Abstract: Heat transfer devices, electronic devices, and methods for heat transfer with an external body. Heat transfer devices include a first disc, a second disc positioned adjacent to the first disc, and at least one spacer positioned between the first disc and the second disc. The first disc defines an aperture and comprises a pin cooling structure extending from around the aperture. The pin cooling structure comprises a distal end configured to facilitate heat exchange between the pin cooling structure and an external/adjacent/separate body and one or more side walls. At least one of the one or more side walls, the distal end, and the aperture at least partially define a pin volume. The second disc defines an inlet that is configured to (i) receive a fluid, and (ii) allow the fluid to flow from the inlet and into the pin volume.

Abstract: A cabinet comprising an outer wall which encapsulates an internal space comprising electronic components, the outer wall having a rupture line forming a release wall portion which by rupturing of the rupture line in response to an increased pressure in the internal space can be released and thereby define an opening forming arc-vent for the internal space. To protect against penetration of objects of a predetermined size into the electronic components, the cabinet further comprises a ventilation-open inner lining arranged in the internal space to cover the opening. If arcing should occur, the increased pressure may rupture the line and the opening will allow venting. In this situation, the inner lining prevents against penetration.

Abstract: A cooling system for a circuit breaker is provided. The cooling system includes a temperature management unit, a power assembly, and a heat dissipating assembly. The temperature management unit is structured to detect the temperature at one of the circuit breaker or the conductor assembly. The power assembly is structured to harvest energy from the circuit breaker. The heat dissipating assembly includes a number of convection units, each heat convection unit is disposed immediately adjacent a number of the heat exchanging element.

Abstract: A circuit interrupter having at least two sets of contacts that are electrically connected in series such that when the at least two sets of contacts are opened, they are opened simultaneously. This functions to increase the distance between the sets of contacts as the distance is additive for the series connected sets of contacts, which increases the arc voltage for breaking any arc that may form between the individual sets of contacts more effectively.

Abstract: A distribution panel includes a cabinet having a space formed therein and an inner partition positioned within the cabinet and partitioning a front power transformer (PT) chamber and a rear cable chamber, wherein the inner partition includes: a partition body, on which a bushing is disposed in a penetrating manner, having openings allowing an arc to pass therethrough; and an inner cover rotatably coupled to the partition body to open and close the opening, and rotated by an arc pressure when an arc accident occurs in the front PT chamber, to open the opening. Since an arc from the front PT chamber is spread to the rear cable chamber, pressure of the front PT chamber may be lowered, and a phenomenon in which a PT door is forcibly opened at a high speed is minimized, minimizing an accident.

Abstract: A switching device is disclosed, in particular a circuit breaker, with a thermal release, on which a moving switching piece is arranged by a contact link support. The moving switching piece is borne on a spring body and is arranged opposite stationary switching pieces. A heat-extraction apparatus composed of a heat-dissipating material is in each case arranged at the side, along the stationary switching pieces.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a conductive member for a circuit breaker high voltage portion conductor assembly, the conductive member including a body with a transfer portion and a coupling portion. The body transfer portion has an electro-thermally efficient contour. That is, the body transfer portion has an electrically efficient contour and a thermally efficient contour. The body transfer portion includes a number of slots defining fins. In this configuration, the body transfer portion distributes current generally evenly across a cross-sectional area of the conductive member body. Further, the fins provide heat dissipation via convection.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cooling pipe for a plasma arc torch, comprising a hollow cylindrical electrode body having a central internal core, at the front end of which an electrode core holder having an electrode core inserted therein is arranged, and a hollow cylindrical cooling pipe which is inserted into the internal bore in a sealing manner and which features an internal bore that form a cooling channel as a feed and, in the intermediate space between the outer circumference of the internal bore and the inner circumference of the electrode body, forms a cooling channel formed as a return, wherein the cooling pipe has, on the inner side thereof that is facing the electrode core holder, space-maintaining means (e.g. a spacer washer or wires or rods), which are suitable to rest on the front end of the electrode core holder.

Abstract: A contact arm for a circuit breaker includes a body extending along a body axis between a first end and a second end. The body includes an interior surface, an exterior surface, and a fin extending between the interior surface and the exterior surface. The body defines a fin opening adjacent the fin. The fin opening extends between the interior surface and the exterior surface. The interior surface defines a substantially hollow interior. A body opening is located at the first end in fluid communication with the interior. Air flows through the body opening, into the interior, and from the interior out through the fin opening to reduce a temperature of the contact arm.

Abstract: A filter capacitor accumulating direct-current power and a semiconductor device module performing a switching operation that converts the direct-current power accumulated in the filter capacitor to alternating-current power are electrically connected with each other through a laminated bus bar. The laminated bus bar has a first bus bar and a second bus bar in which a plurality of connection conductors are laminated through an insulator. The second bus bar is provided with heat radiating portions that are formed by exposing a part of the conductor in each flat plate surface.

Abstract: A spout assembly is provided. The spout assembly includes a spout and a spout base. The spout base has a cross-sectional area that is smaller than a spout sized to enclose an electrical switching apparatus electrical coupling. That is, the spout base includes a CT support surface with a cross-sectional area that is smaller than the spout cross-sectional area. Current transformers are disposed upon the spout base CT support surface.

Abstract: A cooling apparatus is provided for a switchgear having at least one primary contact to connect to a terminal of a circuit breaker, with a busbar joint connected to the primary contact. The cooling apparatus includes an evaporator associated with the primary contact. A condenser is located at a higher elevation than the evaporator. Heat pipe structure fluidly connects the evaporator with the condenser. Heat transfer structure is coupled with the busbar joint for removing heat from the busbar joint. Working fluid is in the evaporator so as to be heated to a vapor state, with the heat pipe structure transferring the vapor to the condenser and passively returning condensed working fluid back to the evaporator for cooling the at least one primary contact.

Abstract: The method of the invention makes it possible to cool electrical switchgear operating at medium voltage and high current, such as a circuit breaker. The method consists in inserting serially two heat pipes (11) inside said switchgear, putting a first end (11A) of the first heat pipe (11) in the hot portion of the hot portions (10A, 10C) of the circuit breaker (10) and a second end (11B) of the first heat pipe (11) in a portion that is cooler (10A) of the hot portions (10A, 10C). The other heat pipe (11) is put between the cooler of the hot portions (10A) and a cooler part of the circuit breaker (10). A particular application is provided for medium-voltage, high-current circuit breakers.

Abstract: A switching device is disclosed, in particular a circuit breaker, with a thermal release, on which a moving switching piece is arranged by a contact link support. The moving switching piece is borne on a spring body and is arranged opposite stationary switching pieces. A heat-extraction apparatus composed of a heat-dissipating material is in each case arranged at the side, along the stationary switching pieces.

Abstract: A device for connecting an electric line to a connection terminal for direct or indirect connection with a circuit breaker, which comprises at least one first electrically conducting body having a first end portion intended to be operatively connected to the terminal, and a second end portion intended to be operatively connected to a conductor element of the electric line, and at least one thermal conducting body comprising a hermetically sealed cavity containing a cooling fluid. The thermal conducting body is operatively coupled to the first electrically conducting body such that the hermetically sealed cavity has a first surface arranged in proximity to the first end portion and a second surface arranged in proximity to the second end portion.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a circuit breaker comprising: a vacuum chamber; a fixed contact and a movable contact disposed in a vacuum chamber; a fixed contact stem supporting said fixed contact in said vacuum chamber and extending outwards from a first end of said vacuum chamber; a movable contact stem supporting said movable contact in said vacuum chamber for reciprocal movement between contact with and separated from said fixed contact, and extending outwards from a second end of said vacuum chamber; a first electrical conductor coupled to said fixed contact stem; a second electrical conductor coupled to said movable contact stem; at least one heat dissipating means disposed for at least one of said fixed contact and movable contact; wherein, the heat dissipating means is hollow and has an external surface and internal surface; a plurality of fins provided on said internal surface constitute a passage through which air is convected in a direction parallel to that of reciprocal movement of movable conta

Abstract: In order to improve cooling performance of a switch unit or switchgear equipped with the switch unit, the switch unit includes a switch having a movable electrode and a fixed electrode and is casted as one body with a resin, the resin is provided with resin fins, and the thickness of the resin fin is changed so that the resin fin has a thickness sloped in the longitudinal direction of the resin fin.

Abstract: A cooling device for a circuit breaker which comprises a case having a front wall, a rear wall, an upper wall, a lower wall, two flanks, and a first series of side-by-side terminals and a second series of side-by-side terminals that protrude outside from the case for the connection of the circuit breaker with an electrical circuit. The cooling device includes at least one first body made of a thermal conducting material and which has a central portion suitable for being positioned transversally along and facing the first series of terminals so as to absorb heat generated at the first series of terminals, and a first end portion and a second end portion that protrude from the central portion and are configured so as to receive the heat absorbed by the central portion and to diffuse it outside the cooling device itself.

Abstract: A device for interrupting an electrical alternating current, which is driven by a high voltage, includes contact pieces that are connected to conductors and placed inside a contact housing. The conductors are guided in an at least partially displaceable manner, and the contact pieces can be transferred from a contact position into a non-contact position by means of a drive and of drive kinematics. The aim of the invention is to provide a switching device of the aforementioned type with which even higher currents can also be controlled. To this end, a heat tube with a fluid-tight heat tube housing is provided, which has an evaporation area, a condensation area, and a capillary structure extending between the evaporation area and the condensation area and being thermally coupled to both of them. The heat tube has a heat transfer means, and the evaporation area is connected in a heat-conducting manner to one of the conductors or to one of the contact pieces.

Abstract: An insulating material housing has a holding section, which is designed for holding a switching tube and which is fitted with an input connecting piece, and a drive section, which connects to the holding section in a longitudinal direction, has a drive opening for introducing a drive movement into the switching tube, and which is fitted with an output connecting piece. A ventilation shaft is provided that communicates with an inner space of the drive section. The object is to provide an insulating material housing of this general type with which, even in the event of large currents, a sufficiently high cooling capacity is provided. To this end, the ventilation shaft surrounds the holding section in the shape of a collar.

Abstract: A switchgear cabinet having at least one cabinet door and a fan-assisted air circulation on an interior for cooling heat-generating devices installed inside, which are disposed one above the other in tiers. With particular air circulation, the partial cooling air flows in the tiers and can be set and adjusted, to a large extent independently of one another.

Abstract: A wiring device, and more particularly a heat generating wiring device such as a dimmer, includes a heat sink in thermal contact with a heat-generating electrical component and the ground terminal to dissipate heat therefrom. The ground terminal is recessed in the housing to prevent a ground screw from contacting external insulation but without impeding connection of the ground wire to the ground terminal.

Abstract: A terminal structure of a vacuum circuit breaker is capable of effectively radiating heat when conducting electricity.

Abstract: Heat sinks are placed on the contact stems of a vacuum interrupter between the vacuum bottle and junctions with the terminal conductors to lower the temperature of these junctions. The heat sinks are formed by a stack of thin laminations having central openings with inwardly directed tabs which bite into and secure the laminations to the stems. The laminations have aligned slots forming axial passages for cooling air. Preferably, the slots are enclosed to eliminate sharp peripheral edges to reduce the potential for flash over. In one embodiment, the slots are not formed by removing material but by bending it out of the plane of the lamination to maximize heat radiating surface area and to generate turbulent cooling air flow for increased cooling efficiency. An axially extending peripheral lip can provide axial spacing between laminations.

Abstract: An improved arc-resistant switchgear enclosure is disclosed. The disclosed arc-resistant switchgear enclosure provides a cost effective means to collect and channel the pressure and hot exhaust gases from lower compartments and safely vent these gases through the switchgear enclosure. In preferred embodiments, an internal arc chamber is formed by assembling modules and creating a void within the center of the switchgear enclosure. As multiple compartments or modules for a switchgear enclosure are connected, an arc chamber is created within the enclosure. Upon initiation of an arc fault within a particular compartment, a relief flap or cover for that particular compartment opens to channel the pressure and the gases into the internal arc chamber or directly through the top of the enclosure. Pressure and gases vented into the internal arc chamber flow horizontally through the arc chamber until a path to the top of the switchgear enclosure is reached.

Abstract: Provided is an improved key switch for vehicles which can control the generation of heat from the contacts without increasing the size of the switch structure itself. The key switch may comprise a rotor, which rotates in accordance with the insertion and rotation of a key, a plurality of fixed contacts provided in a terminal support plate, a plurality of moveable contacts carried by the rotor which cooperate with the fixed contacts according to the angular position of the rotor, and a plurality of terminal plates for connecting the fixed contacts to onboard electric equipment and an onboard battery via a coupler. The terminal plates include a redundant or idle terminal plate which is commonly connected to the terminal plate for power supply, and promotes the dissipation of heat from the terminal plate for power supply, and increases the rigidity of the structure for supporting the coupler.

Abstract: A circuit breaker has a line terminal comprising a pair of vertically spaced resilient terminal strips which extend in the transverse horizontal direction out from the breaker's housing to free ends of the strips, and which strips have formed therein near those ends respective bends disposed opposite each other and vertically projecting away from each other to bound opposite sides of a circular cylindrical cavity defined between those strips. A horizontal rail for conducting current is aligned in its lengthwise direction normal to those strips, and the rail has a flange received in the cavity in electromechanical contact with the strips, and also, a web extending in the transverse horizontal direction from the front flange out beyond the terminal to a rear flange for the rail. The shape, size and mass of the rail promote reduction of the temperature generated at the line terminal by the inrush of current carried by the rail in the presence of a short circuit in the load served by the breaker.

Abstract: A molded case circuit breaker support and a circuit breaker enclosure are arranged with air transfer slots and passages to promote chimney effect cooling of the circuit breaker components. The slots in the circuit breaker support direct ambient cooling air onto the circuit breaker terminals while the passages through the enclosure direct the ambient air flow from the bottom to the top of the enclosure.

Abstract: In order to replace a dirty filter in a cabinet, the clean filter is introduced in an upper slot of the cabinet until it comes in contact with the paddle of switch. The clean filter is thus superposed on the dirty filter, and the dirty filter is retracted through the lower slot of the cabinet. The replacement of the filter is done without stopping the machine.

Abstract: The existent current and thermal path of a diaphragm and a movable rod contained within an electronic switch are paralleled with a shunt which does not have to support external loads, and can thus be made of material more ideally suited for the transfer and dissemination of heat generated by the passage of current upon actuation of the switching device.

Abstract: A cooling system for electronic circuit components mounted on a printed circuit board, includes a cooling plate having a coolant passage, thermal contacts arranged on the cooling plate to be in resilient contact with the surfaces of the electronic components, which are cooled via the thermal contacts by liquid coolant flowing through the coolant passage. The cooling plate has one or more shortcut passages, the cross-sectional area of which is smaller than that of the coolant passage, to mutually connect predetermined portions of the coolant passage. The liquid coolant can be discharged from the cooling plate via the shortcut passage.

Abstract: A two piece heat sink includes a first elongated mount/support member adapted at a first end for secure mounting on a printed circuit (PC) board and a second finned convector member adapted for secure, intimate coupling to a second end of the first mount/support member. The second convector member has a serrated aperture, or channel, therein and a plurality of fins disposed about its lateral periphery and aligned along the longitudinal axis of the first mount/support member so as to be oriented generally perpendicular to the plane of the PC board. The mount/support member is tapered along its length and its second end is beveled to facilitate its insertion within the second member's aperture to permit the mount/support member to be press fit coupled to the convector member.

Abstract: A cooling device located between a cooling plate having a first coolant circulating therein, and an electronic part to be cooled, mounted on a printed-wiring board, comprising a hollow part being thermally conductive, having a hollow chamber through which the first coolant circulates, and connected to the cooling plate by a flange part being thermally conductive, a thermal conduction plate attached to a surface of the electronic part and connected to the flange part by a bellows providing a space among the hollow part, the bellows and the thermal conduction plate, and a second liquid coolant filling the space for transferring heat from the thermal conduction plate to the hollow part by a convection current of the second coolant. The second coolant is made of alloy being chemically inactive to the bellows and having a low melting point so as to be liquid at ordinary temperatures.

Abstract: Overheating of the contacts and associated current-carrying parts of a vacuum type circuit breaker is prevented by fastening a U-shaped heat exchanger component of non-magnetic sheet metal to a protruding portion of the stem that is located at the top of the breaker bottle and is integral with the stationary contact. The U-shaped heat exchanger component is secured in inverted position on the stationary stem and the downwardly-extending skirts of the heat exchanger are slotted to provide a series of spaced ribs which form planar grid structures that allow ambient air to flow through the heat exchanger component and enhance its heat transfer characteristics.

Abstract: A continuous-current switch for shorting at least one superconducting magnet winding is provided with at least two contacts, each of which comprises several superconducting conductor sections which are arranged parallel to one another. The superconducting conductor sections are connected to support elements and are cooled by a cryogenic coolant. An actuating device is provided for joining the superconducting conductor sections together with a predetermined contact pressure. In order to ensure contact resistances are as low as possible for large superconducting magnets, the invention provides that the superconducting sections are arranged at the surfaces of the contacts facing each other in at least substantially parallel planes whereby the superconducting conductor sections of the first contact cross the superconducting conductor sections of the other contact.

Abstract: An improved electric control center comprising a plurality of drawout type switchgear units housed in a cabinet having incorporated therein an integral air-ventilation duct system of modular snap-fitting construction having at least one air intake opening located at the bottom of the cabinet, one air exhaust opening at the top of the cabinet, and a plurality of branch ducts that communicate with a plurality of tandem compartments that are in stacked relationship and contain the respective switchgear units. The heat generated by the switchgear units and associated bus bars is thus removed from the cabinet by the air flow through the ventilator duct system.

Abstract: A switch especially useful for interrupting high frequency induction heating currents is comprised of mating conical shaped contacts. The contact parts of the switch are water cooled by internal cooling channels which are not affected by making or breaking of the switch. The opposing contacts are mounted on separable pieces of the switch; when the clamp is released one side of the switch can be freely separated from the first part. Thus, inflexible high power electrical connections can be made and boken in a vacuum environment through physical movement of the coil and load.

Abstract: A permanent current switch for short circuiting a superconducting magnet with at least two contacts, in which the contact surface of one of the contacts has the shape of a calotte and the contact force (F) is at least 500 N, permitting the use of contacts made exclusively of normally conducting material and resulting in a simple, operationally reliable mechanism.

Abstract: A unipolar short-circuiter for high direct current at low voltage permits disconnecting of any of the cells of a series of electrolytic cells, for the production of chlorine or aluminum, for example, without disturbing or interrupting the functioning of the other cells. The short-circuiter according to the invention is equipped with two sets of movable contacts (26,32) controlled by a common shaft (24) and cooperating with two groups of current conductors having a deformable part (3,4,16,17) and cooled by circulation of water in the enclosures (9,22). FIG. 1.

Abstract: In a current feed for a superconducting magnet coil that can be short circuited, with a disconnecting device for separating a movable from a stationary cooled contact element, the mass ratio of the cooled contact element to the movable contact element is at least 5:1 and the cooled contact element is of elongated shape in the direction of the current flow, has a thermal resistance of at least 0.2 K/W for each 1000 amperes of current to be transmitted, has its end facing away from the contact region provided with cooling fins and is connected to the end of the coil, thereby keeping the amount of heat transmitted from the warm to the cold contact element relatively small and preventing undue warming of the coil end.

Abstract: An improved vapor-cooled terminal-bushing is provided for increased current-carrying capacity, such as 6,000 amperes, for example, in an oil-type circuit-breaker, being provided with a "dry" body portion, utilizing resinous materials, such as epoxy-resin formulations, for example.Preferably, the body portion of resinous materials, such as epoxy resin, for example, is composite, or of a two-piece construction, having an inner first epoxy-resin formulation having improved dielectric strength, and an outer-disposed externally-located "petticoat"-type insulating second body portion, having weather-sheds, the second weather-shed annular body portion being preferably cast directly onto the inner high-dielectric-strength first epoxy-body portion, and having some flexibility for adherence purposes.

Abstract: Metal-clad switchgear utilizing means to provide for self-cooling of the current transformers and primary disconnecting contacts. The support enclosure for the current transformers and the disconnecting contacts is apertured beneath the location of the current transformers, and air may enter the enclosure to cool the current transformers and contacts. A ventilating duct is in fluid communication with air within the enclosure, and transports the heated air from the enclosure to exhaust vents situated at the top of the metal-clad switchgear housing.

Abstract: A power contactor device includes at least one power relay contained within an electrically insulating plastic housing. Electrical busses carrying current to the relay contacts also serve as a means for removing the heat generated by those contacts and other electrical components within the housing. On the exterior of the housing, the busses have a large surface area and transfer heat through electrically insulating but thermal conducting material, such as alumina or beryllium filled epoxy, to a heat sink. The core of the relay is in metal-to-metal contact with the heat sink.

Abstract: A persistent current switch adapted to connect the ends of a superconducting coil together and to disconnect the ends thereof includes a vacuum casing and at least a pair of electrodes disposed in the vacuum casing in opposing relationship to each other. Each of the electrodes is provided with a highly conductive contact portion of high-purity metal having a very small resistivity at extremely low temperatures and with at least one superconducting contact portion of superconducting material in alignment with one another in the respective electrodes so that parallel current paths of the highly conductive contact portion and the superconducting contact portion may be simultaneously established when the electrodes are brought into contact with each other.

Abstract: Vacuum "bottles", or vacuum-type circuit interrupters are provided having heat pipes, or reflux condensers provided in the contacts and contact-stems thereof, to remove the generated heat from the interior of the vacuum-interrupter envelope at the contacts to the external parts of the interrupter, and thereby means of heat-dissipating fins, or other heat-dissipator structures disposed at strategic locations, permit the generated heat to be dissipated to the surrounding atmosphere.By the use of such heat pipes, or reflux condensers, associated with the contact structures of vacuum interrupters, the current ratings of the vacuum interrupters may thereby be increased, and the attained maximum temperatures are considerably reduced, over the situation which would exist if no heat dissipator were employed.

Abstract: In a high amperage switching apparatus comprising multiple, spaced apart, stationary first terminals, each in interruptable circuit communication with corresponding multiple, spaced apart, stationary second terminals, said communication being by movable knife type circuit interrupting means pivotably attached to each second terminal such that it will contact the corresponding first terminal at some point in the pivot arc, the improvement comprising removably and conductively attaching to at least one stationary first terminal, at least one primary sacrificial, bimetallic contact, having highly conductive lower attachment section and highly resistant contact tip and removably and conductively attaching to at least one corresponding movable circuit interrupting means at least one secondary sacrificial bimetallic contact, being comprised of multiple laminate highly conductive metal fingers backed by a spring, compression laminate, having a high resistant metal tip, said primary and secondary sacrificial bimetall

Abstract: An improved adjustable circuit-interrupter is provided capable of withstanding the forces of high momentary currents, while utilizing easily-made parts, many of which are common for different-rating breakers. The circuit-interrupter arrangement provides more rigidity than prior-art interrupter arrangements, and is capable of withstanding the tremendous lateral forces encountered and associated with high momentary currents passing through the interrupter. The arrangement represents a substantial cost reduction, when compared with the solid-insulation-type of pole-unit interrupter currently in production. A support-rod provides a means of adjustment of the height of the primary disconnecting contact fingers of the device, and eliminates the necessity of many critical dimensions on the pole-unit without compromising the ability of the roll-in-type circuit-interrupter to "plug" into a standard cubicle, or cell.

Abstract: A heavy current switch comprising two stationary contacts, each consisting of two parts which form, upon being joined together, inter-contact spaces between which there is a movable contact system with two groups of contact rollers which either close or break said inter-contact spaces and which are arranged at diametrically opposite sides of the movable contact system.The stationary contacts are either arranged parallel to each other or made as semicylinders enveloping the movable contact system.

Abstract: The reliability of radiation switches is improved in accordance with this invention by mechanically modifying the contact members of the switch structure to reduce the heat sinking effectiveness of the switch contact members.