Abstract: A coke catching apparatus for use in hydrocarbon cracking to assist in the removal of coke and the prevention of coke build up in high coking hydrocarbon processing units. The apparatus includes a grid device for preventing large pieces of coke from entering the outlet of the process refining equipment while allowing small pieces of coke to pass through and be disposed of. The coke catching apparatus can be easily disassembled to be removed from the refining process equipment and cleaned.

Abstract: A heat accumulator for use in a motor vehicle having a heat accumulator container which can be integrated into the motor oil circuit, through which motor oil flows when the motor is running, and which is disconnected from the circuit when the motor is switched off. The oil pan of the motor, in particular the lower part of the oil pan, is provided as the heat accumulator container, and the oil pan is provided with heat-insulating container walls. Also, an element for increasing the heat capacity of the heat accumulator is provided.

Abstract: A method for reducing emissions from an engine includes generating a light hydrocarbon fuel fraction and combusting the light hydrocarbon fuel fraction in place of the fuel. The light hydrocarbon fuel fraction is generated by heating the fuel and flowing the fuel through a plurality of hollow fiber superhydrophobic membranes in a membrane module. Each hollow superhydrophobic membrane comprises a porous support and a superhydrophobic layer free of pores that extend from one side of the superhydrophobic layer to the other. Vapor from the fuel permeates the superhydrophobic membranes and enters a distillate collection chamber, producing a distilled fuel in the distillate collection chamber and a residual fuel within the hollow fiber superhydrophobic membranes. The residual fuel is removed from the membrane module and cooled to produce a cooled residual fuel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system and a method for the extraction of hydrocarbons from drill cuttings in drilling mud. The system for extracting hydrocarbons from drill cuttings includes at least one extraction tank, a carbon dioxide tank fluidly connected to the at least one extraction tank, and at least one separation tank in fluid communication with the at least one extraction tank. The method for extracting hydrocarbons from drill cuttings consists of exposing the drill cuttings to liquid carbon dioxide, solubilizing hydrocarbons from the drill cuttings with the liquid carbon dioxide, heating the liquid carbon dioxide and the soluble hydrocarbons to convert liquid carbon dioxide to carbon dioxide vapor, separating the hydrocarbons from the carbon dioxide vapor, and collecting the separated hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Systems and methods for refining conventional crude and heavy, corrosive, contaminant-laden carbonaceous crude (Opportunity Crude) in partially or totally separated streams or trains.

Abstract: A system for treating recovered fluids in-line that includes a thermal reactor for separating contaminated drill cuttings into drill cuttings and contaminants by applying heat to the contaminated drill cuttings so as to vaporize contaminants from the contaminated drill cuttings; a first condenser in fluid connection with the thermal reactor for condensing the vaporized contaminants; a separator in fluid connection with the first condenser for separating the condensed vapors into an oleaginous liquid and an aqueous liquid, wherein at least a portion of one of the aqueous liquid and oleaginous liquid is fed back into the first condenser via a feedback line; and an ozone generator operatively coupled to the feedback line, wherein at least the portion of the fed back liquid is ozonated by the ozone generator and fed into the condenser is disclosed.

Abstract: Split-shell fractionation columns and associated processes for separating aromatic hydrocarbons. A split-shell fractionation column includes a housing shell having a first height and a partition having a second height and disposed within the housing shell. The partition includes first and second vertically oriented baffles separated by a gap region, a seal plate connecting top ends of the baffles, a first input port formed to extend through the partition for the introduction of a gas into the gap region, and a first output port formed to extend outwardly from a bottom of the gap region and through the housing shell. The partition defines a first distillation zone and a second distillation zone within the housing shell.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for using field enhanced separations to produce multiple fractions from a petroleum input. A liquid thermal diffusion and/or electric field separation is used to produce the fractions. The fractions can then be used to form multiple outputs that share a first feature while being different with regard to a second feature. For example, a first fraction from the plurality of fractions can have a desired value for a first property such as viscosity index. Two or more additional fractions from the plurality of fractions can then be blended together to make a blended fraction or output. The blended fraction can have a value for the first property that is substantially similar to the value for the first fraction. However, for a second property, the first fraction and the blended fraction can have distinct values. As a result, multiple output fractions can be formed that share a first feature but differ in a second feature.

Abstract: A system for separating contaminants from wellbore cuttings that includes a processing chamber, a heat source connected to the processing chamber adapted to vaporize hydrocarbons and other contaminants disposed on the material, a condenser operatively connected to an outlet of the process chamber and adapted to condense the vaporized hydrocarbons and other contaminants, and an ozone source operatively connected to the condenser.

Abstract: The invention relates to continuous process for converting carbonaceous material contained in one or more feedstocks into a liquid hydrocarbon product, said feedstocks including the carbonaceous material being in a feed mixture including one or more fluids, said fluids including water and further liquid organic compounds at least partly produced by the process in a concentration of at least 1% by weight, where the process comprises converting at least part of the carbonaceous material by pressurising the feed mixture to a pressure in the range 50-400 bar; heating the feed mixture to a temperature in the range 250-500° C., maintaining said pressurized and heated feed mixture in the desired pressure and temperature ranges in a reaction zone for a predefined time; cooling the feed mixture to a temperature in the range 25-200° C.

Abstract: The invention relates to a continuos process for converting carbonaceous material contained in one or more feedstocks into a liquid hydrocarbon product, said feedstocks including the carbonaceous material being in a feed mixture including one or more fluids, said fluids including water and further liquid organic compounds at least partly produced by the process in a concentration of at least 1% by weight, where the process comprises converting at least part of the carbonaceous material by pressurising the feed mixture to a pressure in the range 250-400 bar; heating the feed mixture to a temperature in the range 370-450° C., and maintaining said pressurized and heated feed mixture in the desired pressure and temperature ranges in a reaction zone for a predefined time; cooling the feed mixture to a temperature in the range 25-200° C.

Abstract: The invention is a process and apparatus for removing a contaminant from an aromatic selective solvent. A feed stream comprising an aromatic hydrocarbon and a non-aromatic hydrocarbon is contacted with the aromatic selective solvent in an extractive distillation zone to produce a raffinate stream comprising the non-aromatic hydrocarbon, and a rich solvent stream comprising the aromatic hydrocarbon and the solvent. The rich solvent stream is separated in a second distillation zone to produce an extract stream comprising the aromatic hydrocarbon, and a lean solvent stream comprising the contaminant and the aromatic selective solvent. At least a portion of the lean solvent stream is washed with a non-aromatic hydrocarbon to produce a clean solvent stream, at least a portion of which is passed to at least one of the extractive distillation zone and the second distillation zone.

Abstract: A method for fractionating a fuel includes heating the fuel and flowing it through hollow superhydrophobic membranes in a membrane module. Vapor from the fuel permeates the hydrophobic membranes and enters a distillate collection chamber, producing distilled fuel and residual fuel. The residual fuel is removed from the module and cooled. The cooled residual fuel is flowed through hollow tubes in the module and the distilled fuel is removed from the distillate collection chamber. Burning the distilled fuel reduces engine emissions. A fuel fractionation system includes a distillate collection chamber, hollow superhydrophobic membranes, hollow tubes and a distillate outlet. The hollow superhydrophobic membranes receive heated fuel and allow vapor from the heated fuel to permeate the membranes and enter the distillate collection chamber. The hollow tubes receive cooled residual fuel and are positioned to allow vapor in the distillate collection chamber to condense on outer surfaces of the hollow tubes.

Abstract: Systems and methods for extracting recoverable materials from source materials are provided. According to one embodiment, a plasma furnace includes an open-faced tray, a pair of arc rods, Faraday coils and a smooth interior surface. The open-faced tray carries tar sands from one end of the plasma furnace to another. The arc rods are disposed above the open-faced tray and are operable to generate a plasma energy field for vaporizing bitumen contained within the tar sands. The Faraday coils are positioned underneath the open-faced tray to create a magnetic field proximate to the tar sands and cause the plasma energy field to penetrate and heat the tar sands to a temperature sufficient to release a bond between the bitumen and the tar sands by focusing and drawing the plasma energy field through the tar sands. Vaporized bitumen condenses on the smooth interior surface from which it is collected.

Abstract: A process for producing pipeline-ready or refinery-ready feedstock from heavy hydrocarbons using a high-performance solvent extraction process with high local solvent-to-process fluid ratios yet maintaining low overall solvent-to-process fluid ratios, by first performing mild thermal cracking on the heavy hydrocarbons and then separating asphaltene-rich fractions from a resulting thermally affected fluid so that the high solvent-to-oil ratio portion of the process acts only on those asphaltene-rich fractions, and producing a dry, solid asphaltene as an end-product.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for hydrotreating inferior naphtha fraction, comprising: (1) warming a recycle oil in a heating device; (2) mixing the inferior naphtha fraction with the recycle oil before and/or after the heating device; and (3) feeding the mixture of the inferior naphtha fraction and the recycle oil into a separating unit, wherein the gas-liquid separation is realized at least to obtain a gas phase and a liquid phase, wherein the gas phase comprises gasified inferior naphtha, wherein the gas phase enters a hydrotreating reactor to undergo hydrotreating, and wherein part of the liquid phase circulates to the heating device as the recycle oil; wherein warming of the recycle oil is controlled to ensure the temperature of gas phase from the separator at least reaches the inlet temperature of the hydrotreating reactor. Comparing with the prior art, the inventive process effectively solves the coking problem of the hydrogenating unit for inferior naphtha fraction.

Abstract: A reactor and its internals used for the thermal processing of a mixture. The reactor comprises plates and at least part of the surface of said plates is used to perform said thermal processing. The reactor and its internals are used for the thermal processing of mixtures containing organic compounds. The processes, for thermal processing a mixture comprising organic compounds, comprising the steps of feeding the reactor and its internals and being useful for treating wastes oils and/or for destroying hazardous and/or toxic products; and/or for reusing waste products in an environmentally acceptable form and/or way, and/or for cleaning contaminated soils or beaches, and/or cleaning tar pits, and/or use in coal-oil co-processing, and/or recovering oil from oil spills, and/or PCB free transformed oils. A process for fabricating the reactor and its internals is also proposed.

Abstract: A vacuum dehydrator for processing an oil containing entrained contaminants such as water, air, and particulates comprises a tower enclosing upper and lower chambers. A random packing is contained in the upper chamber. The oil is preheated to a temperature above the boiling point of water and is introduced into the upper chamber for downward flow through the random packing into the lower chamber. Entrained air and water is retained as water vapor in the upper chamber, and particulates are retained in the random packing. Heated ambient air is introduced into the lower chamber for upward flow through the random packing into the upper chamber, and the upper chamber is cooled to condense the water vapor. Oil and condensed water are pumped respectively from the lower and upper chambers.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the upgrading of heavy hydrocarbon feedstock that utilizes a short residence pyrolytic reactor operating under conditions that cracks and chemically upgrades the feedstock. The method for upgrading a heavy hydrocarbon feedstock comprises introducing a particulate heat carrier into an upflow reactor, introducing the heavy hydrocarbon feedstock into the upflow reactor at a location above that of the particulate heat carrier so that a loading ratio of the particulate heat carrier to feedstock is from about 15:1 to about 200:1, allowing the heavy hydrocarbon feedstock to interact with the heat carrier with a residence time of less than about 1 second, to produce a product stream, separating the product stream from the particulate heat carrier, regenerating the particulate heat carrier, and collecting a gaseous and liquid product from the product stream.

Abstract: Systems and methods for refining conventional crude and heavy, corrosive, contaminant-laden carbonaceous crude (Opportunity Crude) in partially or totally separated streams or trains.

Abstract: Systems and methods for processing a hydrocarbon feedstock are provided. The method can include removing a portion of one or more impurities from a non-phenolic sour water to produce a treated sour water and a waste byproduct. The non-phenolic sour water can have a total concentration of impurities ranging from about 100 ppmw to about 125,000 ppmw. The treated sour water can have a total concentration of impurities ranging from about 1 ppmw to about 4,000 ppmw. The treated sour water can be heated to produce steam. A hydrocarbon feedstock can be contacted with the steam at conditions sufficient to separate the hydrocarbon feedstock into at least a first hydrocarbon product and a second hydrocarbon product.

Abstract: A system for treating recovered fluids in-line that includes a thermal reactor for separating contaminated drill cuttings into drill cuttings and contaminants by applying heat to the contaminated drill cuttings so as to vaporize contaminants from the contaminated drill cuttings; a first condenser in fluid connection with the thermal reactor for condensing the vaporized contaminants; a separator in fluid connection with the first condenser for separating the condensed vapors into an oleaginous liquid and an aqueous liquid, wherein at least a portion of one of the aqueous liquid and oleaginous liquid is fed back into the first condenser via a feedback line; and an ozone generator operatively coupled to the feedback line, wherein at least the portion of the fed back liquid is ozonated by the ozone generator and fed into the condenser is disclosed.

Abstract: Tar is contacted with stripping agent, such as steam or tail gas, in a stripping tower. A product comprising deasphalted tar is recovered as overheads and a product comprising heavy tar is recovered as bottoms from the stripping tower.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of hydrocarbons that are solid or have a high boiling temperature and may be laden with metals, sulfur or sediments, into liquids (gasolines, gas oil, fuels) with the help of a jet of gas properly superheated between 600 and 800° C. The process comprises preheating a feed 5 in a heater 8 to a temperature below the selected temperature of a reactor 10. This feed is injected by injectors 4 into the empty reactor 10 (i.e., without catalyst.) The feed is treated with a jet of gas or superheated steam from superheater 2 to activate the feed. The activated products in the feed are allowed to stabilize at the selected temperature and at a selected pressure in the reactor and are then run through a series of extractors 13 to separate heavy and light hydrocarbons and to demetallize the feed. Useful products appearing in the form of water/hydrocarbon emulsions are generally demulsified in emulsion breaker 16 to form water laden with different impurities.

Abstract: Fractional hydrocarbons are recovered from reclaimed plastic materials and/or from oily residues. The reclaimed plastic materials and/or residues are sorted according to type and compacted using a feed system (1,2,3,4) in the absence of air. Thereafter the compacted mass is fed to a melting tank (7) below the liquid level. There the compacted mass is heated, so that a separation occurs into a first liquid phase, a first gas phase and a residue fraction. Thereafter the liquid phase and the first gas phase are transported into an evaporation tank (20) in which a second liquid phase and a second gas phase are formed under continued heat input. The second liquid phase is transferred to a re-heater (23) and is additionally heated there under further heat input so that a third gas phase is formed.

Abstract: The invention is a process and apparatus for removing a contaminant from an aromatic selective solvent. A feed stream comprising an aromatic hydrocarbon and a non-aromatic hydrocarbon is contacted with the aromatic selective solvent in an extractive distillation zone to produce a raffinate stream comprising the non-aromatic hydrocarbon, and a rich solvent stream comprising the aromatic hydrocarbon and the solvent. The rich solvent stream is separated in a second distillation zone to produce an extract stream comprising the aromatic hydrocarbon, and a lean solvent stream comprising the contaminant and the aromatic selective solvent. At least a portion of the lean solvent stream is washed with a non-aromatic hydrocarbon to produce a clean solvent stream, at least a portion of which is passed to at least one of the extractive distillation zone and the second distillation zone.

Abstract: A method recovering heat and water from a warm slurry, such as warm tailings from a oil sands extraction mining operation, is provided. The method comprises providing the tailings to a vacuum vessel, removing, from the vacuum vessel, warm vapor derived from the tailings, condensing the warm vapor in a condenser to produce water, and recovering the water from the condenser. Cool river or pond water can be warmed with the heat from the vapor for additional uses in the mining operation. Essentially pure water can be obtained in the process. This can also be achieved using one or flash vessels in series to condense the vapor. Power can also be generated from the vapor using a turbine.

Abstract: A process for the separation of hydrocarbons from oil-containing solids comprises heating the oil-containing solids in one or several in-series operated continuous mixers by addition of hot solids to the oil-containing solids, thereby forming a mixed solids phase, wherein heating is conducted at a temperature at which most of a hydrocarbon fraction in the oil-containing solids is transferred into a gas phase in the mixer(s), wherein the mixer(s) are positioned horizontally or slightly inclined in a conveying direction and wherein the mixer gas phase is cooled simultaneously to a temperature below 400° C. before or upon exiting the mixer(s). A mixer for the process comprises a continuous mixer having at least one horizontal or in flow direction slightly sloped shaft, fitted with wear resistant stifling devices.

Abstract: A process is provided for cracking hydrocarbon feedstock containing resid comprising: heating the feedstock, mixing the heated feedstock with a fluid and/or a primary dilution steam stream to form a mixture, optionally further heating the mixture, flashing the mixture within a flash/separation vessel to form a vapor phase and a liquid phase, partially condensing the vapor phase by contacting with a condenser within the vessel, to condense at least some coke precursors within the vapor while providing condensates which add to the liquid phase, removing the vapor phase of reduced coke precursors content as overhead and the liquid phase as bottoms, heating the vapor phase, cracking the vapor phase in a radiant section of a pyrolysis furnace to produce an effluent comprising olefins, and quenching the effluent and recovering cracked product therefrom. An apparatus for carrying out the process is also provided.

Abstract: A process for converting animal fats and/or other feedstocks into gas oil fuel including the steps of introducing material including the animal fats into a still pot in the form of liquor, extracting a volume of material from the still pot, heating the extracted material to a cracking temperature, reintroducing the extracted material back into the still pot, separating the lighter molecular weight compounds from the cracked material into a small fraction of volatile light ends and a second mixture of gas oil fuel in a distillation column collecting the second mixture of gas oil fuel by means of a condenser.

Abstract: The helical fractionating column according to the invention falls into the field of oil separation apparatus for the petroleum refining industry, which includes a column body (8), and is characterized in that the inside of the column body (8) is divided into three sections, the lower section being jet tray section, the middle section being packing section, and the upper section being floating valve section. The helical fractionating column has many advantages, such as having enhanced integrity of separation, decoloration and deodorization, simple structure, convenient manufacturing and maintenance, and low investment cost as well as high product quality etc. Thus, the present invention is worthy to be extended in the petroleum refining industry which uses waste plastics and rubbers as raw materials.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for depolymerising raw materials containing hydrocarbons, such as residues in a continuous process. To achieve a uniform operation using a comparatively simple technique, the raw material, which has been pre-heated to a liquid or pulpy consistency, is continuously injected under pressure into a reactor (4), which has been heated to a decomposition temperature and a gaseous fraction is continuously withdrawn from the reactor for further processing, whilst a bottom fraction is continuously removed or removed at intervals. The raw material is preferably pre-heated, liquefied and injected by an injection pump or exterior screw. A high degree of availability is guaranteed in conjunction with a mixer or doctor head, which cyclically removes deposits on the interior walls of the reactor.

Abstract: A flash/separation vessel for treating hydrocarbon feedstock containing resid to provide a liquid phase and a vapor phase has: (A) an inlet for introducing hydrocarbon feedstock; (B) an inlet for adding heated vaporous diluent to the vessel to dilute the vapor phase; (C) a flash/separation vessel overhead outlet for removing the vapor phase as overhead; and (D) a flash/separation vessel liquid outlet for removing liquid phase as bottoms from the vessel.

Abstract: A vacuum distillation system and method utilizing a low capacity vacuum producing ejector operated in parallel with a primary ejector during the Winter months enables significant reduction in the absolute pressure of a vacuum distillation column. Operation of a vacuum distillation tower at lower absolute pressures results in increased yield of desirable vacuum distillation products.

Abstract: A Fuel Fractionation System (FFS) and associated methods to generate and store a fuel for internal combustion engines is provided. FFS provides a distillation column assembly to distill liquid fuel to form a volatile light fraction secondary fuel. The distillation column assembly includes a vaporization module to vaporize a feed fuel in the distillation column and includes a condensation module to condense heavy fraction components of the vaporized feed fuel. FFS also provides a controller positioned to control the vaporization of feed fuel in the distillation column to thereby control the separation of the feed fuel into light fraction fuel and heavy fraction fuel components, and positioned to control the condensation of the heavy fraction components so that fuel exiting a light fraction output port in the distillation column is substantially light fraction fuel components by volume.

Abstract: A plastic as a material to be treated and an additive such as unsaturated fatty acid oil are mixed, and the mixture is heated in a pyrolysis tank at a temperature of 300° C. to 450° C. by a heating member to thereby thermally decompose the mixture. A gas component produced during the heating process is then removed and a pyrolysate is thus produced.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for treating gasoline vapor by bringing gasoline vapor within a fuel tank into contact with a fluid gasoline and making the fluid gasoline absorb the gasoline vapor, in order to improve absorptivity of the gasoline vapor and to reduce the amount of the gasoline vapor introduced into a canister, thereby attaining a canister downsizing. The method and apparatus comprise a separation device of introducing the liquid gasoline within the fuel tank and separating it into a low boiling point component and a high boiling point component, and a gas-liquid contact device of bringing the gasoline vapor within the fuel tank into contact with an extractive gasoline composed of the high boiling point component separated by the separation device, whereby when contacting the gasoline vapor with the extractive gasoline, a part of the gasoline vapor is absorbed to the extractive gasoline, and a residual of the gasoline vapor not absorbed to the extractive gasoline is introduced into a canister.

Abstract: A method for separating used oil in a simple batch process into usable fractions. A pretreatment step involves forming a mixture of the used oil and specified pretreatment chemicals. A reduced pressure is maintained throughout the process along with mixing of the formed mixture. Heat is applied at a predetermined rate corresponding to vaporization and recovery of usable fractions of aqueous, light hydrocarbons, base oil, and a pumpable residual. Each distillate fraction is removed as a vapor, condensed and collected. Undesirable cracking is avoided by maintaining a reduced pressure and avoiding rapid or localized heating within the mixture by mixing during the distillation process. The resulting aqueous and light fractions can be reused in the process or otherwise used. The pumpable residual can also be sold as a high quality asphalt extender. The recovered base oil fraction may be sold as a diesel fuel extender, lubricant, catalytic cracker feed stock, or #4 fuel oil for stationary power generators.

Abstract: In this invention the system and processes for organization of oil refinery from gases and heavy admixtures with a separation of purified oil for fractions obtained in the process of thermal distillation, and thermal and catalytic cracking and subsequent fine separation of products for narrow fractions are presented. The combining of vortex vapor generation processes of preliminary heated oil in the field of inertia forces of rotating liquid with condensation processes of gaseous products at reduced pressure in vortex vapor condensers with cooled walls with utilization of subsequent heating and productions of fuels with narrow fraction composition permits to obtain a high quality product.

Abstract: The present invention provides a means of removing water, antifreeze and fuel from lubricating or hydraulic oil by evaporating these impurities and venting them out of the purifier. The oil is heated by heat of an exposed horizontal heating wand within the evaporator. The oil then passes over the upper lip of the evaporator and cascades downward over the evaporator's ridged outer surface, thereby impeding the flow of oil and increasing the rate of evaporation of the impurities. The evaporated impurities then rise upward along the interior of the domed cover and are vented out of the purifier.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for reclaiming oil from waste plastic in such a way that thermosetting resins and solid foreign matter in the plastic will not pose a problem. This method greatly reduces the burden of presorting the garbage or industrial waste. To achieve this objective when oil is to be reclaimed from a waste plastic containing chlorine compounds, such as vinyl chloride, the plastic must first be stripped of chlorine. Prior to pyrolysis, while being conveyed forward in a continuous stream, the plastic is mixed with heated sand and/or an additive agent to raise its temperature to 250-350° C. This creates a product which is comprised of a mixture of sand and substantially dechlorinated plastic. The product is mixed with heated sand to heat it directly to a temperature of 350-500° C. It is maintained at this temperature until pyrolysis occurs.

Abstract: A method for separating impurities from cooling lubricants, in particular oil or oil emulsions, in which the cooling lubricant first is warmed to decrease the viscosity; then it is centrifuged in a centrifuge, after which the cleaned cooling lubricant passes to a cooling system in which it is adjusted back to normal temperature or to the required viscosity.

Abstract: A heavy oil emulsified fuel combustion apparatus is provided in which steam bubbles generated in the pressure reduction operation for dewatering a heavy oil emulsified fuel before combustion are prevented from mixing into a dewatered heavy oil side resulting in lowering of a dewatering efficiency.In a heavy oil emulsified fuel combustion boiler, a heavy oil emulsified fuel 101 is heated by a heater 110 and dewatered by a flusher 120 and then introduced into a boiler 10 for combustion, and water 152 obtained by the dewatering is sent to a water utilizing system of the boiler. The heavy oil emulsified fuel 102 is heated in a high pressure and then introduced into a pressure reducing device 200 to be applied by a pressure reduction by multi-stage orifices 201 for dewatering. The pressure reduction is done with a pressure reduction per stage of 1 to 3 ata.

Abstract: High-vacuum oil refinery systems and process are disclosed in this invention. The systems and process enables to carry out vaporization and distillation of oils under the condition of 1-10.sup.-4 Torr of high vacuum and at the temperature of not higher than 360.degree. C. and thereby removing possibility of thermal cracking while heating to be vaporized and easily produces high quality oil. The vaporized gases are centrifugally separated and liquefied by specific gravity using high-vacuum gas specific gravity centrifugal separators and thereby producing high purity oil of uniform quality. The process also carries out vaporization and distillation of the oil at the temperature of not higher than 360.degree. C. so that the process prevents vaporization of sulfur components of the oil, but simply drains the sulfur components along with the concentrated sludge oil and thereby distilling and desulfurizing the crude or heavy oil at the same time without using expensive conventional desulfurizing process.

Abstract: A solvent recovery system for an oil and grease test collects and condenses solvent vapors to recover solvent. A vessel having an inlet for sealingly receiving an outlet of a separatory funnel receives solvent from the separatory funnel. The solvent is filtered through a filter paper placed in a funnel integral with the vessel. The funnel has a lower tubular section protruding from the vessel. A vapor return tube, integral with the vessel, surrounds the tubular section providing an annular space between an inside wall of the vapor return tube and an outside wall of the tubular section. Filtrate flows downward through the funnel tubular section into an evaporation flask, where the solvent is heated and evaporated leaving an oil and grease residue. Solvent vapors flow upward through the annular space within the vapor return tube into the vessel. A condenser, integral with the vessel, receives and condenses the vapors forming a condensate that is collected in a solvent recovery flask.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and a process for reclaiming fuel oil from waste oil. The apparatus comprises a thermal cracking unit for cracking the high boiling hydrocarbon material into lighter, lower boiling, material so as to separate hydrocarbon vapor products from viscous materials; a condenser/heat exchanger for condensing the hydrocarbon vapor products to the liquid state; a fuel stabilization unit for chemically treating the condensates so as to give a oil product and solid sediment; and a polishing unit for forming a high quality fuel oil by physically removing solid contaminants. According to the present invention, high quality fuel oil can be obtained together with an environmentally innocuous solid ash cake, through a simple and efficient process.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of organic sludges, the process comprising the steps of:(a) feeding dried sludge through a first reactor (16);(b) heating the dried sludge in the first reactor (16) in the absence of oxygen for the volatilization of oil producing organic materials therein, resulting in gaseous products and sludge residue (char);(c) condensing oil from the gaseous products of the first reactor (16) in a condenser system (20);(d) reinjecting water free oil and/or non-condensable products, if any, into a second reactor (24);(e) transferring the sludge residue (char) from the first reactor (16) to the second reactor (24);(f) contacting the heated sludge residue from step (b) in the second reactor (24) with the oil and/or any non-condensable products of steps (c) and (d) in the absence of oxygen to allow the generation of clean products and a high quality oil product; and(g) removing the gaseous products from the second reactor (24).

Abstract: The invention provide a process for energy recovering through waste classification and calcination and an apparatus therefor, comprises crushing and sorting various types of wastes and by means of a series of classification, calcination and recovering treatments, recovering and reusing efficiently fuel oil, fuel gas and residues as well as electric power and heat required for the apparatus in the self-supplying feedback system of the invention, and additionally, lowering successfully the possibility of secondary pollution from wastes disposal.

Abstract: Gasses, water and solvents, major contaminants in used lubricating oils, can be removed from used lubricating oils at mild temperature conditions under vacuum. Apparatus in which the removal can take place includes a hollow vacuum separator vessel with a spray nozzle to spray an ultra fine spray of warm, used lubricating oil onto an angularly disposed thin film separator plate. In conjunction with the plate is a cooling device within the vacuum chamber. Cleaned oil can be passed from the bottom back into a holding tank, while water and solvents are drained out into a separate tank for safe disposal.

Abstract: An apparatus for recycling or decompstiong waste plastic is decomposed in a diluent such as hot oil through actions involving free readical precursors, such as polyvinyl chloride or polyurethane is achieved at low temperatures. The thermal decompostion (or pyrolysis) reaction is for about 1 hour at 375.degree. C. annd usable products, such as distillate, coke and oil are recovered. Additonally the diluent my ber recycled within the apparatus.