Abstract: System and method for error amplification and processing. For example, the system includes: a signal processing unit configured to receive a reference signal and a feedback signal and generate a digital pulse signal, a frequency of the digital pulse signal being associated with a difference between the reference signal and the feedback signal; a counter configured to receive the digital pulse signal and generate a counter output signal based on at least information associated with the digital pulse signal; and a digital-to-analog converter configured to receive the counter output signal and generate an output signal based on at least information associated with the counter output signal.

Abstract: A dispenser of feminine pads and tampons activated by a touch sensor. The touch of a person's hand will close an electronic circuit causing a motor to rotate. The motor is attached to a shaft which rotates. The shaft retains a feminine product dispenser. The feminine product dispenser transports a feminine napkin or tampon to a retrieval tray. The improved design enables the sanitary napkin rack and tampon rack to be adjacent to each other, thereby reducing the width requirements for the cabinet housing the racks. The activation by touch screen significantly improves the selection and dispensing of the desired feminine napkin product and tampon product.

Abstract: A coin dispensing apparatus is provided which can detect a dispensed coin without lowering a dispensation speed of coins, even dispensed small-diameter coins without lowering a dispensation speed without damaging a coin detecting device. The coin dispensing apparatus has a throwing-out device and a noncontact type detecting device. A rebound member is provided against which the coin thrown out by the throwing-out device strikes, to rebound in a predetermined direction. The noncontact type coin detecting device continuously detects a coin before the coin strikes against the rebound member and after the coin rebounds.

Abstract: A method of validating coins which includes a piezoelectric element to convert movement caused by the collision of a coin to a signal and a processor to analyse the signal. The signal is digitized to produce a sequence of values. The processor analyses portions of the digitized signal to derive characterizing features of the signal and discriminates between valid and invalid coins based on the characterizing features.

Abstract: The validity of a coin is tested in a coin mechanism typically used for vending products. A test arm which is integrally and resiliently connected to a back plate contacts a coin when the coin wheel is rotated, and the test arm resiliently deflects in response to contact with the characteristic of the coin tested. The validity of the coin is established by the degree of movement of the test arm. More than one test arm functions to test different characteristics of the coin to establish validity and the prevent illegitimate dispensing of products. When a coin is not present, the test arm is not deflected to maintain its resiliency characteristics. Preferably the coin mechanism is assembled from a relatively few injection molded durable plastic parts.

Abstract: The validity of a coin is tested in a coin mechanism typically used for vending products. A test arm which is integrally and resiliently connected to a back plate contacts a coin when the coin wheel is rotated, and the test arm resiliently deflects in response to contact with the characteristic of the coin tested. The validity of the coin is established by the degree of movement of the test arm. More than one test arm functions to test different characteristics of the coin to establish validity and the prevent illegitimate dispensing of products. When a coin is not present, the test arm is not deflected to maintain its resiliency characteristics. Preferably the coin mechanism is assembled from a relatively few injection molded durable plastic parts.

Abstract: Improved coin selector of the type being incorporated in any kind of machines operated by means of the insertion of coins to be validated, the selector (1) comprising an anti-thread safety mechanism constituted by a generally L-shaped lever (3) that is positioned in respect of the coin inlet opening (2), that is rotably mounted in respect of a shaft (4) by the end of one of its wings, while its other wing, in its resting position, crosses the coin passage channel (5) and interferes, by its free end, the beam of a pair of photodiodes (6), it being provided below the lever (3) with a feeler (7) of a general L-shape being rotable by its vertex, one of its wings (9) having a shape of a truncated cone that, in its resting position, crosses the coin passage channel (5).

Abstract: An electronic coin checker is proposed which has a coin entry channel, in the region of which a sensor arrangement is disposed, and has a flap-shaped coin switch and a control device. In dependence on the signals of the sensor arrangement, the control device controls the coin switch to accept a coin running through the coin entry channel into an acceptance shaft, or into a return channel to return the coin. The flap-shaped coin switch has a sloping extension inclined towards the runway of the return channel, on which the coin slides away in the return position of the switch, alters its inclination and falls onto the runway of the return channel. The boundary wall, lying opposite the coin switch, of the return channel is configured inclined in the running direction, and thus a further alteration in inclination takes place.

Abstract: Coin validation apparatus comprising a coin path (2, 5, 6); an impact element (14) disposed in the coin path to be contacted by a coin (10); an impact transducer (8) arranged to generate an output signal in dependence on vibration of the impact element (14); and control means (7) for determining a coin parameter based on the output signal; characterised in that the impact element (14) is shaped to create multiple impacts with a passing coin (10).

Abstract: The arrival of a coin in a coin checking apparatus is detected by arranging for the coin to hit a member (16). The vibration caused by the impact causes a piezoelectric element (36,36a) to give a transient output signal which is used to switch on electronic circuitry of the coin checking apparatus. The circuitry is normally switched off and thus over a period of time the average power consumption of the coin checking apparatus is low so that it can be satisfactorily run from a battery.