Prior To Charging To Carbonizing Zone Patents (Class 201/8)
  • Patent number: 11840667
    Abstract: Described herein are systems and methods for the depolymerization of polyethylene-based plastics. In one embodiment, a method is disclosed that comprises combining a polyethylene-based plastic with a solvent in a reactor to generate a plastic solvent mixture, heating the plastic solvent mixture in the reactor, and fractionating the plastic solvent mixture into a gas phase product, a solid phase product, and a liquid phase product. In another embodiment, a system is disclosed that comprises a solvent, and a reactor configured to receive the polyethylene-based plastic and the solvent and convert the polyethylene-based plastic into a gas phase product, a solid phase product, and a liquid phase product, the reactor being configured to operate at a temperature greater than 275° C. and at a pressure greater than 2 megapascals.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 7, 2022
    Date of Patent: December 12, 2023
    Assignee: ARIZONA BOARD OF REGENTS ON BEHALF OF ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY
    Inventors: Shuguang Deng, Yixin Liu, Kapil Chandra Akula, Kodanda Phani Raj Dandamudi
  • Patent number: 11746296
    Abstract: The present technology describes methods and systems for an improved quench tower. Some embodiments improve the quench towers ability to recover particulate matter, steam, and emissions that escape from the base of the quench tower. Some embodiments improve the draft and draft distribution of the quench tower. Some embodiments include one or more sheds to enlarge the physical or effective perimeter of the quench tower to reduce the amount of particulate matter, emissions, and steam loss during the quenching process. Some embodiments include an improved quench baffle formed of a plurality of single-turn or multi-turn chevrons adapted to prevent particulate matter from escaping the quench tower. Some embodiments include an improved quench baffle spray nozzle used to wet the baffles, suppress dust, and/or clean baffles. Some embodiments include a quench nozzle that can fire in discrete stages during the quenching process.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 22, 2021
    Date of Patent: September 5, 2023
    Assignee: SUNCOKE TECHNOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT LLC
    Inventors: Chun Wai Choi, Rajat Kapoor, John Francis Quanci
  • Patent number: 11274881
    Abstract: A pyrolysis furnace having a heating chamber which surrounds a cylindrical pyrolysis chamber. The heating chamber is assembled from an upper part and a lower part, which can be joined. Each part of the heating chamber is provided with two rows of heating elements, which are arranged along the length of the housing of the heating chamber symmetrically relative to a vertical plane passing through the axis of the pyrolysis chamber. The heating elements are in the form of units, containing at least one flameless gas burner. The heating elements in the upper part of the heating chamber are arranged in a checkerboard fashion relative to the heating elements in the lower part. The furnace relates to power generation and the environment and is intended for the thermal processing of solid and free-flowing materials, particularly in processes for the pyrolysis of solid carbon-containing materials, including municipal and domestic waste.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 25, 2017
    Date of Patent: March 15, 2022
    Assignee: ThermoDeg s.r.o.
    Inventor: Vitali Aleksandrovich Zhdanok
  • Patent number: 9181509
    Abstract: Efficient coal pre-processing systems (69) integrated with gasification, oxy-combustion, and power plant systems include a drying chamber (28), a volatile metal removal chamber (30), recirculated gases, including recycled carbon dioxide (21), nitrogen (6), and gaseous exhaust (60) for increasing the efficiencies and lowering emissions in various coal processing systems.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 24, 2010
    Date of Patent: November 10, 2015
    Assignee: University of Wyoming Research Corporation
    Inventors: Alan E. Bland, Kumar Muthusami Sellakumar, Jesse D. Newcomer
  • Patent number: 9062917
    Abstract: A gasifier comprises an internal chamber, a slag collection region, a slag passageway, a slag breaker, and an actuator. The internal chamber comprises a main combustion region that is configured and adapted to gasify fuel. The slag collection region is located beneath the main combustion region. The slag passageway operatively connects the main combustion region to the slag collection region. The slag breaker comprises a face that is movable relative to the internal chamber. The face is configured and adapted to move within the slag passageway in a manner such that the face contacts and mechanically breaks solidified slag into chunks of solidified slag that then fall into the slag collection region. The actuator is connected to the slag breaker and is configured and adapted to move the face of the slag breaker.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 14, 2014
    Date of Patent: June 23, 2015
    Assignee: InnerPoint Energy Corporation
    Inventor: Gene Offutt
  • Patent number: 9034147
    Abstract: A method for reducing the coking time in the oven area near the door or end wall and for improving coke quality and situation of emissions by compensating for radiation losses through coke oven chamber doors and end walls is described. This compensation is accomplished by varying the height of the coal cake in the environment of the frontal coke oven chamber doors. The variation is achieved both by increasing or decreasing the coal cake over part of the length or over the entire length of the coke oven chamber door. The reduction in the height of the coal cake can be generated by omission of coal or coal compacts, the increase in height can be accomplished by stacking of coal and pressing or adding of coal compacts, with it also being envisaged to omit the pressing cycle so as to obtain a recess with a lower coal cake density which also has less heat radiation.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 11, 2010
    Date of Patent: May 19, 2015
    Assignee: THYSSENKRUPP UHDE GMBH
    Inventors: Ronald Kim, Rainer Worberg
  • Patent number: 9017521
    Abstract: A process for heat treatment of a solid, with a coolant solid, in which a stage for mixing the solid with the pre-heated coolant solid is carried out, with the coolant solid being a solid hydrocarbon. The solid hydrocarbon is ground, before the mixing stage with the solid, to obtain a solid hydrocarbon powder with a grain size of between 20 ?m and 300 ?m. The solid is ground, before the mixing stage with the coolant solid, to obtain solid pellets with a thickness of between 1 mm and 30 mm, a width of between 1 mm and 40 mm, and a length of between 1 mm and 100 mm. The mixing is carried out at a temperature of between 80° C. and 700° C.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 6, 2010
    Date of Patent: April 28, 2015
    Assignee: IFP Energies Nouvelles
    Inventors: Elena Garcia Sanz, Matthieu Rolland
  • Publication number: 20150090580
    Abstract: A process for treating a human remains comprises the steps of subjecting the remains to pyrolysis in a pyrolysis chamber under conditions that convert the particulate material to biochar remains.
    Type: Application
    Filed: May 7, 2013
    Publication date: April 2, 2015
    Inventors: Damian Tinsley, Joe Ennis
  • Patent number: 8936738
    Abstract: A disposal method for entirely recycling solid refuse includes the following steps: sorting, crushing, drying, pressing with high pressure to shaped articles, producing charcoal from combustible refuse in high temperature and firing incombustible refuse in high temperature, at last cooling high temperature articles to obtain solid fuel with various shapes and bricks or board used for building. The method achieves entirely recycling house refuse, especial solid refuse. The method recycles solid refuse to obtain fuel and building material with economic value. The method is simple and its processing cost is low.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 21, 2008
    Date of Patent: January 20, 2015
    Inventor: Qihui Lian
  • Patent number: 8927797
    Abstract: The method produces a hydrocarbonaceous fluid (a liquid mixture of hydrocarbons, or in other words a mixture of hydrocarbons which is liquid at ambient room temperature and atmospheric pressure), which functionally is a liquid hydrocarbon fuel, from a feed of waste plastic. The method can comprise the steps of: (step 1) melting a feed of substantially solid waste plastic in an aerobic atmosphere (for instance, air) whereby a waste-plastic melt is produced; (step 2) distilling at least a portion of the waste-plastic melt whereby a hydrocarbonaceous distillate is produced; and (step 3) collecting the hydrocarbonaceous distillate. That distillate is generally referred to above as a condensate. The method can include the step of comminuting the feed of substantially solid waste plastic into pieces substantially no greater than about 1.5 cm2 prior to step 1. The method can also include the step of adding an effective amount of a cracking catalyst to the waste plastic prior to step 2.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 2, 2011
    Date of Patent: January 6, 2015
    Assignee: Natural State Research, Inc.
    Inventor: Moinuddin Sarker
  • Patent number: 8920607
    Abstract: A method for producing individual compacts made of coke and suitable for coke oven chambers by dividing a coal cake in a non-mechanical manner, wherein the coal cake is produced by a compression method according to the prior art and the coal cake is divided by non-mechanical, energy-supplying media, and the non-mechanical media supplying shearing energy are, for example, a laser beam, a high-pressure water jet, an abrasive-solid jet, an ultrasonic beam, a compressed-air jet, or a gas jet. By using the method, coal compacts can be produced from coal cakes without forming dust, without wearing out cutting tools, and with high precision.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 14, 2010
    Date of Patent: December 30, 2014
    Assignee: ThyssenKrupp UHDE GmbH
    Inventor: Ronald Kim
  • Patent number: 8900415
    Abstract: A process and a unit for fluidized bed torrefaction and grinding of particles of a biomass with a largest dimension of 2 cm to 5 cm, and which unit contains an envelope having a general shape of a sector having a) two substantially vertical walls delimiting that sector; and b) at least one inclined wall defining three zones, from bottom to top: a lower zone provided with a fluidization means, and provided with a grinder placed at the bottom of that zone; an intermediate zone (2) provided with a fluidization means; and an upper zone (3) provided with a fluidization means; and a pipe (11) for introducing the particles reaching into the unit to the level of the intermediate zone.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 17, 2008
    Date of Patent: December 2, 2014
    Assignee: IFP Energies Nouvelles
    Inventors: Matthieu Rolland, Sylvain Louret
  • Patent number: 8888960
    Abstract: A method for compacting coal in a manner suitable for coke oven chambers is described. The coal is initially compressed by means of a suitable compressing device into one or more coal cakes, and the obtained coal cakes are divided into compacted products by a cutting device. The compacted products are stacked on top of the each other such that they can be loaded into a coke oven chamber for coking. The compacted products enable the coke oven chambers to be loaded in a precise and a coal loss-free manner. The coal compacted products are easy to store.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 13, 2010
    Date of Patent: November 18, 2014
    Assignee: Thyssenkrupp UHDE GmbH
    Inventor: Ronald Kim
  • Patent number: 8821692
    Abstract: Method for fast pyrolysis of lignocellulose including: mechanically comminuting the lignocellulose to lignocellulose particles; at least one of completely drying and preheating the lignocellulose particles; mixing the lignocellulose particles with heat transfer particles so as to provide a mixture; heating the heat transfer particles, prior to the mixing, to a temperature between 500° C. and 650° C.; and heating, in a pyrolysis reactor with oxygen excluded, the lignocellulose particles using the heat transfer particles so as to establish a temperature between 400° C. and 600° C. for 1 to 50 seconds and so as to react the lignocellulose particles so as to provide pyrolysis coke, pyrolysis condensate, and pyrolysis gas.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 22, 2006
    Date of Patent: September 2, 2014
    Assignee: Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie
    Inventors: Edmund Henrich, Friedhelm Weirich, Eckhard Dinjus
  • Patent number: 8696937
    Abstract: A process for obtaining petrochemical products from a carbonaceous feedstock is provided. The carbonaceous feedstock may be coal, coke, lignite, biomass, bitumen and the like. The carbonaceous feedstock is pulverized and fed to a pyrolysis reactor where the feedstock is pyrolyzed at 700-1000° C. at a pressure of 2-25 bar for 2-10 seconds, wherein the feedstock is entrained in hot syngas during the pyrolysis process.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 24, 2011
    Date of Patent: April 15, 2014
    Inventor: Keki Hormusji Gharda
  • Patent number: 8680349
    Abstract: The invention provides an apparatus and method for thermolysis of waste plastic in which reaction residue and carbonization products are continuously removed. The apparatus includes a feeding system, an extruder, a reactor for thermolysis, a dual agitator housed within the reactor, a trigger system in operative connection with the reactor, a flux heater, and a collecting system in operative connection with the reactor. The reactor for thermolysis has a height at least 1.5 times bigger than a diameter. The trigger system includes a circulation pump and the collecting system has a three-way valve in an external circulation loop. The apparatus is arranged such that the extruder follows the feeding system, the reactor follows the extruder, the trigger system is at a bottom of the reactor, and the flux heater and collecting system follow the reactor.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 30, 2009
    Date of Patent: March 25, 2014
    Assignee: Clariter IP S.A.
    Inventors: Daria Fraczak, Bartlomiej Karbowy, Bartlomiej Samardakiewicz
  • Patent number: 8674154
    Abstract: The invention provides an apparatus for thermolysis of waste plastics, particularly polyolefins. The apparatus includes a feeding system, an extruder, a main thermolysis reactor, a dual propeller/mixer housed within the reactor, and a discharging system. The height of the thermolysis reactor is at least 1.5 times bigger than the diameter. The apparatus is arranged such that the extruder follows the plastic feeding system, the thermolysis reactor follows the extruder, and the discharge system follows the thermolysis reactor. The invention also provides a method for using the apparatus for thermolysis of waste plastics. In this method, reaction feedstock, reaction residuals, and reaction products are removed continuously.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 28, 2009
    Date of Patent: March 18, 2014
    Assignee: Clariter IP S.A.
    Inventors: Andrzej Podeszfa, Bartlomiej Karbowy, Bartlomiej Samardakiewicz
  • Publication number: 20140069798
    Abstract: Provided herein is a method, device and installation for devolatizing a solid feedstock, comprising carbon-based waste selected from the group consisting of hazardous material, biomass, animal manure, tires, municipal solid waste and refuse derived fuel. The method comprises treating the solid feedstock to a produce a particle size laying between about 1 cm3 and about 100 cm3. The solid feedstock is passed into a jacketed system. The solid feedstock is contacted with a heated gas, comprising hydrogen, inside the jacketed system at a temperature of about 500° C. to about 1000° C. for a time of about 60 seconds to about 120 seconds, whereby the solid feedstock is converted into a gas stream and a solid stream.
    Type: Application
    Filed: September 10, 2013
    Publication date: March 13, 2014
    Applicant: D4 ENERGY GROUP
    Inventors: David Earle Hayward, Marvin Ronnie Baker
  • Publication number: 20140008204
    Abstract: A system for recycling carbon-containing material is provided. The system includes a reactor for heating the carbon-containing material to produce carbon-containing gases. The system further includes a condenser operably connected to the reactor for condensing a portion of the carbon-containing gases to provide condensed gas and non-condensed gas. The system further includes a conduit arrangement operably connected to the reactor and the condenser wherein the non-condensed gas from the condenser is returned to the reactor.
    Type: Application
    Filed: July 9, 2013
    Publication date: January 9, 2014
    Inventor: Sergey Dobrynin
  • Publication number: 20130214207
    Abstract: A process for obtaining petrochemical products from a carbonaceous feedstock is provided. The carbonaceous feedstock may be coal, coke, lignite, biomass, bitumen and the like. The carbonaceous feedstock is pulverized and fed to a pyrolysis reactor where the feedstock is pyrolyzed at 700-1000° C. at a pressure of 2-25 bar for 2-10 seconds, wherein the feedstock is entrained in hot syngas during the pyrolysis process.
    Type: Application
    Filed: October 24, 2011
    Publication date: August 22, 2013
    Inventor: Keki Hormusji Gharda
  • Patent number: 8460515
    Abstract: A biocoke producing apparatus has a reaction vessel that has a preset temperature range and pressure range for, without carbonizing of the pulverized biomass, inducing a pyrolytic or thermal curing reaction of lignin and hemicellulose thereof. The reaction vessel has a pressurization device for pressurizing to the pressure range, a heating device for heating to the temperature range in the state of the pressurization and a cooling device for cooling after maintaining of the above state. Multiple reaction vessels are provided. A pulverization delivery conveyor is provided superior to these reaction vessels, and each of the multiple reaction vessels is connected via a connection tube to the conveyor. The connection tube is provided with a pulverizate charging device for charging a given amount of pulverized biomass in accordance with a timing of pulverizate charging to the reaction vessels.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 22, 2008
    Date of Patent: June 11, 2013
    Assignees: Naniwa Roki Co., Ltd., Kinki University
    Inventors: Yoshimasa Kawami, Jun Satou, Tamio Ida
  • Publication number: 20130118885
    Abstract: A method for producing a vapor stream from waste plastic comprises providing a waste plastic feedstock into a reactor containing one or more residues produced from a previously heated source of waste plastic, and heating the waste plastic feedstock in the reactor to a temperature from about 125° C. to 500° C. to generate a vapor containing one or more hydrocarbons. The waste plastic feedstock can be heated in the reactor without any added external catalyst. The waste plastic feedstock can have a calcium to sodium mass ratio from about 0.0001 to 400 as measured by inductively-coupled plasma (ICP) spectrometry. The catalytic activity in the reactor may be provided through one or more constituent elements in the waste plastic feedstock or the one or more residues produced from the previously heated source of waste plastic.
    Type: Application
    Filed: November 7, 2012
    Publication date: May 16, 2013
    Inventor: Moinuddin Sarker
  • Patent number: 8425731
    Abstract: A carbonization process of rubber products, such as shredded waste tires, in a sealed carbonizing vessel whose operating pressure is below atmospheric pressure and under controlled high temperature environment while continuously being moved in a defined path at a controlled speed thus enabling the shredded tires to be fed constantly into the vessel while the by-products of the carbonization process are continually discharged.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 15, 2010
    Date of Patent: April 23, 2013
    Assignee: Advanced Pyrotech SDN. BHD.
    Inventors: Mazlan Ali, Siti Fatimah Mohd Shariff, Christopher John Webb
  • Publication number: 20130081934
    Abstract: According to various embodiments, systems and methods are provided for converting sewage, sludge, wet feedstock, animal waste, municipal trash, and/or other biomasses into combustible fuels. According to various embodiments, sewage is dewatered, pulverized, desiccated, pelletized, and/or subjected to pyrolysis in order to produce bio-fuels, combustible gases, and/or chars. Bio-fuels, gases and/or chars may be collected during and/or after pyrolysis for use as combustible fuels. According to various embodiments, the collected bio-fuels, gases and/or chars may be transported for later use as a fuel. The collected gases may be liquefied and transported for later use as a fuel.
    Type: Application
    Filed: October 4, 2012
    Publication date: April 4, 2013
    Applicant: PULVERDRYER USA, INC.
    Inventor: Levi New
  • Patent number: 8394240
    Abstract: A process for treating bituminous coal includes providing dried, pulverized coal, and treating the pulverized coal in a vessel with a gas stream having an oxygen content sufficient to form oxides on surface of coal particles. The treated coal is transferred into a pyrolyzing chamber and passed into contact with an oxygen deficient sweep gas, the sweep gas being at a higher temperature than the temperature of the coal so that heat is supplied to the coal. The process further includes providing additional heat to the coal indirectly by heating the chamber, wherein the heating of coal by the sweep gas and by the indirect heating from the chamber causes condensable volatile components to be released into the sweep gas. Some of the oxides are converted into paramagnetic mineral components, which are removed from coal to form a coal char having reduced ash and sulfur.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 10, 2009
    Date of Patent: March 12, 2013
    Assignee: C2O Technologies, LLC
    Inventor: Franklin G. Rinker
  • Patent number: 8366882
    Abstract: A process for treating agglomerating coal includes providing dried, pulverized, agglomerating coal, and treating the coal in a vessel with a gas stream having an oxygen content sufficient to form at least some oxides on surface of coal particles, wherein the oxides are sufficient to convert coal into substantially non-agglomerating coal. The treated coal is transferred into a pyrolyzing chamber and passed into contact with an oxygen deficient sweep gas, the sweep gas being at a higher temperature than the temperature of the coal so that heat is supplied to the coal. The process further includes providing additional heat to coal indirectly by heating the chamber, wherein the heating of coal by the sweep gas and by the indirect heating from the chamber causes condensable volatile components to be released into the sweep gas. The sweep gas is removed from the chamber and treated to remove condensable components of coal.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 10, 2009
    Date of Patent: February 5, 2013
    Assignee: C20 Technologies, LLC
    Inventor: Franklin G. Rinker
  • Patent number: 8350104
    Abstract: To provide a method for catalytically cracking waste plastics wherein the efficiency in decomposition is high; even polyethylene composed of linear chain molecules difficult in decomposition is decomposable at a low temperature and decomposed residue is hardly produced; the process is simple since dechlorination can be achieved at the same time with catalytically cracking waste plastics in one reaction vessel; and oil fractions can be recovered at 50% or more on a net yield basis. The method for catalytically cracking waste plastics of the present invention has a constitution in which waste plastics are loaded as a raw material into a granular FCC catalyst heated to a temperature range from 350° C. to 500° C. inside a reaction vessel, thereby decomposing and gasifying the waste plastics in contact with the FCC catalyst.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 18, 2011
    Date of Patent: January 8, 2013
    Assignee: Kitakyushu Foundation for the Advancement of Industry, Science and Technology
    Inventors: Kaoru Fujimoto, Xiaohong Li
  • Patent number: 8287723
    Abstract: This invention relates to biomass pyrolysis through the use of a hot liquid refinery feedstock as a heat transfer medium, preferably a vacuum gas oil feedstock.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 26, 2011
    Date of Patent: October 16, 2012
    Assignee: Phillips 66 Company
    Inventors: Andreas Jess, Dominic Kaufmann, Daren E. Daugaard
  • Publication number: 20120205228
    Abstract: A biomass fractionator and method are described for inputting ground biomass and outputting several vapor streams of bio-intermediate compounds along with syngas and biochar. In one embodiment, a method for biomass fractioning, comprises dispensing biomass into thin sheets of ground biomass; subjecting the thin sheets to ramps of temperature; and selectively collecting various groups of compounds as they are released from the thin sheets.
    Type: Application
    Filed: February 16, 2012
    Publication date: August 16, 2012
    Applicant: Cool Planet Biofuels, Inc.
    Inventor: Michael C. Cheiky
  • Patent number: 8211274
    Abstract: A solidified biomass consisting of semi-carbonized or pre-semi-carbonized solid matter is pressure-formed from raw biomass material while being heated and has a maximum compressive strength of 60-200 MPa and calorific value of 18-23 MJ/kg. A method for producing the solidified biomass: includes crushing raw biomass material; loading a barrel with the crushed raw biomass material; inserting a pressure applying piston into a hollow of the barrel; pressure-forming the crushed raw biomass materials by applying pressure with the pressure applying piston while heating the material; obtaining semi-carbonized or pre-semi-carbonized solid matter by retaining constant time of the heating and the pressurizing; cooling the semi-carbonized or pre-semi-carbonized solid matter while maintaining pressure to obtain a cooled solid; and taking out and drying the cooled solid, wherein the pressure applying piston and the hollow of the barrel have very small clearance between their outer and inner peripheries.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 23, 2007
    Date of Patent: July 3, 2012
    Assignees: Kinki University, Naniwa Roki Co., Ltd.
    Inventors: Tamio Ida, Akio Nakanishi
  • Publication number: 20120103781
    Abstract: A biochar generator to be carried by a vehicle may comprise a pyrolysis chamber, an auger, a heater, and a vapor condenser each connected to the pyrolysis chamber. The biochar generator may also include a synthesis gas collection chamber to collect synthesis gas, and a bio oil collection chamber to collect bio oil, each in communication with the vapor condenser. A biochar collection chamber may be included to collect biochar dispensed from the pyrolysis chamber.
    Type: Application
    Filed: October 26, 2011
    Publication date: May 3, 2012
    Inventor: THOMAS F. SMAIDRIS
  • Publication number: 20110284360
    Abstract: A method and apparatus for transporting and quenching coke, useful in quenching a batch of coke produced in one of a plurality of coke ovens forming a coke oven battery, is disclosed. A hot car defining a substantially planar receiving surface is positioned adjacent a coke oven of the coke oven battery, and a unitary cake of unquenched coke is placed onto the hot car receiving surface. The hot car and unquenched coke are transported to a transfer station having a dust collection system. A quenching car is positioned at the transfer station adjacent the hot car, under the dust collection system. The unitary cake of unquenched coke is dumped into the quenching car receptacle, thereby separating the unitary cake. At least a portion of the dust generated by separation is collected. The quench car is then transported to a quenching station, where the separated coke is quenched.
    Type: Application
    Filed: May 19, 2010
    Publication date: November 24, 2011
    Applicant: Westbrook Thermal Technology
    Inventor: Richard Westbrook
  • Patent number: 7932424
    Abstract: To provide a method for catalytically cracking waste plastics wherein the efficiency in decomposition is high; even polyethylene composed of linear chain molecules difficult in decomposition is decomposable at a low temperature and decomposed residue is hardly produced; the process is simple since dechlorination can be achieved at the same time with catalytically cracking waste plastics in one reaction vessel; and oil fractions can be recovered at 50% or more on a net yield basis. The method for catalytically cracking waste plastics of the present invention has a constitution in which waste plastics are loaded as a raw material into a granular FCC catalyst heated to a temperature range from 350° C. to 500° C. inside a reaction vessel, thereby decomposing and gasifying the waste plastics in contact with the FCC catalyst.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 27, 2006
    Date of Patent: April 26, 2011
    Assignee: Kitakyushu Foundation for the Advancement of Industry, Science and Technology
    Inventors: Kaoru Fujimoto, Xiaohong Li
  • Patent number: 7918973
    Abstract: A process for treating solid organic materials, especially for recycling treated wood, uses energy provided by hot gases at the bottom of a reactor column to perform a distillation operation which ensures splitting of organic bonds in the material and uses, as the distillation operation progresses, constant control between a first temperature of the hot gases before they are introduced into the lower part of the reactor column and a second temperature of a layer of the material located in an area immediately above the grid of the reactor column. When the first temperature and the second temperature are identical or virtually identical, corresponding to removal of all the organic bonds of the material by evaporation and transport by the hot gases from the bottom to the top of the column, the layer of material at the second temperature is removed in order to collect a material that largely consists of carbon and constitutes a secondary raw material.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 23, 2006
    Date of Patent: April 5, 2011
    Assignee: Thermya
    Inventor: Jean-Sebastien Hery
  • Publication number: 20110048915
    Abstract: The invention relates to waste processing and to producing hydrocarbons from domestic and industrial organic waste by pyrolysis. The inventive waste processing method involves carrying out the first and second pyrolysis stages, fractionating pyrolysis products and processing each fraction for producing useful products. The second pyrolysis stage is carried out simultaneously with the electromagnetic action produced on the pyrolysis products. The device for carrying out said method comprises a two-sectional pyrolysis reactor. An electromagnetic source is arranged on the second section of the reactor. The output of the second section is connected to a system for dividing the vaporous pyrolysis products. The technical result consists in increasing the waste processing effectiveness and producing solid, liquid and vaporous fuel components.
    Type: Application
    Filed: August 23, 2010
    Publication date: March 3, 2011
    Applicant: Zakrytoe Aktsionernoye Obschestvo "Finansovo- Promyshlennaya Gruppa'Tezaurum'"
    Inventor: Sergei Gennadievich Gaga
  • Publication number: 20110048916
    Abstract: The invention described herein generally pertains to utilization of high power density microwave energy to reduce organic compounds to carbon and their constituents, primarily in a gaseous state. The process includes, but is not limited to, scrap tires, plastics, asphalt roofing shingles, computer waste, medical waste, municipal solid waste, construction waste, shale oil, and PCB/PAH/HCB-laden materials. The process includes the steps of feeding organic material into a microwave applicator and exposing the material to microwave energy fed from at least two linear polarized sources in non-parallel alignment to each other, and collecting the material. The at least two sources of microwave energy are from a bifurcated waveguide assembly, whose outputs are perpendicular to each other and fed through waveguide of proper impedance, such that the microwave sources are physically and electrically 90° out of phase to each other. The microwave frequency is between 894 and 1000 MHz, preferably approximately 915 MHz.
    Type: Application
    Filed: March 25, 2010
    Publication date: March 3, 2011
    Inventor: John F. Novak
  • Patent number: 7846301
    Abstract: A method of production of blast furnace coke comprising drying mixed coal, then, or simultaneously with the drying, classifying it to fine-grained coal and coarse-grained coal, then adding to the fine-grained coal at a temperature of 80 to 350° C. a caking additive comprised of one or more of a heavy distillate of tar, soft pitch, and petroleum pitch, agglomerating it by hot pressing, then mixing the clumps of coal and the coarse-grained coal and charging and carbonizing the mixture in a coke oven.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 12, 2006
    Date of Patent: December 7, 2010
    Assignee: Nippon Steel Corporation
    Inventors: Kenji Katou, Isao Sugiyama, Yoshiaki Nakashima, Hiroshi Uematsu, Takashi Arima, Masahiko Yokomizo, Michitaka Sakaida
  • Patent number: 7628892
    Abstract: A system and process for the production of combustible substances by means of depolymerisation of rubber products, comprising a depressurized depolymerising device (1), inside which it takes place the depolymerisation of a predetermined quantity of products introduced at its inner, characterized in that it comprises a divider or phases separator (2) disposed downstream said depolymerising device (1), which consists of a substantially cylindrical body, with an upper base (20) and a lower base (21), and is connected with the depolymerising device (1) by means of a pipe (3): said phases separator (2) being apt to carry out the separation of at least a part of the liquid phase of the products exiting the depolymerising device (1), and having an outlet (23) for the thus separated liquid phase and an outlet (24) for the remaining part of the products in mostly gaseous phase.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 31, 2005
    Date of Patent: December 8, 2009
    Assignees: Pernilla Finanziaria S.A., Romana Maceri Centro Italia S.r.l.
    Inventor: Franco Fini
  • Patent number: 7531703
    Abstract: The present invention provides a method of recycling a plastic thereby forming a narrow spectrum of hydrocarbons having from 4 to 14 carbon atoms that can be directly used as gasoline without additional processing or refining. The method includes the step of feeding the plastic, selected from the group of polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, and combinations thereof, into a heated vessel for melting. The method also includes the step of decomposing the plastic at a temperature of from 400° C. to 500° C. in the presence of a metallocene catalyst and a zeolitic catalyst thereby forming the hydrocarbons having from 4 to 14 carbon atoms. The metallocene catalyst includes dichlorobis(2-methylindenyl)zirconium (IV). The zeolitic catalyst includes ammonium Y zeolite and has a pore size of from 1 to 4 Angstroms.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 6, 2006
    Date of Patent: May 12, 2009
    Assignee: Ecoplastifuel, Inc.
    Inventors: Swaminathan Ramesh, Joel Sibul
  • Publication number: 20090032383
    Abstract: The invention relates to coke production in general and specifically to methods and devices for the production of metallurgical coke from noncaking coals. The method comprises metering, crushing and mixing of coal, an adhesion agent, and an organic waste component to produce uniform feedstock and subsequent heating of the feedstock, wherein as the adhesion agent are used high boiling point products of plastic waste pyrolysis, which are added to the feedstock in an amount of 15% to 20% of the total feedstock volume and wherein the feedstock is heated in the temperature range 250° C. to 1100° C. The device comprises a fire-resistant coking chamber; heating ducts; burners; means for charging the material to be coked; a coke discharging means, wherein the device comprises a heating tank provided with a charging hole for charging plastic waste, organic waste, and catalysts; and with a flight conveyor for removing undissolved residues from said tank.
    Type: Application
    Filed: February 7, 2007
    Publication date: February 5, 2009
    Inventors: Gregory Abramovich Berezin, Alexander Arkadievich Teplitsky, Artem Valeriyovich Madatov
  • Publication number: 20080149471
    Abstract: A pyrolyzer and method is provided for devolatizing coal and other volatile materials. The pyrolyzer has a pyrolyzer furnace housing having at least two screws laterally positioned adjacent and overlapping rotatably mounted within the furnace for moving volatile material through the pyrolyzer furnace housing. The screws have hollow drive shafts with a diverter inside for converging heated fluid to heat the volatile material moving through the pyrolyzer furnace housing. A combustion chamber combusts fuel to create heated exhaust gas for directing through the hollow drive shafts to heat the volatile material. The pyrolyzer furnace housing may have a double wall with a cavity between, capable of receiving heated fluid for further heating of volatile material moving through the pyrolyzer furnace housing.
    Type: Application
    Filed: December 19, 2007
    Publication date: June 26, 2008
    Applicant: NUCOR CORPORATION
    Inventor: Richard A. Wolfe
  • Publication number: 20070289861
    Abstract: Relatively high speed methods for increasing the bulk density of coal particles, apparatus for increasing the bulk density of coal particles and methods for making metallurgical coke. Once such method includes depositing coal particles onto a charging plate external to a coking oven to provide an elongate bed of dry, uncompacted coal having an upper surface of the charging plate. The charging plate has side walls, and at least one movable end wall An impact pressure is applied to the upper surface of the bed of dry, uncompacted coal while degassing the coal to provide a dry, compacted coal bed having a bulk density ranging from about 960 to about 1200 kilograms per cubic meter.
    Type: Application
    Filed: June 16, 2006
    Publication date: December 20, 2007
    Inventors: Michael P. Barkdoll, Mark A. Ball, Daniel Korrect, Richard C. Retort, Donald M. Watkins
  • Patent number: 7264694
    Abstract: A retort heating apparatus for processing a feed material includes a heating chamber bounded at least in part by a side wall. A plurality of baffles are at least partially disposed within the heating chamber. Each baffle includes an elongated body having a top surface, at least a portion of the top surface being arched. The plurality of baffles are vertically and horizontally spaced apart so that substantially all of the feed material that vertically passes through the heating chamber is horizontally displaced as the feed material passes by the baffles. Systems are also provided for heating the feed material within the heating chamber.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 29, 2004
    Date of Patent: September 4, 2007
    Assignee: Oil-Tech, Inc.
    Inventors: Byron G. Merrell, Michael R. Keller, Roger K. Noble
  • Publication number: 20040148851
    Abstract: A method is provided for converting coal to coke by the steps of blending pulverized coal with water and a binder to a kneadable dough; and baking said dough in a reducing environment.
    Type: Application
    Filed: January 30, 2003
    Publication date: August 5, 2004
    Inventor: George Montgomery
  • Publication number: 20040079628
    Abstract: Closed apparatus and processes by which carbon feedstock, is composed of a mixture of non-coking coal fines and another carbonaceous material, such as waste coke fines are disclosed. The coal and coke fines are mixed together and may be formed into solid pieces. The mixture alone or as solid pieces is fired through pyrolyzation into solid pieces of coke, with solid and gaseous by-products of pyrolyzation being recycled for use within the coke-producing closed system, thereby reducing or eliminating release of undesirable substances to the environment. A char-forming binder may or may not be added to the carbon mixture prior to pyrolyzation.
    Type: Application
    Filed: October 22, 2003
    Publication date: April 29, 2004
    Inventors: Craig N. Eatough, Jon S. Heaton, Steven R. Eatough
  • Patent number: 6193837
    Abstract: A process for producing a brightness stabilization mixture of water-soluble organic compounds from biomass pyrolysis oils comprising: a) size-reducing biomass material and pyrolyzing the size-reduced biomass material in a fluidized bed reactor; b) separating a char/ash component while maintaining char-pot temperatures to avoid condensation of pyrolysis vapors; c) condensing pyrolysis gases and vapors, and recovering pyrolysis oils by mixing the oils with acetone to obtain an oil-acetone mixture; d) evaporating acetone and recovering pyrolysis oils; e) extracting the pyrolysis oils with water to obtain a water extract; f) slurrying the water extract with carbon while stirring, and filtering the slurry to obtain a colorless filtrate; g) cooling the solution and stabilizing the solution against thermally-induced gelling and solidification by extraction with ethyl acetate to form an aqueous phase lower layer and an organic phase upper layer; h) discarding the upper organic layer and extracting the aqueous
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 19, 1997
    Date of Patent: February 27, 2001
    Assignee: Midwest Research Institute
    Inventors: Foster A. Agblevor, Serpil Besler-Guran
  • Patent number: 6033528
    Abstract: A blast furnace coal is produced by rapidly heating a coal blend having 10 to 30% by weight of a non-slightly-caking coal having softening initiation temperature T with the balance including a caking coal having softening initiation temperature T.sub.0 (T.sub.0 .ltoreq.T +40.degree. C.) at a rate of 1.times.10.sup.3 to 1.times.10.sup.6 .degree. C./min to a temperature region from (T -60.degree. C.) to (T +10.degree. C.) wherein T represents the softening initiation temperature of the non-slightly-caking coal; or rapidly heating a non-slightly-caking coal having softening initiation temperature T and a caking coal having softening initiation temperature T.sub.1 separately at a rate of 1.times.10.sup.3 to 1.times.10.sup.6 .degree. C./min to a temperature region from (T -100.degree. C.) to (T +10.degree. C.), wherein T represents the softening initiation temperature of the non-slightly-caking coal, or a temperature region from (T.sub.1 -100.degree. C.) to (T.sub.1 +10.degree. C.), wherein T.sub.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 13, 1997
    Date of Patent: March 7, 2000
    Assignee: The Japan Iron and Steel Federation
    Inventors: Mitsuhiro Sakawa, Masaki Sasaki, Makoto Matsuura, Ikuo Komaki, Kenji Kato
  • Patent number: 5964985
    Abstract: A method of forming liquid hydrocarbons from solid coal. The coal is pulverized to provide a particulate coal feed, which is then extruded to provide a hollow tube of compressed coal supported inside of a support tube. A clay feed is extruded to provide a hollow tube of compressed clay supported inside of the coal tube and a combustible fuel is burned inside of the clay tube. The temperature of combustion is sufficient to fire the extruded clay and pyrolyze the extruded coal to produce hydrocarbon gases and coal char. The support tube has holes for releasing the hydrocarbon gases, which contain suspended particles formed during combustion. The suspended particles are removed from the hydrocarbon gases to provide clean gases, which are passed through an ionizing chamber to ionize at least a portion thereof. The ionized gases are then passed through a magnetic field to separate them from each other according to their molecular weight.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 23, 1997
    Date of Patent: October 12, 1999
    Inventor: William A. Wootten
  • Patent number: 5853548
    Abstract: A thermolysis process for the production of volatiles for an external combustor or liquefaction of biomass solids in which specific and previously unrecognized conditions are employed. The thermolysis is carried out in a single fluidized bed of inert material operating at near atmospheric pressure, relatively low temperature, long solids and gas residence times and moderate heating rates. The distribution of the thermolysis products among, solid (char) and gases under these conditions is unique. The product effluent can be either quenched to produce a high liquid yield in addition to a low char yield or the volatile effluent can be used in either the same combustor or a second combustor to produce heat energy a particularly high efficiency system. In using a quencher, the quenched liquid is of similar composition to those obtained by so called fast pyrolysis processes of the prior art. The specified conditions are such as to allow production of liquids in high yields in an energy efficient manner.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 11, 1996
    Date of Patent: December 29, 1998
    Assignee: RTI Resource Transforms International Ltd.
    Inventors: Jan Piskorz, Piotr Majerski, Desmond Radlein
  • Patent number: 5728271
    Abstract: A thermolysis process for liquefaction of biomass solids in which specific and previously unrecognized conditions are employed. The thermolysis is carried out in a single fluidized bed of inert material operating at near atmospheric pressure, relatively low temperature, long solids and gas residence times and moderate heating rates. The distribution of the thermolysis products among liquid (bio-oil), solid (char) and gases under these conditions is unique. In particular, contrary to the prior art, both high liquid and low char yields are obtained. Furthermore the liquid is of similar composition to those obtained by so called fast pyrolysis processes of the prior art. The specified conditions are such as to allow production of liquids in high yields in an energy efficient manner. The low severity of the conditions in comparison with previous approaches allows simplified process design and scaleup leading to lower capital and operating costs as well as easier control.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 20, 1996
    Date of Patent: March 17, 1998
    Assignee: RTI Resource Transforms International Ltd.
    Inventors: Jan Piskorz, Piotr Majerski, Desmond Radlein