Abstract: A front fork includes a tubular outer tube, a tubular inner tube which is provided inside the outer tube and is relatively movably connected to the outer tube, and a connecting member which connects a wheel and the inner tube. The inner tube has a first contact portion which has a first surface and comes into contact with the connecting member. The connecting member includes a second contact portion having a second surface and coming into contact with the first contact portion and a space forming portion which forms a space in an axial direction in a state where the first surface of the first contact portion and the second surface of the second contact portion are in contact with each other.

Abstract: An aircraft landing gear actuation system which uses two separate actuation forces to retract aircraft landing gear is disclosed. One of the actuation forces may be provided by an actuator, such as a hydraulic actuator. Another of these actuation forces may be provided by a pressurized fluid that is directed into the actuator through a conduit that extends into a hollow interior of an actuator rod of the actuator. The pressurized fluid may be provided from a pressurized fluid source that contains a fixed volume of pressurized fluid. This pressurized fluid may exert a force on an actuator piston of the actuator or the actuator rod. The pressurized fluid may also be used to dampen the deployment of the landing gear.

Abstract: A breather for a vibration generating device includes a center passage extending from an inner portion to an outer portion of a vibration generating shaft, an inner opening portion in an outer circumferential surface of the inner portion, an intake opening portion in a surface of the outer portion, an exhaust opening portion, an inner passage causing the center passage and the inner opening portion to communicate with each other, an intake passage causing the center passage and the intake opening portion to communicate with each other, and an exhaust passage causing the center passage and the exhaust opening portion to communicate with each other, an intake valve that opens in a case in which a pressure in the casing becomes negative disposed inside the intake passage, and an exhaust valve that opens in a case in which a pressure in the casing becomes positive disposed inside the exhaust passage.

Abstract: A shock absorber including: a first cylinder having an interior, first and second ends and defining an axis, wherein the interior includes a damping fluid chamber and a damping piston movably mounted therein for movement between the first and second ends, wherein the damping piston is mounted on a first end of a shaft, wherein the first end of the shaft is movably retained within the interior of the first cylinder; first and second bypass openings configured for opening into the damping fluid chamber at first and second axially spaced-apart positions; a bypass channel fluidly coupling the first and second bypass openings; a fluid metering valve; and a floating piston dividing a portion of the shock absorber into a gas chamber and the reservoir chamber, wherein the fluid metering valve and the floating piston define the reservoir chamber there between.

Abstract: A mechanical bypass for a shock assembly is disclosed herein. The assembly has a damper chamber having a compression portion and a rebound portion. There is further an external reservoir in fluid communication with the rebound portion of the damper chamber via a flow path. A valve is coupled with the flow path, the valve to meter a flow of the working fluid through the flow path. A bypass port to the external reservoir is provided in the flow path and bypasses the valve. A mechanical relief valve is provided in the bypass port to block a fluid flow though the bypass port until a blow-off pressure that is higher than a normal operating pressure and less than a burst pressure of the damping chamber is provided thereon.

Abstract: A shock-absorber has a cylindrical body having an inner and an outer cylindrical tubes enclosing a reservoir chamber containing oil, and a rod. A piston divides the internal volume of the inner cylindrical tube into a rebound chamber and a compression chamber. The cylindrical body has an intermediate cylindrical tube enclosing with the inner cylindrical tube an intermediate chamber. A first electronically-controlled valve is arranged inside the inner cylindrical tube, so as to be drivingly connected to the rod, and hydraulically connected to the rebound chamber and to the compression chamber to adjust, during rebound phase, flow of the damping fluid from the rebound chamber to the compression chamber.

Abstract: A continuously variable damper is disclosed. The damper includes an elongate outer tube and inner tube with a piston in the inner tube. The piston defines a rebound working chamber and compression working chamber. An active rebound valve is in fluid communication with the rebound working chamber through a rebound down tube, and an active compression valve is in fluid communication with the compression working chamber through a compression down tube. An intake compression valve is in fluid communication with the rebound working chamber through the rebound down tube, and an intake rebound valve is in fluid communication with the compression working chamber through the compression down tube. The opposite position of the intake valves balance the active rebound and compression valves to avoid asymmetric/bending loads on the inner tube in the damper.

Abstract: A hydraulic damper assembly comprises a main tube defining a fluid chamber. An external tube extends about the main tube defining a compensation chamber between the main and external tubes. A main piston, located in the main tube, divides the fluid chamber into a compression chamber and a rebound chamber. A piston rod couples to the main piston. A base valve, located in the compression chamber, couples to the main tube. A hydraulic compression stop, located in the compression chamber, includes an additional piston, an insert, and a fixing member. The additional piston couples to the main piston. The insert, located in the compression chamber, couples to the base valve. The insert has a main section and a terminal section. The terminal section having an external diameter that is less than an external diameter of the main section.

Abstract: A vibration damper for a motor vehicle includes an outer tube and an inner tube arranged coaxially within the outer tube. A guide unit closes the outer tube and the inner tube in each case at a first end. A bottom unit has a bottom valve. The bottom unit is arranged at a second end of the inner tube. The outer tube and the inner tube are deformed plastically, such that the guide unit is connected in a positively locking manner to the outer tube and the inner tube, and the inner tube being deformed plastically, such that the bottom unit is connected in a positively locking manner to the inner tube, and/or the outer tube and the inner tube is connected in an integrally joined manner to the guide unit, and the inner tube being connected in an integrally joined manner to the bottom unit.

Abstract: An energy absorbing strut having, a first end coupled with an inner cylinder, and a second end connected with a hollow rod extending within the inner cylinder. A piston is carried by the rod having an outer surface sealing against an inside diameter of the inner cylinder and forming a compression chamber and a rebound chamber bounded by the piston, the rod having an internal passageway communicating between the compression chamber and the rebound chamber. An inertial mass carried by the rod movable axially on the rod between a closed position against and annular rod passageway and an open position opening the rod passageway and allowing the flow of a hydraulic fluid between the compression chamber and the rebound chamber. A spring acts on the inertial mass biasing the inertial mass toward the closed position. The energy absorbing strut may be used in a blast mitigation system for a military vehicle or other applications for providing shock isolation between two structures.

Abstract: A rod guide assembly for a shock absorber includes a sintered metal rod guide and a seal. The sintered metal rod guide has a seat. The seal is disposed in the seat and secured to the sintered metal rod guide with a plurality of stake holds.

Abstract: An assembly for damping switching movements has a housing, which physically surrounds at least one piston, and which at least partly physically surrounds at least one rod. The rod is movable relative to the housing. The piston delimits a first fluid volume, which is fluidically connected to a second fluid volume by way of a throughflow opening. The rod is formed at one end as a hollow tube and physically surrounds the first fluid volume. The piston is guided in the hollow-tubular end of the at least one rod. A method for damping switching movements in a high-voltage circuit breaker includes decreasing a damping rate of the assembly for damping in a period in the time profile of the switching movement, in particular after a previous increase in the damping rate during the switching movement.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for a damper. The damper comprises a fluid chamber having a piston dividing the chamber into a compression and rebound sides, a reservoir in fluid communication with the compression side of the chamber, and an isolator disposed between the compression side and the reservoir, whereby the isolator obstructs fluid flow between the compression side and the reservoir. In one embodiment, a bypass provides a fluid path between the compression side and the isolator.

Abstract: A linear energy harvesting device that includes a housing and a piston that moves at least partially through the housing when it is compressed or extended from a rest position. When the piston moves, hydraulic fluid is pressurized and drives a hydraulic motor. The hydraulic motor drives an electric generator that produces electricity. Both the motor and generator are central to the device housing. Exemplary configurations are disclosed such as monotube, twin-tube, tri-tube and rotary based designs that each incorporates an integrated energy harvesting apparatus. By varying the electrical characteristics on an internal generator, the kinematic characteristics of the energy harvesting apparatus can be dynamically altered. In another mode, the apparatus can be used as an actuator to create linear movement.

Abstract: An electronic valve assembly for a vehicle suspension damper is described in which a first electronic valve is disposed along a fluid flow path extending between a compression region of a damping cylinder and a fluid reservoir chamber. The first electronic valve controls flow of fluid from the compression region into the fluid reservoir chamber. A second electronic valve is disposed along a fluid flow path extending between a rebound region of the damping cylinder and the compression region. The second electronic valve controls flow of fluid from the rebound region into the compression. The first electronic valve does not reside in the fluid flow path extending from the rebound region into the compression region, and the second electronic valve does not reside in the fluid flow path extending from the compression region into the fluid reservoir chamber.

Abstract: A suspension strut for a wheel suspension of a vehicle may have a vibration damper, a supporting spring that partially surrounds an outer tube of the vibration damper and is supported by a spring collar, and a lifting device for height adjustment of the vehicle. The lifting device may comprise a hollow piston and a cylinder that are arranged concentrically around the outer tube. The hollow piston may be guided axially between the outer tube and the cylinder and is connected to the spring collar to adjust a base point of the supporting spring. The hollow piston may comprise a stripping and sealing element that lies against the vibration damper.

Abstract: Solar tracker systems include a torque tube, a column supporting the torque tube, a solar panel attached to the torque tube, and a damper assembly. The damper assembly includes an outer shell surrounding an inner shell. A piston is at least partially positioned within the inner shell and moveable relative thereto. An active lock of the damper assembly includes a housing positioned within the outer shell. The housing defines a cavity and a housing channel extending from the cavity to an outer fluid channel. A shaft extends into the cavity and a valve assembly is attached to the shaft. The shaft is rotatable within the cavity between an unsealed position in which the housing channel is in fluid communication with the cavity, and a sealed position in which the valve assembly is rotationally aligned with the housing channel and obstructs fluid communication between the cavity and the housing channel.

Abstract: Shock absorbers having internal jounce control are disclosed. An example shock absorber disclosed herein includes an inner tube defining a cavity and an outer tube surrounding the inner tube to define a reservoir between the inner tube and the outer tube. The cavity is in fluid communication with the reservoir. A jounce bumper is positioned in the reservoir between the inner tube and the outer tube.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for a shock absorber for a vehicle having a gas spring with first and second gas chambers, wherein the first chamber is utilized during a first travel portion of the shock absorber and the first and second chambers are both utilized during a second portion of travel. In one embodiment, a travel adjustment assembly is configured to selectively communicate a first gas chamber with a negative gas chamber.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a shock absorber includes inserting a floating piston into a tube, disposing oil into the tube, and inserting a piston-rod assembly into the tube. The piston-rod assembly has a piston coupled to a rod. The method includes inserting a rod guide assembly into the tube. The rod guide assembly includes a sintered metal rod guide having a seat and a seal disposed in the seat. The rod extends through the seal. The method also includes deforming a wall of the tube into engagement with the sintered metal rod guide to provide a piston-cylinder assembly and inhibit axial movement of the rod guide assembly relative to the tube. The method further includes pressurizing the piston-cylinder assembly and forming a flange portion of the tube over an upper surface of the sintered metal rod guide.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for a vehicle suspension system gas spring. In one embodiment, a vehicle suspension system gas spring includes a compressible main gas chamber and an additional volume combinable with the main chamber to change a gas spring rate of the system. In one embodiment, a low friction piston seal is created by a flexible seal member.

Abstract: A buffer includes a first seal portion, a second seal portion, a washer, and a bent portion. An annular body is provided between the washer and a rod guide, the first seal portion is provided on the inner peripheral side of the washer, or the inner peripheral side of the annular body, and the rod guide and an outer cylinder are radially spaced apart from each other at least on one end side of the outer cylinder. The outer peripheral side of the annular body has a bent portion bent and extending to the portion where the rod guide and the outer cylinder are radially spaced apart from each other, and the second seal portion is provided on the outer peripheral side of the bent portion.

Abstract: A damper with inner and outer tubes and a piston disposed within the inner tube to define first and second working chambers. A fluid transport chamber is positioned between the inner and outer tubes. A collector chamber is positioned outside the outer tube. An intake valve assembly, abutting one end of the inner tube, is positioned inside the outer tube. An accumulator insert with an open end abutting the intake valve assembly is positioned inside the outer tube. The accumulator insert includes an accumulator sleeve, a floating piston, and a pressurized chamber. The floating piston is disposed inside the accumulator sleeve and the pressurized chamber is positioned between the floating piston and a closed end of the accumulator sleeve. An accumulation chamber is positioned between the intake valve assembly and the floating piston and the accumulator sleeve includes one or more apertures arranged in fluid communication with the collector chamber.

Abstract: A damper includes a cylinder in which a working fluid is enclosed, a piston which is slidably inserted into the cylinder, a piston rod which is connected with the piston, a disk valve which is provided to restrict a flow of a working fluid caused by sliding of the piston and to close an opening portion of a tubular case member, an annular seal portion which is provided on at least one surface side of the disk valve, and a chamber which is partitioned by the disk valve and the seal portion. Recessed portions and projecting portions are alternately formed in the disk valve.

Abstract: A shock absorber including a pressure tube, a piston assembly slidably disposed within the pressure tube, and a fluid transfer tube that extends about the pressure tube is provided. The piston assembly divides an inner volume of the pressure tube into first and second working chambers. An intermediate chamber between the pressure tube and the fluid transfer tube is arranged in fluid communication with the first working chamber. A valve assembly is disposed in fluid communication with the intermediate chamber and the second working chamber. The valve assembly controls fluid flow between the intermediate chamber and the second working chamber. At least part of the intermediate chamber is formed by a fluid transfer channel that extends longitudinally within the fluid transfer tube to provide a fluid flow path extending between the first working chamber and the valve assembly.

Abstract: A hydraulic shock absorber includes a control valve. The control valve includes a valve seat formed with a closing face, a valve body configured to come into contact with the closing face, and a valve shaft configured to transmit an operation force applied from a driving unit to the valve body. The control valve is defined with an upstream side flow channel extending from an inlet coupled to the upper end opening, via a space in which the valve body moves, to the closing face, and a downstream side flow channel extending from the closing face to an outlet. The control valve is disposed above the cylinder so that a central axis of the valve shaft is inclined relative to a central axis of the vehicle body side tube and the wheel side tube.

Abstract: A shock absorber with a pressure tube, a reserve tube, and a piston slidably disposed within the pressure tube to define first and second working chambers. A reservoir chamber is positioned between the pressure tube and the reserve tube. A damper baffle tube, positioned in the reservoir chamber, defines a baffle tube chamber between the pressure tube and the damper baffle tube. One or more electromechanical valves are positioned in fluid communication with the first working chamber and the baffle tube chamber. The damper baffle tube includes a compliant portion that has a sealing surface configured to move into and out of contact with the pressure tube in response to fluctuations in fluid pressure in the baffle tube chamber so as to form a check valve that holds a constrained volume of hydraulic fluid in the baffle tube chamber.

Abstract: A shock absorber includes a pressure tube forming a working chamber. A reserve tube is concentric with and radially outward from the pressure tube. A baffle is positioned radially outward from the pressure tube. A reservoir chamber is formed between the reserve tube and the baffle. A piston is attached to a piston rod and slidably disposed within the pressure tube. A rod guide is attached to the pressure tube and supports the piston rod. An electromechanical valve is positioned within the rod guide. A plurality of non-linear passageways are disposed between the baffle and at least one of the pressure tube and the reserve tube for transporting fluid between the electromechanical valve and the reservoir chamber.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for a shock absorber for a vehicle having a gas spring with first and second gas chambers, wherein the first chamber is utilized during a first travel portion of the shock absorber and the first and second chambers are both utilized during a second portion of travel. In one embodiment, a travel adjustment assembly is configured to selectively communicate a first gas chamber with a negative gas chamber.

Abstract: A vehicle damper is described. The vehicle damper includes: a cylinder; a piston within the cylinder; a working fluid within the cylinder; a reservoir in fluid communication with the cylinder via the working fluid, the reservoir operable to receive the working fluid from the cylinder in a compression stroke; a valve in a flow path between the cylinder and the reservoir; and a remotely-operable valve having a position allowing the working fluid to significantly by-pass the valve.

Abstract: A vibration damper for a motor vehicle with a hydraulic unit and at least one valve for controlling the volume flow to the hydraulic unit, wherein the at least one valve and the hydraulic unit are arranged outside of the tube elements of the vibration damper and a motor vehicle including such vibration damper.

Abstract: Valve for a vibration damper having a valve housing and a valve slide movable in the valve housing to at least partially close at least one flow path of a fluid flowing through the valve. The valve has an input side and an output side. Pressure impingement surfaces of the valve slide are substantially equal for an opening pressure and for a closing pressure, and the valve slide has a restriction through which a pressure difference between opening pressure and closing pressure can be generated.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for a damper. The damper comprises a fluid chamber having a piston dividing the chamber into a compression and rebound sides, a reservoir in fluid communication with the compression side of the chamber, and an isolator disposed between the compression side and the reservoir, whereby the isolator obstructs fluid flow between the compression side and the reservoir. In one embodiment, a bypass provides a fluid path between the compression side and the isolator.

Abstract: A clutch pedal vibration reduction apparatus configured for adjusting damping force, may include a vibration absorbing damper for absorbing vibration transmitted to a clutch pedal, wherein a space is formed in the vibration absorbing damper, an internal thread is formed at an inlet, and a damping force adjusting device for adjusting damping force is thread-coupled to the internal thread inside the space.

Abstract: In a motor vehicle chassis, at least one wheel suspension, which comprises a spring in the form of a coil spring, has associated therewith a hydraulic height adjustment device having a cylinder-piston arrangement which acts on a base point of the coil spring. The cylinder-piston arrangement can be supplied by a decentral hydraulic aggregate which is associated with the relevant wheel and comprises a storage container for hydraulic fluid and a hydraulic pump driven by an electric motor. At least the electric motor of the hydraulic aggregate is situated within the coil spring.

Abstract: A vibration damper is provided for a vehicle, preferably for a motor vehicle, having a wheel carrier made of metal for rotatably receiving a wheel, a damper tube arrangement at least partly made of a fiber-reinforced plastic for forming a damper fluid volume, a piston which is guided in the damper tube arrangement and includes a piston rod. The damper tube arrangement is rigidly connected to the wheel carrier and the piston rod can be connected to a body of the vehicle. A wheel carrier fluid volume is formed in the wheel carrier and which is connected to the damper fluid volume. The fluid in the wheel carrier fluid volume is in direct contact with the metal of the wheel carrier in order to transfer heat.

Abstract: In a motor vehicle chassis, all four wheel suspensions each have associated therewith a hydraulic height adjustment device having a cylinder-piston arrangement which acts on a base point of the relevant spring and is supplied by a decentral hydraulic aggregate. The hydraulic height adjustment devices each comprise a complex, integrated electrohydraulic adjustment assembly comprising the allocated hydraulic aggregate and the associated cylinder-piston arrangement and having a specific adapter into which the allocated cylinder-piston arrangement is integrated in such a way that there are no exposed hydraulic lines between the allocated hydraulic pump and the associated cylinder-piston arrangement. The front wheel height adjustment devices and the rear wheel height adjustment devices differ in terms of the adapter.

Abstract: A vibration damper with at least with at least two tube elements that are arranged one inside the other and a piston rod that is movable in a piston rod guide. A valve having a valve slide for at least partially closing at least one flow path of a fluid flowing through the valve is arranged in a region of one end of the piston rod guide. The valve has an input side and an output side. Pressure impingement areas of the valve slide are substantially the same size for an opening pressure and for a closing pressure, and the valve has a constriction via which a pressure difference between opening pressure and closing pressure can be generated.

Abstract: The hydraulic stop member comprises: a cup-shaped body mounted in a compression chamber of the shock-absorber. A piston is mounted at an end of a rod of the shock-absorber so as to slide in the cup-shaped body when the shock-absorber is close to an end-of-travel position of the compression stroke. The cup-shaped body includes a side wall and a bottom wall which define, along with the piston, a working chamber where a damping fluid of the shock-absorber is compressed by the piston. A bypass conduit connects a working chamber with the portion of the compression chamber placed above a seal ring. A pressure relief valve keeps the bypass conduit closed as long as the pressure in the working chamber remains below a given threshold value and to open the bypass conduit, thereby allowing the discharge of the damping fluid from the working chamber to the compression chamber through the bypass conduit, when the pressure in the working chamber exceeds the threshold value.

Abstract: A shock absorber includes a first end and a second end that reciprocate relative to one another. The shock absorber includes a gas spring chamber, a damping chamber, and a floating piston. The first side of the floating piston is in fluid communication with the gas spring chamber. The second side of the floating piston is in fluid communication with the damping chamber. The gas in the gas spring chamber applies pressure against the floating piston, which applies pressure to the substantially incompressible fluid in the damping chamber. This pressure transfer may be adequate to minimize or prevent cavitation.

Abstract: A piston section includes a valve seat that forms a first compression-side oil path through which oil flows in accordance with relative movement of a piston rod against a first cylinder, a first compression-side valve section that performs opening-closing of the first compression-side oil path of the valve seat, an inner annular section annularly formed as projecting in the axial direction of the valve seat from the valve seat toward the first compression-side valve, and an extending section that extends in the radial direction of the valve seat from an outer side of the inner annular section to a position at the inner side from a second oil path opening of the first compression-side oil path and projects in the axial direction from the valve seat toward the first compression-side valve section.

Abstract: A hydraulic strut system that damps vehicle vibration and includes a compressible fluid, a strut, and a valve plate. The strut includes three concentric tubes defining an inner cavity, an intermediary cavity, and an outer reservoir cavity, the inner cavity and intermediary cavity being fluidly coupled, wherein the inner cavity receives a piston that divides the inner cavity into a first volume and a second volume, the piston having an aperture that allows one way flow from the first volume to the second volume. The valve plate is removably coupled to the strut, and includes a first fluid path that allows one-way fluid flow from the intermediary cavity to the reservoir cavity, the first fluid path including a damping valve that damps fluid flowing therethrough; and a second fluid path that allows one-way fluid flow from the reservoir cavity to the inner cavity, the second fluid path further including a replenishment valve.

Abstract: A hydraulic device includes a tubular housing, inside of which a rod is jointly attached to a piston separating upper and lower areas which hold hydraulic fluid so that, as the piston and rod move, the piston and the rod move together relatively and axially inside the tubular housing, displacing the hydraulic fluid inside the tubular housing, flowing from one of the upper and lower areas to the other of the upper and lower areas, and thus changing the respective volumes inside the upper and lower areas. The hydraulic device further includes a modular mechanism located inside the lower area that regulates shock absorption at a maximum level of compression of the hydraulic device, as well as in other relative positions.

Abstract: A brake actuator comprises a housing having an end wall and a pushrod projecting through an opening in the end wall and terminating at a movable plate in the housing. A spring is enclosed in the housing and surrounds the pushrod. At least one unitary resilient member is disposed on the push rod proximate to the end wall and partially extends through the opening for centering the spring around an axis of the pushrod and restricting contamination into the housing. The unitary resilient member comprises a central aperture and an annular flange surrounding the central aperture. At least one section of a collar radially outward from the annular flange has a thickness less than half of the annular flange thickness for constraining movement of the spring and the push rod in a radial direction.

Abstract: A shock absorber has a housing with a piston rod assembly disposed therein. A first rod guide member is secured within a first portion of the housing so as to be concentrically disposed about at least a portion of the piston rod assembly. A second rod guide member is secured within the housing adjacent the first rod guide member so as to be concentrically disposed about at least another portion of the piston rod assembly. A digital valve assembly is disposed within the second rod guide member and fluidly couples chambers within the shock absorber.

Abstract: To achieve the object described above, a shock absorber to solve the problem of the present invention includes a cover that covers an outer periphery of a cylinder which a reaction force air chamber forming member is slid ably in contact with, so that a slidable movement surface of the cylinder on which the reaction force air chamber forming member slidably moves is protected by the cover. Therefore, the slidable movement surface of the cylinder is not damaged by being hit by a flying stone or the like, an air tight property of the reaction force air chamber is maintained, and characteristics of an air spring included in the shock absorber do not change.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a shock absorber having a pressure tube which defines a fluid chamber, and a piston assembly. The piston assembly is disposed within the fluid chamber and divides the fluid chamber into upper and lower working chambers. A reserve tube surrounds the pressure tube to define a reservoir chamber between the reserve tube and the pressure tube. The pressure tube is disposed between a rod guide assembly and a lower mount. A structural integrity of the pressure tube is greater than a structural integrity of the reserve tube, and the pressure tube further operates as a principal load bearing component for the shock absorber.

Abstract: A method includes detecting at least one position measurement of a separator piston of a pitch trim actuator. The method includes detecting at least one pressure measurement of a gas. The method includes detecting at least one temperature measurement of the gas. The method includes storing at least one position value based on the at least one position measurement of the separator piston, at least one pressure value based on the at least one pressure measurement of the gas and at least one temperature value based on the at least one temperature measurement of the gas. The method includes determining a volume of an oil within an oil chamber of the pitch trim actuator and a pressure of the gas within the gas chamber of the pitch trim actuator, based on the at least one position value, the at least one pressure value and the at least one temperature value.

Abstract: A vehicular dust cover assembly including: an upper support; a bound stopper and a dust cover assembled to the upper support; and an engaging step provided on an outer circumferential surface of the bound stopper. A top end part of the dust cover is externally fit to a top end part of the bound stopper. The upper support includes an outer metal fitting having a fitting recess within which the top end part of the bound stopper is fit and assembled. An engaging projection is provided projecting on an inner surface of the fitting recess to be engaged with the engaging step with the dust cover interposed therebetween. The bound stopper includes an axial pushing operation surface exposed facing axially downward which is provided at a lower side than the engaging step and at a position inside the fitting recess.

Abstract: A shock absorber is disclosed having a secondary dampening assembly for dampening movement of an inner assembly within the shock absorber. The secondary dampening assembly includes a hydraulic stop piston and a hydraulic stop sleeve. The hydraulic stop piston is carried by an extender with a gap defined radially between the hydraulic stop piston and the extender to allow radial movement. The hydraulic stop sleeve has an open end for receiving the hydraulic stop piston and a flow groove that extends longitudinally along an inner surface of the hydraulic stop sleeve.