4 into the accommodating chamber 5 through the communicating hole 9 when the internal pressure of the viscous fluid 3 accommodated in the accommodating chamber 4 has exceeded a fixed value.

Abstract: A device (15) for slowing the movement of a door (2) urged by unidirectional thrust means (4), including a casing (17) fixable to a structure (S) and defining a chamber (18) filled with a viscous fluid, and a rotor (31). The rotor (31) includes a disc portion (32) and a shaft portion (33) protruding through the lid (21) of the casing (17) in such a way as it can be associated with the door (2). The base surface (23a) of the chamber (18) has a recess (51) operable to house a pivotable arm (52). The arm (52) has a pin portion (54) protruding into the chamber (18). The lower surface (62) of the disc portion (32) of the rotor (31) has a groove (70) for engaging the pin portion (54) of the arm (52). At one end (73), the groove (70) has a cam (76) dividing it into a return path (75) and a forward path (74) for the pin portion (54) so as to define a locking position for the rotor (31) in cooperation with the thrust means (4).

Abstract: A rotary damper includes: a damper body mounted on a rotary shaft; a cam mechanism provided in the damper body to set a rotation pattern of the rotary shaft; a restoring force-accumulating member that accumulates a restoring force in accordance with rotation of the rotary shaft; and a rotation control member for controlling the rotation of the rotary shaft. The damper body is formed by setting a bottomed, cylindrical outer case having an opening at one end thereof and a bottomed, cylindrical inner case having an opening at one end thereof, face-to-face with each other and fitting the two with each other rotatably. The rotation control member is interposed between an inner periphery surface of the outer case and an outer periphery surface of the inner case on an outer periphery side of the damper body.

Abstract: A controllable motion damper with a damping piston separating two damping chambers from each other in a damping cylinder. A damping valve is disposed in a connecting channel of the two damping chambers with the transmissivity of the damping valve for a damping fluid contained in the motion damper being controlled by a control device. Both damping chambers are filled with an electromagnetically uninfluenceable damping fluid. The control device includes a slide piston unit filled with a magnetorheological fluid. The slide piston unit includes a slide piston operatively coupled to the damping piston, wherein, through the intermediary of the magnetorheological fluid, the magnetorheological fluid is influenceable by controllable magnetic field generators with regard to its flow resistance with the slide piston acting on an actuator connected to the damping valve for controlling the movement of the damping piston.

Abstract: A damper includes: a cylinder: a piston rod inserted to be movable linearly in the cylinder; a guide member provided with a coupling hole to which an insertion portion of the rod member is coupled at a center thereof, and provided with first and second grooves at an outer circumferential surface thereof; a fixed damping member fitted into the first groove and adhered to an inner surface of the cylinder; and a movable damping member up and down movably fitted into the second groove and selectively adhered to the inner surface of the cylinder.

Abstract: A damper includes a frame, a main gear mounted to the frame for rotation about an axis of rotation, and a spring operably connecting the main gear and the frame such that rotation of the main gear tensions the spring. The main gear has a circumferential recess formed therein that defines a circumferential channel or reel. An elongated flexible member is wrapped around the main gear, disposed within the circumferential channel. A gear damper is mounted to the frame and is operably engaged with the main gear to dampen rotational movement of the main gear. The damper can be configured for one-way and two-way damping.

Abstract: A one way braking device has a first sealed chamber filled with a viscous fluid, a braking rotor being rotably supported within the chamber, a housing or the braking rotor, respectively, coacting with a pinion which in turn cooperates with a tooth rod or a gear or the like. The first housing is floatingly supported in a second chamber of a second housing. The circumference of the first housing and a locking portion of the wall of the second chamber are formed such that a positive interengagement between the first and second housings takes place if by a linear first force component the first housing and the locking portion are moved against each other. A free running between the first and second housings is effected when a second force component opposite to the first component effects between the first and second housings.

Abstract: A steering damper in a motorcycle includes a vane partitioning a chamber in a damper housing into two oil chambers, wherein hydraulic fluid flows between the two chambers to generate attenuating force. The steering damper also includes a damper shaft connected to the vane and supporting the vane for rocking motion with respect to the housing, and a hydraulic pressure control valve. The housing is attached to a head pipe, and the damper shaft is attached to a steering system. When the head pipe is to be attached to the housing, the housing is extended rearwardly behind a top bridge, and a linear solenoid for driving and controlling the hydraulic pressure control valve is attached to the housing and disposed below the extension thereof.

Abstract: A braking system comprised of a rotor, a plurality of actuators, a brake control unit and a by-pass valve. When in a brake-on mode of operation, the brake control unit effects braking by restricting the flow of a working fluid that is pumped in and out by each of the plurality of actuators as they engage the rotating rotor. The degree of restriction to the flow of the working fluid can be varied to adjust the amount of braking force applied. The brake system is self-energizing in that it is not reliant on a substantial external source to create the operating pressure necessary to effect braking. Operating the by-pass valve into a by-pass on position effectively negates the generation of braking forces normally resulting from operation into the brake-on mode of operation while still allowing the actuators to engage the rotor and working fluid to be circulated.

Abstract: A driveline brake assembly for use on trucks as either a primary braking system or a secondary braking system. A camshaft connected to the driveline carries a number of cams thereon. Each cam has associated therewith a pair of pressure glides which ride on the cam from opposite sides. Each pressure glide may be forced against the cam forcibly due to an inflated air bladder pressing compression springs against the back of the pressure glide. This forcible pushing of the glides against the cams causes the camshaft to slow its rotational speed and accordingly slow the truck.

Abstract: A device for position and speed-dependent damping of pivotal movements of a wheel-supporting pendular arm of a motor vehicle, includes a housing (16) with a cavity for rotatable support of a swing axle of the pendular arm; a plate pack arranged in the housing; a first annular pressure disk, torsionally fixed but axially moveable on the swing axle of the pendular arm; a second annular pressure plate, torsionally fixed but axially moveable in the housing, the two pressure plates having opposing sides with members designed, on rotation of the first pressure plate, to produce an axial movement of the pressure plates relative to one another; and a compression spring unit, designed to exert a compressive force on the pressure plates and on the plate pack.

Abstract: An adjustable-length actuating element comprises an energy storing device. A casing and a piston rod, which is displaceable in the casing, are provided within the actuating element. A spindle drive is integrated in the energy storing device. A driving shaft is in rotary driving connection with the piston rod.

Abstract: To provide a rotary damper having a compact shape with a short axial length and capable of absorbing an extremely high torque acting temporarily in the case of a door abruptly closing. In a rotary damper (1) in which a rotary member (5) includes: a basement portion (6) axially supported by a drive shaft (4); a torque adjustor (7) capable of relatively moving on the drive shaft (4); a slide member (8) positioned through and facing the torque adjustor (7); and a spring (9) for energizing the slide member (8) to a cam, the slide member (8) is moved in the radial direction by relatively moving the torque adjustor (7) to a position having a predetermined angle against the drive shaft (4), and a predetermined radial clearance is formed between an outer surface (8b) of the slide member (8) and an inner peripheral surface (3a) of a chamber, thereby changing the clearance to change a torque generated by the rotation of the rotational member (5).

Abstract: A hydraulic steering damper (9) is designed to be fitted inside a steering sleeve (3) between the steering sleeve (3) itself and a steering pin (2) that is coaxial with the sleeve (3) and having an axis of rotation (A). The damper (9) comprises a cylindrical lining (11), that can be fixed to the steering sleeve (3), and a cylindrical wall (13), that can be fixed to the steering pin (2). The lining (11) and the wall (13) form between them a gap (16) designed to hold a hydraulic fluid (17) and divided into a first and a second chamber (28, 29), which are in fluid communication with each other through a conduit (30). The damper (9) further comprises a blade (25) attached to the cylindrical wall (13) and designed to push the fluid (17) from one to the other of the chambers (28, 29) when the steering pin (2) is rotated relative to the steering sleeve (3).

Abstract: In a braking axle driven by a wheel of a trailer vehicle, wherein an axle-driven pumping mechnism is used to pressurize a volume of hydraulic fluid in response to a braking command, the fluid pressure activates a turbine which in turn drives a cooling fan aimed at a radiator used to dissipate the heat accumulating into the hydraulic fluid. The coaxially circular arrangement of the pumps, control valves and other components of the system yields a simple, efficient and sturdy mechanical structure that can withstand very high internal fluid pressure with a limited and controllable leakage rate.

Abstract: In one aspect of this invention, a system and process for controlling a fluid actuated retarder is disclosed. This includes an input mechanism and an electronic controller for receiving a signal from the input mechanism, including a value for a desired retarder control level. Also, there is a proportional solenoid valve that is actuated by the electronic controller. The proportional solenoid control valve is operatively connected to a proportional retarder spool valve and the proportional retarder spool valve is operatively connected to a fluid actuated retarder.

Abstract: A rotation damper for toggle joints prosthesis (1) that is arranged for swing phase control of the prosthesis, and incorporates a housing having at least one clamber (13) with a damping medium disposed therein is disclosed. The chamber is arranged so that the damping medium is displaced through a restriction (14a) with a swing motion of at least one pivot axle (6) in the prosthesis. The damping medium is a visco-elastic compound, having an ability to exert a bigger resistance at rapid motion processes as compared to slower processes.

Abstract: A rotary damper for stabilizing a temperature characteristic while allowing a leakage of operating oil from a clearance between a basic portion of a rotor and a bearing end on the casing side for supporting said rotor with relative rotational motion between the casing and the rotor. Two sets of operating oil chambers (17a, 17b) and (18a, 18b) which alternately expand and contract with rotational displacement of (9) are connected by an interconnecting flowpassage (54) provided on the housing (2). A damping force generating mechanism (44) includes two sets of damping elements (43a, 43b) arranged midway on the interconnecting flowpassage (54). A flow resistance of operating oil passing through the interconnecting flowpassage (54) is imparted by the damping force generating mechanism (44) and the damping force regulating mechanisms (72, 73) to generate a predetermined damping force corresponding to the operating direction of the rotary damper.

Abstract: The invention relates to a viscous coupling particularly suitable as a brake for a firebreak door. Outer plates are non-rotatably associated with a housing by means of teeth. Between each two outer plates there is arranged one of two inner plates, which are non-rotatably connected to a hub rotatably arranged in the housing by teeth. The other inner plate is connectable in the direction of rotation to the first inner plate and to each other by two sets of lugs such that there is a free rotational path. When the lugs of two successive inner plates contact one another in the direction of rotation, a driving action occurs. Consequently, torque increases in a stepwise fashion. Therefore, it is possible for firebreak doors to affect the braking of movement into a closed position because braking is delayed and changes in steps.

Abstract: An electrical generator for mounting on a railroad car axle end which utilizes the rotation of the axle to generate electricity. The generator includes a housing assembly bolted to the end of a railroad car axle, preferably using the bolt holes that are present on conventional axle ends. The housing includes a tubular rim along which is mounted a plurality of spaced permanent magnets. A stator fastened to a stationary part of the car, typically the outer race of the axle bearing, mounts a plurality of coils in a circular array, closely spaced to the magnets. Electricity is generated whenever the car axle is rotating.

Abstract: A hydraulic braking system for a rail car is provided. The system includes a hydraulic pump or motor adapted to engage a rail car axle or wheel. When rotating, the axle or wheel drives the hydraulic pump causing a hydraulic fluid to circulate. By restricting the flow of fluid to the pump, a braking force can be applied to the axle for slowing and stopping the rail car. Various programmable electronic controls can be added to the braking system for allowing control at a central location.

Abstract: A brake apparatus for a rotating shaft. The apparatus comprises a fluid-tight housing in which is disposed a shaft rotational engagement gear having an exteriorly-accessible portion thereof rotatably engageable with a shaft. A plurality of compartments are formed by a plurality of walls within the housing, and the compartments are in fluid communication with each other through openable and closable valves. The housing is substantially filled with a fluid which is flowable through the valves in direct relation to the openness of the valves. A plurality of compartment-divider rotational gears are disposed inside the housing. These compartment-divider gears are rotatably engaged with the shaft rotational gear and are situated in cooperation with the walls forming the compartments to create at their respective sites restriction seals between the compartments.

Abstract: A hydraulic brake coupled to a rotary shaft including a hydraulic pump connected to the shaft, the pump having a pump inlet, and a pump outlet, a hydraulic loop having an inlet part connected to the pump outlet and an outlet part connected to the pump inlet, a flow control device positioned in the hydraulic loop between the inlet outlet parts for controlling flow of hydraulic fluid in the hydraulic loop, and a brake actuator connected to the flow control device for reducing the flow of hydraulic fluid in response to operation of the brake actuator.

Abstract: A retarder control embodying the concepts of the present invention utilizes a spool valve having a spool valve member axially translatable between an on- and an off-position. A spring is employed to bias the spool valve member toward its off-position. A torque converter, a cooler and a retarder each have an input and an output that are ported through the spool valve. The retarder is selectively ported to a hydraulic return through the spool valve, and a modulating solenoid may be employed to feed pressurized hydraulic fluid against the spool valve member not only to move the spool valve member against the spring toward its on-position but also to regulate the axial translation of the spool valve member in order to control the pressure at the retarder discharge that is also ported through the spool valve. A cooler communicates directly with the converter when the spool valve member is in its off-position.

Abstract: A tripod head comprises a panning braking device having a plurality of braking units with different braking forces which is supported on a panning shaft, and a torque switchover mechanism allowing to freely switch over torque on the side of said braking units; a weight balancer having a plurality of spring units, in which one or a plurality of spiral springs with different elastic forces are incorporated, supported on a tilting shaft and a righting moment switchover mechanism allowing to freely switch over a righting moment against the tilting on the sides of the spring units; a tilting braking device having a plurality of braking units with different braking forces which is supported on said tilting shaft, and a torque switchover mechanism allowing to freely switch over torque on the sides of the braking units; and a sliding plate device having a set spring capable of freely floating and sinking, said set spring being in contact with one of the side end surfaces of the sliding plate for securing a device suc

Abstract: In a vibration damper for a motor vehicle a flow path connecting a working chamber of the cylinder with a damping behavior control unit is confined by a flow path tube surrounding the cylinder. The flow path tube is provided adjacent its axial end portions with bead-shaped grooves accommodating respective sealing rings. These sealing rings are according to an illustrated example of the invention in engagement with an external surface of the cylinder. The bead-shaped grooves are obtained by non-cutting machining.

Abstract: A system for effecting the braking of a vehicle. The system is intended to be used with a vehicle which has an axle coaxial with a wheel engaging the surface over which the vehicle travels and which is rotatable with that wheel. The braking system includes a closed hydraulic circuit and a pump in the circuit which has an impeller rotatable by the axle as the vehicle moves over the surface. The invention includes structure for selectively, and sequentially, increasing the restriction of flow through the hydraulic circuit so that, as flow is restricted, a back-pressure is induced in the pump to apply a drag to the axle in a measure commensurate to the amount the flow is restricted.

Abstract: The invention concerns a hydrodynamic retarder with a cooling circuit for the working fluid, which cooling circuit is divided into two partial flows of different cross sectional areas, between the outlet and inlet to the retarder, wherein both partial flows are separately cooled in a common heat exchanger. This assures that a small amount of working fluid will flow through the retarder after completion of the braking process, causing an aftercooling. Moreover, this assures that the retarder is more swiftly filled after a braking instruction, and a valve combination is employed for that purpose at the entrance to the retarder. Spring-loaded check valves in the line for the larger partial flow ensure a dependable circulation of the working fluid to and from the receiver.

Abstract: A brake system comprises an impeller selectively connected to a propeller shaft of a vehicle for consuming energy of the engine and applying a brake force to the propeller shaft, an impeller housing for rotatably housing the impeller and defining an air passage for introducing/discharging external air to/from the impeller, a throttle valve disposed in the air passage upstream of the impeller for adjusting the air flow rate in the air passage, and a negative pressure actuator for moving the throttle valve in accordance with the air flow rate in the air passage. The throttle valve is moved by the negative pressure actuator in accordance with the air flow rate in the air passage. In other words, the brake system adjusts the brake force mechanically by itself in a manner such that an excessive brake force is never applied to the propeller shaft. The brake system does not require a cooling device and only requires a simple arrangement for controlling the brake force.

Abstract: A hydraulic retarder and control composed of an accumulator, for rapid filling of the retarder; a pulse valve, for controlling fluid flow to and from the accumulator; a regulator valve, for limiting the inlet pressure to the retarder; and a pair of check valves, for preventing fluid flow from the retarder to a pressure source and from the retarder to the accumulator. The pulse valve is controllable to provide rapid filling of the retarder, while the regulator valve will direct fluid from a secondary source to the retarder and control the pressure at the retarder inlet. The accumulator is filled from the main pressure source, between retard requests, at a rate that does not disturb the main transmission pressure level. One of the check valves and the pulse valve prevent the fluid in the accumulator from returning to the system other than when a retard request is present.

Abstract: A hydrodynamic retarder suitable for use as a supplementary brake on trucks consists of a rotor wheel 20 fixed to an output shaft and a stator wheel 21. Movable blades 24 are attached to edges of blades 30 of the stator wheel 21 facing toward the rotor wheel 20. The movable blades 24 are biased by spring members to prevent air flowing into the stator wheel 21, but allow working oil to flow into the stator wheel 21. The movable blades 24 and spring members are provided internally of a torus defined by the stator wheel and provide an efficient hydrodynamic retarder of reduced weight and cost.

Abstract: A hydraulic retarder has a control valve mechanism with a regulator valve for controlling the pressure of the fluid delivered to the retarder as a function of operator demand and an operating parameter of the retarder. The regulator valve has an opening pressure bias that is determined by a retarder signal valve which is responsive to an operator input and a closing pressure bias determined by the outlet pressure of the retarder.

Abstract: A drive arrangement for a commercial motor vehicle has a variable-speed transmission in which a brake is provided. The brake is formed as a radial-piston pump in which the piston under the control of the control pressure can be selectively coupled with a lifting element driven by a small gear meshing with a large gear on a driven shaft of the transmission.

Abstract: A hydrodynamic retarder is revealed having a rotor blade wheel and a stator blade wheel each with two different types of blading, i.e. an inner blading enclosed by an outer blading. The two blade rings are provided with blades inclined in opposite directions. This allows said retarder to be operated in both directions of rotation. A particularly advantageous development of the invention is that the retarder is operated as a counter-rotating retarder, whereby the stator is rotated in the opposite direction by means of a reversing gear. Thus, a vehicle can be hydrodynamically braked almost to standstill. When integrating the retarder into a rail vehicle, the rotor can be driven by the wheel sets separately from the stator. An identical braking effect is obtained in both directions of travel.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hydrodynamic retarder having two independent operating circuits. Opposite a double rotor on the one hand is a stator fixed to a housing, and the rows of vanes concerned are inclined. The other half of the rotor forms with a rotatable stator and a second operating circuit having rows of blades equally effective in both rotational directions. The stator of this second operating circuit can be coupled via a gear unit and a coupling device to the retarder shaft. The gear unit drives the stator in a direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the rotor and with step-up transmission. When braking from a high travelling speed, only the first operating circuit is effective, the stator of the second operating circuit is released by the retarder shaft and freely rotates as well without any braking action.

Abstract: The invention relates to a rotary electrohydraulic device of the volumetrical pump type having stator and rotor as well as vanes axially slidable in said rotor. According to the invention, the intermediary space between the rotor and the stator has an axial longitudinal circulary variable interval partly defined by a continuous stator bottom surface of a constant width, said slidable vanes coming to bear constantly and totally on said continuous bottom surface, which is single for a considered set of said vanes. The device according to the invention is mainly applicable as a brake or slackening means but can also work as a motor and a pump.

Abstract: A hydraulic brake system for ground driven wheels of a trailer includes a rotatable shaft driven by the wheels which in turn drives an axial piston hydraulic pump with a closed loop circuit with pressure control device for controlling the pressure within the circuit for controlling the load on the pump and, hence, the braking of the wheels. The system includes pressurized air control of a metering valve within the hydraulic circuit for controlling the pressure therein and includes air override of the hydraulic pressure for enabling the normally disabled pump.

Abstract: A continuously adjustable braking system for a trotter exercising cart. Hydraulic pumps are connected to the wheels of the cart, and wheel rotation causes the pumps to pump oil from a reservoir through pipes and an adjustable valve and back to the reservoir. The valve can be adjusted by the driver while the cart is moving to provide the desired degree of resistance to oil flow and hence of braking force.

Abstract: An electrohydraulic rotary brake comprises an inner core, at least one energizing winding, a cylindrical amagnetic insert and an annular part outside the core and the insert. A cylindrical bore is excentric with respect to the cylindrical peripheral surface of the insert, recesses being provided with magnetizable sliding vanes and a brake fluid. On a rotary shaft, are mounted lateral flanges in fluid-tight manner, the inner core being fast to the rotary shaft and to the insert, all three being arranged so as to constitute a rotor for the brake. The annular part outside the core and the insert constitutes an annular stator to which the lateral flanges are fixed and with the bore excentric with respect to the peripheral surface of the insert constituting the outer part of the rotor.

Abstract: A brake system which utilizes a disc movably mounted on a rotating member such as a shaft, wheel hub or an axle, so that the disc may be tilted at an obtuse angle to the rotating member. A caliper forming two or more hydraulic cylinders and holding associated pistons is mounted adjacent the disc with the ends of the pistons being positioned on opposite sides of the disc. Friction pads are secured to the ends of the pistons. A master cylinder communicates with the caliper held cylinders through a fluid circuit. The fluid circuit includes a direct line leading to the master cylinder, a by-pass line leading to the master cylinder and a line leading from the cylinders of one side to the cylinders of the other side. A one way check valve is positioned in the direct line leading to the master cylinder and a shut-off valve is positioned in the by-pass line.