Abstract: A distillation/extraction insert may attach to a vessel containing liquid to be distilled, and may use heated water circulating through a heating coil, as well as draw a partial vacuum to induce boiling. A condensation coil may collect the vapor and condense the vapor into distillate. A controller may monitor various temperatures and vacuum level to precisely control the heated water being used to boil components in the liquid. The heated water may be created by a beer making machine, which may have a temperature controlled recirculating water system. The insert may be a self-contained unit that attaches to a vessel, where the vessel may also be used for fermenting brewer's mash for distillation. In some cases, an extraction chamber may be used for collecting essential oils from various materials.

Abstract: A mass transfer assembly has at least one dividing wall, zones of mass transfer structures on opposite sides of the dividing wall, and a vapor flow restrictor that is operable to vary the split of vapor ascending through the zones of mass transfer structures on the opposite sides of the dividing wall.

Abstract: An arrangement for monitoring a freeze drying process includes product condition sensors for product condition measurement within product vials. The product condition sensors are bimetal junctions deposited on a substrate using an ink jet printing process. The substrate may be a flexible film applied to an interior surface of the product vial, or may be the vial surface itself. The bimetal junction may be printed using a roll-roll inkjet printing process with metallic nanoparticle inks. Multiple closely-spaced bi-metal junctions are provided in each measurement vial. Data from the sensors is transmitted to a data collection point via short range wireless digital communications. The location of a sublimation front may be calculated for each measured vial, and the freeze drying process may be controlled using the data.

Abstract: A photoacoustic gas analyzer including a gas chamber to receive a gas sample, a radiation source to emit an electromagnetic radiation adapted to excite N different types of gas molecules in the gas sample, the concentrations of which are to be determined, an acoustic-wave sensor to detect acoustic waves generated by the irradiated gas, and a control unit. The control unit controls the radiation source to emit electromagnetic radiation with a time-varying intensity and to modulate the frequency at which the intensity is varied with a modulation signal having at least N different values, to receive from the acoustic-wave sensor signals indicative of acoustic waves generated by the irradiated gas, to determine at least N mutually different signal amplitudes each associated with a respective N mutually different frequencies at which the intensity of the emitted electromagnetic radiation is varied, and to determine the concentrations of the N different gas types.

Abstract: By using the distillation device of the present application, energy loss occurring in a purification process of a solution including a waste stripper and a stripped photoresist resin used in a stripping process of a photoresist can be minimized and the installation cost of the distillation device can be reduced compared to the case in which dual distillation columns are used, thereby increasing the economic feasibility of a process.

Abstract: Processes and apparatus for isomerizing hydrocarbons are provided. The process comprises isomerizing at least a portion of the hydrocarbon feed stream comprising at least one of C4 to C7 hydrocarbons in the presence of an isomerization catalyst and hydrogen under isomerization conditions to produce a isomerized stream. The isomerized stream is stabilized in a stabilizer to provide a stabilizer off-gas stream comprising chlorides and a liquid isomerate stream. At least a portion of the stabilizer off-gas stream is contacted with an exchange stream to provide an absorber overhead stream and absorber bottoms stream comprising chlorides. The absorber bottoms stream is passed to the isomerization reactor. The liquid isomerate stream is passed to a deisohexanizer column to provide an isomerate product and deisohexanizer side stream.

Abstract: A CO2 recovery apparatus is provided with: a CO2 absorption tower for bringing exhaust gas into contact with a CO2 absorbing liquid and making the CO2 absorbing liquid absorb the CO2 contained in the exhaust gas; a CO2 absorbing liquid regeneration tower for heating the CO2 absorbing liquid with steam and releasing CO2 from the CO2 absorbing liquid and regenerating the CO2 absorbing liquid; a flowmeter for determining the flow rates of the exhaust gas introduced into the CO2 absorption tower; and a control unit for classifying the flow rates of the exhaust gas into multiple flow rate ranges, and controlling the flow rate of the CO2 absorbing liquid supplied to the CO2 absorption tower and the flow rate of steam supplied to the CO2 absorbing liquid regeneration tower on the basis of prescribed set load values which have been previously established in accordance with the multiple flow rate ranges.

Abstract: An NIR analyzer with the optical probes across a pipe, or in a bypass configuration, after a stabilizer in an oil or condensate production plant. Prior to use, liquid samples from the plant are analyzed in a chemical lab to obtain reference vapor pressure or compositional values. A chemometric model using known techniques is then built with the captured absorption spectra and the reference lab results. Preprocessing methodologies can be used to help mitigate interferences of the fluid, instrument drift, and contaminate build up on the lenses in contact with the fluid. The chemometric model is implemented through the NIR analyzer as the calibration curve to predict the vapor pressure or other values of the flowing fluid in real time.

Abstract: The power required to recover C3+ hydrocarbons from crude carbon dioxide comprising C1+ hydrocarbons and hydrogen sulfide may be reduced by distilling the crude carbon dioxide to produce carbon dioxide-enriched overhead vapor and C3+ hydrocarbon-enriched bottoms liquid such that the hydrogen sulfide is rejected with the overhead vapor. Power consumption reductions may be achieved by incorporating a heat pump cycle using carbon dioxide vapor as working fluid to provide at least a part of the refrigeration duty and using a side reboiler to reduce the bottom reboiler duty. Where the bottoms liquid is further processed to produce “lighter” and “heavier” hydrocarbon fractions, the process enables optimization of upgrading crude oil on the basis of API gravity, Reid Vapor pressure and/or viscosity.

Abstract: A system and method of cracking hydrocarbon feedstocks is provided that allows for significant flexibility in terms of the desired product yield. An integrated process includes introducing the feedstock and hydrogen into a first hydrocracking reaction zone containing a first hydrocracking catalyst to produce a first zone effluent. The first zone effluent and optionally additional hydrogen are passed to a second hydrocracking reaction zone containing a second hydrocracking catalyst to produce a second zone effluent. The second zone effluent is conveyed to a fractionating zone to at least a low boiling fraction and a high boiling fraction, and optionally one or more intermediate fractions. The bottoms fraction is passed to a fluidized catalytic cracking reaction and separation zone, from which olefins and gasoline are recovered. At least a portion of remaining cycle oil is passed from the fluidized catalytic cracking reaction and separation zone to the first and/or second hydrocracking reaction zone.

Abstract: A method and system for dehydration of a gas phase and hydrate inhibition of a liquid hydrocarbon phase in a multiphase hydrocarbon fluid stream containing water. The method may include (i) separating the hydrocarbon fluid stream into a liquid phase and a first gas phase, (ii) adding hydrate inhibitor to the first gas phase, and (iii) separating off condensed liquids and a second gas phase. The first gas phase has a water dew point that is lower than the initial multiphase hydrocarbon fluid stream and the second gas phase has a lower water dew point than the first gas phase. The hydrate inhibitor has a water content that is low enough to enable it to dry the first gas phase, the hydrate inhibitor being separated off with the condensed liquids and mixed with a part or all of the liquid phase from the separation to inhibit the liquid phase.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved process for regenerating solvent used to remove contaminants from a fluid stream. Said process comprises a solvent regeneration system (10) comprising a rich/lean solvent stripper column (29), reboiler (50), condenser (36), and reflux receiver (38) wherein the improvement is the location 46 of the condensed stripper gas return from the reflux receiver.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and system for cooling compressed gases at a well site without the need for fans. Wherein produced liquids act as a continuously-flowing heat sink for gases entering stages of compression. Heat sinks can be automatically bypassed such that gases are compressed without first cooling them based upon outputs of temperature sensors.

Abstract: The present application relates to a distillation apparatus and a separation method, and according to the distillation apparatus and the separation method of the present application, it is possible to separate a material to be separated during the separation of a mixture of three or more components, for example, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate with high purity, and to achieve an object of saving energy during the separation and purification process of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate.

Abstract: The present application relates to a distillation device and a distillation method, and according to the distillation device and method of the present application, channeling occurring during the separation of a mixture may be blocked, thereby enhancing the separation efficiency and achieving energy saving.

Abstract: In one aspect, a process for controlling a temperature of fluid entering a post treat reactor in a naphtha hydrotreater includes measuring a temperature of hydrotreater reactor effluent and determining a set point based on the measured temperature. The set point is transmitted to a first temperature indicator controller, and the first temperature indicator controller measures a temperature of fluid flowing into a post treat reactor and adjusts a combined feed flow through a bypass of an upstream combined feed exchanger. This reduces an amount of heat exchanged in the combined feed exchanger and thus prevents the fluid temperature of the fluid entering the post treat reactor from falling below the set point.

Abstract: There are provided a dividing wall distillation column for producing high-purity acrylic acid, and a fractional distillation method using the same. The dividing wall distillation column includes a condenser, a reboiler and a main column having a dividing wall. Here, the main column is divided into a column-top zone, an upper feed zone, an upper outflow zone, a lower feed zone, a lower outflow zone and a column-bottom zone. Also, a crude acrylic acid raw material (F) flows in a middle inflow plate NR1 in which the upper feed zone and the lower teed zone come in contact with each other, a low boiling point component (D) flows out from the column-top zone, a high boiling point component (B) flows out from the column-bottom zone, and a middle boiling point component (S) flows out through a middle outflow plate NR2 in which the upper outflow zone and the lower outflow zone come in contact with each other. In this case, the middle boiling point component is acrylic acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a dividing wall distillation column for producing high-purity n-butanol, and a method for the production of high-purity n-butanol by fractional distillation. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method which provides a dividing wall distillation column with crude n-butanol as a feed to perform a fractional distillation of n-butanol, and an apparatus thereof. The dividing wall distillation column of the present invention exhibits the effects of a two distillation column from only one distillation column, thereby reducing energy and the costs of installing the apparatus as compared to conventional distillation systems.

Abstract: A method of thermally servicing a solvent-refining column comprises: running a closed-loop water-steam system past a top and bottom of a first column, the first column containing at least a solvent and impurities; boiling pressurized water in the closed-loop water-steam system to steam using first heat from the top of the first column; compressing the steam in the closed-loop water-steam system to a higher temperature; and providing second heat to the first column by condensing the steam at the bottom of the first column after compression.

Abstract: A method for producing ILSAC GF5 or higher compatible oils from used oil, comprising separating material having a boiling point less than about 350° F. from recovered oil to produce de-volatized oil fraction and light oil fraction. Separating material with a boiling point greater than about 350° F. and less than about 650° F. from the de-volatized oil fraction to produce fuel oil fraction and heavy oil fraction. Separating material with a boiling point greater than about 1200° F. from the heavy oil fraction to produce partially purified oil fraction and residual fraction. Treating the partially purified oil fraction to separate it into purified oil fraction and contaminant fraction. Hydrogenating the contaminant fraction to remove predetermined compounds, further saturating the fraction and thereby creating a saturated oil fraction. Fractionating the saturated oil stream to produce one or more of naphtha fraction, diesel oil fraction and base oil fraction.

Abstract: A solid carrier sprayer apparatus, including a solid carrier container, a liquid container, a solid carrier spreading apparatus, and a liquid application apparatus is provided. The solid carrier spreading apparatus can be coupled to receive solid carrier from the solid carrier container, and is configured to drop the received solid carrier substantially evenly over an area of ground. The liquid application apparatus can be coupled to receive liquid from the liquid container, and is configured to spray received liquid substantially evenly over the received solid carrier, such that the liquid is sprayed substantially evenly over the received solid carrier before the solid carrier is dropped substantially evenly over the area of ground. Methods of using a solid carrier sprayer apparatus are also discussed.

Abstract: A vapor hydrogen peroxide system and method that includes a reservoir assembly, a first pump assembly, a second pump assembly, a test assembly and a heating assembly. The system is configured to operate sequentially switching between the first pump assembly and the second pump assembly. The pump assembly that is to be utilized is directed through a recirculation procedure prior to the switching, to, in turn, purge any air bubbles that may have amassed within the pump assembly prior to switching.

Abstract: Recycle of an extract stream containing a contaminant is used to improve recovery of hydrocarbons in a contaminant removal process. At least a portion of an extract stream is recycled to a contaminant extraction zone and contacted with rich ionic liquid. Contaminants in the recycle extract stream are transferred to the rich ionic liquid.

Abstract: A method and system for optimizing the efficiency of an LNG liquification system of the gas expansion type, wherein an incoming feed gas is first separated in a fractionation column by counter current contact with a cold reflux fluid, and a gaseous stream introduced into the heat exchanger system at a reduced temperature such that an intermediate pinch point is created in the warm composite curve.

Abstract: A multi-variable predictive controller is used to separate a multi-phase fluid on an offshore platform, thereby reducing condensable material in the gas product stream. A separation vessel containing a multi-phase fluid is provided, and pressure and temperature associated with the separation vessel are monitored. A Reid Vapor Pressure is calculated for the separation vessel based on the pressure and the temperature associated with the separation vessel. The multi-variable predictive controller actively controls the pressure and the temperature associated with the separation vessel such that the calculated Reid Vapor Pressure for the separation vessel is maintained within a predetermined amount of a reference Reid Vapor Pressure.

Abstract: Technology is generally described for computing paths between geographical localities. The technology can receive a request for a path between two or more geographical localities, and compute a path based at least on a popularity rating of intermediate geographical localities.

Abstract: A control system for performing a global-decoke of a tube furnace comprising a plurality of passes.

Abstract: Water is removed from oily water produced during operation of a separation column by withdrawing the oily water from the column during separation into an external separator where the oily water is separated into a water phase and an oily phase. The oily phase is then heated to a temperature effective to produce a density differential that drives the oily phase back into the operating column.

Abstract: The apparatus includes an alkylation unit connected to a first benzene recycle conduit, a feed conduit and an alkylation effluent conduit; a transalkylation unit connected to an polyalkylbenzene recycle conduit, a second benzene recycle conduit, and a transalkylation effluent conduit. A dividing wall distillation column is in fluid communication with the transalkylation effluent conduit, the alkylation effluent conduit, a product stream, a bottoms stream conduit and first and second benzene recycle conduits. A polyalkylbenzene fractionation column is connected to the bottoms stream conduit, the polyalkylbenzene recycle conduit and a heavy component conduit.

Abstract: A process and apparatus to remove asphaltenic contaminants from bitumen, heavy oil or residue to produce lower viscosity petroleum products and high purity asphaltenes.

Abstract: A Fuel Fractionation System (FFS) and associated methods to generate and store a fuel for internal combustion engines is provided. FFS provides a distillation column assembly to distill liquid fuel to form a volatile light fraction secondary fuel. The distillation column assembly includes a vaporization module to vaporize a feed fuel in the distillation column and includes a condensation module to condense heavy fraction components of the vaporized feed fuel. FFS also provides a controller positioned to control the vaporization of feed fuel in the distillation column to thereby control the separation of the feed fuel into light fraction fuel and heavy fraction fuel components, and positioned to control the condensation of the heavy fraction components so that fuel exiting a light fraction output port in the distillation column is substantially light fraction fuel components by volume.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of refining crude tall oil. According to the method, the crude tall oil is fed into a column distiller, where it is separated into desired fractions. The conditions of the column distiller are adjusted on the basis of the composition of the feed and the product flow. According to the present invention, the densities of the crude tall oil fed into the column distiller and of at least one product flow are measured accurately as a function of the temperature. The density values are compared with correlation coefficients derived from the chemical compositions of the flows, coefficients which are obtained on the basis of laboratory analyses made earlier from corresponding flows, by using temperature compensation to specify the correlations, and by taking account of the regular variation in the wood composition of fresh wood according to the annual cycle and, as a result, the compositions of the flows are achieved.

Abstract: First (210) and second (240) feedstocks are hydrotreated in an integrated hydrogenation plant (200) using a hot separator (230) that provides a vapor stream containing at least some of the hydrotreated first feedstock (210), wherein the second feedstock (240) is mixed with the vapor stream at a position downstream of the separator (240) and upstream of the a second hydrotreating (250) reactor to form a mixed second feedstock that is fed into the second hydrotreating reactor (250) to produce a ultra-low sulfur product.

Abstract: Incoming wastewater is preheated in a heat exchanger before delivery to a flash chamber through an orifice for flashing into water vapor rising into an upper section of the flash chamber which also has a bottom section into which liquid waste oil or other contaminants settles. Rise of such water vapor into the upper chamber section is induced by a vacuum established therein by a vacuum pump withdrawing the water vapor in a superheated and compressed condition for cooling within a condenser from which the incoming wastewater is delivered to a heat exchanger for preheating. The water vapor during rise into the upper section of the flash chamber is filtered to extract contaminates therefrom while liquefied water vapor thereafter formed therein is collected before the remaining water vapor is cooled into the condensate for collection within a distillate tank from which it is withdrawn for overboard discharge after being monitored for oil content.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for simulating a distillation apparatus having a coupling-type distillation column (10), the method speeding completion of simulation operation. The simulation for the distillation apparatus including a coupling-type distillation column (10) is performed by use of a simulation program for simulating a distillation apparatus including a main column (31) and a side column (32) in combination.

Abstract: A control method and apparatus for regulating the rate of vapor flow in the two adjacent sections of a dividing wall fractional distillation column are presented. The liquid level on a tray at the top of each section is used to control the rate of vapor flow through the tray. The liquid level is controlled by measuring the pressure differential across the tray in each section and varying the flow of liquid to this tray in response to the differential.

Abstract: The operation of the dividing wall section of a dividing wall column is controlled by a control apparatus comprising a ratio controller which divides the liquid flowing into the dividing wall section. The rate of return of overhead liquid to the column is set by monitoring the temperature in the top of the product dividing wall section and the sidecut product draw rate is set by monitoring a temperature in the bottom of the product dividing wall section.

Abstract: An essential oil evaporator has timing control by a controller for audio and visual effect. The controller controls a loud speaker and an LED lamp in a progressive and synchronous way. Moreover, the controller also activates a heater through a trigger unit. Therefore, the user can aware the turn on and turn off of the heater with the help of audio and visual effect.

Abstract: An extractive distillation tower 4 supplied with a feedstock containing butadiene and a solvent and for distilling the feedstock to separate and purify the butadiene.

Abstract: A heavy oil emulsified fuel evaporator system is provided in which a heavy oil emulsified fuel, after being preheated at a preheater, flows into an evaporator to be heated and then to a separator for separation of its water content. The water content, after being separated, is used as a preheating source medium for said preheater, wherein water content separation at a predetermined level is enabled irrespective of load change in a heavy oil fuel combustion equipment, and no light oil content is discharged together with the separated water content. Heavy oil emulsified fuel 11a is preheated at a preheater 13, is heated at an evaporator 14 and flows into a separator 15 to be separated of its water content. Water content, after being separated, is sent via a piping 15a to be used as the preheating source medium for the preheater 13.

Abstract: A method for separating used oil in a simple batch process into usable fractions. A pretreatment step involves forming a mixture of the used oil and specified pretreatment chemicals. A reduced pressure is maintained throughout the process along with mixing of the formed mixture. Heat is applied at a predetermined rate corresponding to vaporization and recovery of usable fractions of aqueous, light hydrocarbons, base oil, and a pumpable residual. Each distillate fraction is removed as a vapor, condensed and collected. Undesirable cracking is avoided by maintaining a reduced pressure and avoiding rapid or localized heating within the mixture by mixing during the distillation process. The resulting aqueous and light fractions can be reused in the process or otherwise used. The pumpable residual can also be sold as a high quality asphalt extender. The recovered base oil fraction may be sold as a diesel fuel extender, lubricant, catalytic cracker feed stock, or #4 fuel oil for stationary power generators.

Abstract: The present invention relates to fractionation improvements. Thus, in a fractionator having a fractionation vessel, a reactor effluent vapors inlet, a vapor feed contacting zone, a baffled contacting section above the vapor feed contacting zone, a tops section above the baffled contacting section, a heavy bottoms liquid hold-up pool section below the vapor feed contacting zone, a bottoms outlet, a bottoms recycle system with a heat exchanger with recycled, cooled bottoms fed back to the fractionation vessel at the heavy bottoms liquid hold-up pool section and above the vapor feed contacting zone, the improvements involve a separate remotely located bottoms liquid hold-up pool vessel for separating bottoms liquid holdup from vapor within the fractionation vessel to obtain a thermal separation and increased fractionation efficiency. The invention also relates to fractionation processes utilizing the aforesaid improvements.

Abstract: The present invention provides a means of removing water, antifreeze and fuel from lubricating or hydraulic oil by evaporating these impurities and venting them out of the purifier. The oil is heated by heat of an exposed horizontal heating wand within the evaporator. The oil then passes over the upper lip of the evaporator and cascades downward over the evaporator's ridged outer surface, thereby impeding the flow of oil and increasing the rate of evaporation of the impurities. The evaporated impurities then rise upward along the interior of the domed cover and are vented out of the purifier.

Abstract: The invention pertains to the field of the petrochemical industry. The invention essentially relates to a system and method that includes feeding of a liquid having molecular weight more than 100 (in atomic mass units) into a nozzle of an ejector as a motive liquid, and delivery of a mixed medium from the ejector into a shaped reservoir, where flow velocity is reduced and static pressure is boosted. The outlet of the ejector is connected to the inlet of the shaped reservoir, the inlet of a separator is connected to the outlet of the shaped reservoir. The introduced method and the system for its embodiment ensure a more efficient operation.

Abstract: A system for dehydrating lubricating and hydraulic fluids includes a heating circuit and circuitry for creating a vacuum. The heating circuitry introduces a stream of heated fluid into a vacuum chamber in which a partial vacuum is drawn by the vacuum circuit. Aqueous components of the fluid stream are flashed in the vacuum chamber by virtue of the elevated temperature and reduced pressure. Dehydrated fluid is then collected and evacuated from the vacuum chamber. Vapor from the vacuum chamber, including the aqueous components of the fluid stream are collected, condensed and separately evacuated. The heating circuit limits surface temperature of a heating element in a closed-loop manner to avoid degradation of the fluid. The fluid stream is introduced into the vacuum chamber or is recirculated through the heating circuit to maintain a desired level of fluid temperature in a closed-loop manner.

Abstract: The invention relates to the recovery of excess gas which is formed in an oil/gas treatment plant, more specifically in a production plant where gas-containing oil in a separation plant is separated into a gas fraction and an oil fraction which are individually advanced for respective applications. The excess gas is advanced for recovery through a special collection conduit (40) on which there is coupled a branch conduit (72) which leads to a torch (74), and which comprises valves (76, 78) which are primarily closed, but which secondarily are adapted to open for the flow of gas to a torch (74) when the pressure of the excess gas exceeds a given value and/or when an irregular emergency situation occurs in the plant. There is also mentioned a concrete solution for joining of the excess gas with the extracted process gas.

Abstract: An installation for cleaning oil-polluted water, in particular at oil and gas production plants, is provided with a distillation column having a polluted water feed and at least one contact packing above which the outlet of the polluted water feed is located, a vapor discharge, a clean water outlet and a measuring device for the analysis of the water from the clean water outlet.

Abstract: A device for drilling a layer of coke within a reactor to effect the decoking of the reactor includes a decoking tool arranged at one end of a hose for conveying a decoking fluid to the tool. The decoking tool has a first part and a second part coaxial with the first part. The second part has means for ejecting the decoking fluid against the coke layer, including a first ejection means for ejecting the fluid in a substantially axial direction downwardly to penetrate the coke layer, a second ejection means ejecting the fluid in a substantially lateral direction and a third ejection means for ejecting the fluid in a substantially upward direction to remove any coke accumulated above the tool.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for re-refining used oil, in which the used oil is processed in at least one cyclonic vacuum evaporator comprising a void evaporation chamber (4) into which feedstock is tangentially injected, and in which a fraction of the feedstock is condensed in a spray condenser (7) communicating with the evaporation chamber (4).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for re-refining used oil, in which the used oil is processed in at least one cyclonic vacuum evaporator comprising a void evaporation chamber (4) into which feedstock is tangentially injected, and in which a fraction of the feedstock is condensed in a spray condenser (7) communicating with the evaporation chamber (4).