Abstract: The present invention is a method of cleaning an object in an open aqueous cleaning system. The method is directed to an open cleaning vessel into which water used for cleaning a material or object can be introduced. A means is provided for introducing a reactant chemical to the vessel to form an aqueous solution. Cleaning of the surface is in the form of bubble formation on the part that vaporizes the chemical in order to react the oxidizer in the vapor state to the exposed surface at the bubble growth area. Treatment in the form of etching or any other process in which material is removed from a solid surface displaces the liquid residue from the surface. The resulting process produces no dissolution or emulsion of the contaminant and therefore can be easily separated from the chemical cleaner. The process also conserves chemistry, water, energy, and reduces pollution.

Abstract: A bookmark includes a seamless elastic band which is stretchable to loop around a group of pages in a book and around a cover of the book in order to identify a page place in the book. The band includes a slider thereon which has a front surface are that receives an image which is on one side of a sticker. When a bookmark is placed on a book, the slide is moveable along the elastic band while the elastic band is stationary, so that the slider can be placed at different locations on the cover of the book.

Abstract: A holographic optical element (HOE) device is mounted in wireless optical telecommunication system transceiver. The HOE device includes a developed emulsion material having an interference pattern recorded thereon, sandwiched between a pair of elements, such as a pair of clear glass plates. In operation, the HOE device uses the recorded interference pattern to diffract received light rays towards an optical processing unit of the system receiver. A transmitter unit can be positioned at least in part behind the HOE device. An opening in the emulsion material allows a light signal transmitted from the transmitter unit to be substantially unaffected by the recorded interference pattern. The transceiver can also include a spotting scope and an alignment beacon.

Abstract: A device for opening flocculent fibrous materials, including a housing and a supply connection pipe having an end extending into a lower portion of the housing for introducing into the housing a negative pressure transport air current conveying fiber flocks. A hollow cylinder is provided that has one end connected to the end of the supply connection pipe, an open end opposite to the one end, and a diameter larger than a diameter of the end of the supply connection pipe. The hollow cylinder forms an annular chamber within the housing. The device further includes a discharge connection pipe connectable to the housing for discharging the fibrous material. The housing, supply connection pipe, hollow cylinder and discharge connection pipe collectively define a pneumatic conveying path for the fibrous material. Additionally provided is a drivable opening disc disposed within the housing and positioned at a distance from and parallel to the open end of the hollow cylinder to extend across the open end.

Abstract: A method and machine for forming nonwoven batts containing refractory fibers such as carbon, glass, ceramic or metallic fibers, includes a conveying table (12) provided with scalloped rollers (90, 92) which separate tows of filaments (16) and spread the filaments on a conveying table. A feed roller (80) holds the filaments on the table so that they are conveyed to a rotating lickerin (60). The lickerin (60) is provided with teeth (62) which grasp the filaments so that a tensile force is applied thereto, thereby breaking the filaments at structurally weak points in the filaments. The fibers are mixed with textile fibers and transferred to a foraminous condenser (144) by blowing the fibers through a duct (112). The fibers are arranged on the conveyor (114) in a random fashion to form a batt.