Abstract: A robot and a collecting method for collecting polymetallic nodules in deep-sea are provided. The robot includes an underwater moving carrier and a collecting module, and the collecting module is fixedly mounted on the underwater moving carrier. The collecting module includes a collecting frame, a collecting pump, a rack and a collecting tube, the collecting frame is installed at the bottom of the rack, and the collecting pump is a piston pump, which includes a piston and a cylinder with open lower-end. The upper part of the cylinder is a collecting area, the lower part is a piston stroke area, the collecting tube is connected to the cylinder of the collecting area, and a check valve is arranged in the middle of the piston.

Abstract: A method and arrangement for manufacturing hot dip galvanized rolled high strength steel product is presented. The method comprises providing a rolled steel product, heating and annealing the rolled steel product for creating a layer of iron oxide on the surface of the rolled steel product, cooling the rolled steel product, having the iron oxide layer, in a first cooling step to a temperature in a temperature range of 560-600° C. and holding for 3-10 seconds, quenching said rolled steel product, covered with the layer of iron oxide, in a second cooling step by immersing it into a zinc bath comprising aluminium and having a temperature between 440-450° C. for 1-5 seconds and cooling the rolled steel product in a third cooling step to room temperature. An arrangement for implementing the method is also presented.

Abstract: A system for recycling machined metal produced by an electrochemical material removal process. The system includes a machining unit and an electrowinning unit. The machining unit includes an anode to receive a workpiece, a cathode tool, and a first pulse generator to provide a voltage or current waveform between the anode and the cathode tool. The electrowinning unit includes an electrowinning cathode, an electrowinning anode, and a second pulse generator to provide a voltage or current waveform between the electrowinning anode and the electrowinning cathode. The machining unit is in fluid communication with the electrowinning unit.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel copper foils used as components of wireless charging systems. The copper foils can be laminated to produce flexible copper clad laminates, which can then be etched to form printed circuits (coils). The coils can be used as either, or both, of a receiver wireless charging circuit and/or a transmitter wireless charging circuit. Regulation of the chemical and physical properties of the copper foil produces higher efficiencies in the wireless charging system components.

Abstract: The electrolysis of cuprous chloride was carried out in the electrochemical cell. The particle size, current density, cathodic current efficiency, conversion of cuprous chloride and yield of copper formed depends strongly on current flow, heat transfer and mass transfer operation. The current flow, heat transfer and mass transfer are depends on surface area ratio of anode to cathode, distance between electrodes, concentration of HCl, applied voltage, flow rate of electrolyte, CuCl concentration and reaction temperature. The electrolysis of cuprous chloride as a part of Cu—Cl thermochemical cycle for hydrogen production is experimentally demonstrated in proof-of-concept work.

Abstract: The electrochemical cell consists of hollow tube and centralized copper rod. The tubes have first and second ends. The first end cap is used to close the first open end. The anolyte inlet is extended through the first end cap in anolyte compartment and catholyte inlet is extended through the first end cap in catholyte compartment. The anolyte and catholyte compartments are separated by ion exchange membrane fixed over inner hollow tube having holes on the surface. A first Teflon gasket has provision for inlet of anolyte and catholyte tube is secured between first tubes end and first end cap. The copper rod is placed at the center of the tubes acts as cathode. The circular ring works as scrapper to take out deposited copper is provided. A second end cap is used to close the second open. A second Teflon gasket is secured between second tubes end and second end cap.

Abstract: A process for creating porous anode foil for use in an electrolytic capacitor of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator is provided. The process includes electrochemical drilling a plurality of etched metal foils in sequence one after the other in a bath containing electrochemical drilling (ECD) solution initially having a pH of less than 5. Alternatively, an etched foil sheet may be passed through the bath in a substantially continuous manner such that a portion of said etched foil sheet is in contact with the ECD solution is electrochemically drilled to generate pores.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for galvanically depositing an electrically conductive layer onto a carrier on which, at least in some regions, a starter layer suitable for electroplating is disposed. The apparatus has an electroplating bath in which an electrolyte for depositing conductive material is provided, at least two contact rollers which are disposed outside of the electroplating bath and which can be connected as cathode and/or anodes, and at least one deflection roller which is connected between the contact rollers, the position of the deflection roller being changeable between two contact rollers such that by changing the position of the deflection roller a distance to be covered by the carrier and which is formed between two contact points of two adjacent contact rollers corresponds to the extension of the starter layer to be coated.

Abstract: A metal film-plating system including an unwinding process part configured to provide a film, a degreasing process part configured to remove impurities from the film, an etching process part configured to perform an etching process on the film, a neutralizing process part configured to perform a neutralizing process on the film, a coupling process part configured to couple the neutralized film with a coupling agent, a catalyst-adding process part configured to adsorb a catalyst onto the coupled film, an underplating process part configured to perform an underplating process on the film, and a plating process part configured to perform a plating process on the film. Further, at least one of the unwinding process part, the degreasing process part, the etching process part, the neutralizing process part, the coupling process part, the catalyst-adding process part, the underplating process part, and the plating process part includes a wetting apparatus configured to perform a wetting operation.

Abstract: A band rejection filter with attenuation poles includes a plurality of series resonant circuits having end terminals connected in common and other end terminals connected in series via a plurality of transmission lines each having a length that is an odd multiple of about the one-quarter wavelength at the resonance frequency of the plurality of series resonant circuits, and a jump-coupling circuit for roughly coupling two of the plurality of series resonant circuits, which are not adjacent to each other, to each other.

Abstract: An apparatus for the superficial electrolytic treatment of metal strips, comprising several separate and non-communicating tanks, or containers, located along the path of metal strip (13). A series of electrodes in pairs (14?, 15?, 14?, 15?, 14??, 15??), arranged as tunnels, is situated along the path. Each pair is associated with a container (2?, 2?, 2??), in which an electrod 14?, 14?, 14??) of each pair is located above the strip and the other (15?, 15?, 15??) is located below said strip, in a reciprocally opposits position and at an appropriate distance. The electrode pairs alternately have opposite polarity and each of them is respectively associated with a container. Rollers (3, 3?, 3?, 3??) in pairs for strip pressing are situated at the common border of adjacent containes for the galvanic separation of the strip surface areas facing the electrode pairs of opposite polarity.

Abstract: A process and apparatus are provided for producing an electrolytically coated, hot-rolled steel strip without any intervening strips. The apparatus includes a chemical pickling section being combined in one line with an electrolytic coating section containing electrolytic cells so that the pickled steel strip is fed directly to the electrolytic coating section without any intermediate steps. The spent electrolyte solution from the electrocoating section to the pickling section to pickle the steel. The spent pickling acid can also be used to generate the electrolyte solution that is fed to the electrocoating section.

Abstract: A flow through capacitor system is provided having one or more movable electrodes. A movable electrode may be in the form of a movable belt structure or a roller. The system further includes at least one subsystem for removing ions that accumulate at the one or more movable electrodes.

Abstract: A pipe electropolishing system (10, 10a) for in place polishing of a pipe (28) has provision for detecting the instant position of a cathode (14) within the pipe (28) such as cable marks (52) and cable mark sensor (50), an infrared camera (60), heat sensing crayon marks (64), thermisters (66), and capacitance sensors (68), used individually or in combination. According to the inventive in place electropolishing method (80) when it is determined that the cathode is in a nonuniform portion (70) of the pipe (28), then increased polishing action is provided as by increasing the voltage using a variable power supply (30a) and/or by slowing down the progress of the cathode (14) using a variable speed cable puller (18).

Abstract: An apparatus for the superficial electrolytic treatment of metal strips, comprising several separate and non-communicating tanks, or containers, located along the path of metal strip (13). A series of electrodes in pairs (14′, 15′, 14″, 15″, 14′″, 15′″), arranged as tunnels, is situated along the path. Each pair is associated with a container (2′, 2″, 2′″), in which an electrode (14, 14″, 14′″) of each pair is located above the strip and the other (15′, 15″, 15′″) is located below said strip, in a reciprocally opposite position and at an appropriate distance. The electrode pairs alternately have opposite polarity and each of them is respectively associated with a container.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for at least partly removing a deposit created in the electrolytic refining or electrowinning of metal from the surface of the mother plate used as an electrode in the refining or electrowinning process, said device comprising at least one member for removing the deposit and at least one member for controlling the removal member with respect to the deposit to be removed. According to the invention, the device comprises at least one gripping element that is used for creating a mechanical contact between the deposit and the removal member, said gripping element being connected to a control member, to which there are coupled both the shaft part of the gripping element and the deposit removal member.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus for electrochemical mechanical processing of a surface of a workpiece by utilizing a process solution. The apparatus of the present invention includes an electrode touching the process solution, a belt workpiece surface influencing device extended between a supply spool and a receiving spool. During the process, the surface of the workpiece is placed in proximity of the workpiece surface influencing device and the process solution is flowed through the process section and onto the surface while a potential difference is applied between the electrode and the surface of the workpiece.

Abstract: (a) supplying a capacitor element manufacturing apparatus, in which the capacitor element manufacturing apparatus includes a polymerization tank, a polymerization solution contained in the polymerization tank, and a negative electrode put in the polymerization solution in the polymerization tank, (b) supplying a core material having a plurality of capacitor elements, in which each capacitor element of the plurality of capacitor elements has an anode lead-out portion and a cathode lead-out portion, (c) forming a formation film on the surface of the core material, (d) installing a conductive substance on the formation film, (e) adhering each anode lead-out portion of the plurality of capacitor elements having the conductive substance to a conductive tape, (f) immersing the core material having the anode lead-out portion adhered to the adhesive tape in the polymerization solution, and (g) forming a polymerization film on the cathode lead-out portion of the capacitor element by applying a voltage to the conductiv

Abstract: A mobile zinc stripping device for stripping zinc from cathodes comprising a moveable base frame, a cathode support frame to support the cathodes during stripping, a stripping assembly for stripping the zinc sheets from the cathodes and at least one power source for powering the stripping assembly. The stripping assembly includes a lateral stripper for separating an upper edge of a zinc sheet from each of the cathodes, the lateral stripper being adapted to bias away from the cathode immediately upon entering between the zinc sheet and the cathode, and a scraping device for completing removal of the sheet from each said cathode. The device also includes a cathode cleaner and a bottom up stacker assembly for stacking zinc sheets.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing metal foil, comprising a drum cathode having an outer plating surface. The drum cathode is partially immersed to a set level in an electrolyte bath and is rotatable in a fixed direction about a generally horizontal axis. A main anode assembly having a main anode is immersed in the electrolyte bath, the main anode having a semi-cylindrical curved anode surface facing the drum cathode. The main anode is dimensioned to be spaced from the plating surface of the drum cathode so as to define a generally uniform gap therebetween. An energy source is connected to the main anode for energizing the main anode. A chamber containing an electrolyte solution is disposed above the electrolyte bath and adjacent the cathode drum where the cathode drum exits the electrolyte bath. A treatment anode is immersed in the electrolyte solution in the chamber adjacent the drum cathode. An energy source is connected to the treatment anode for energizing the treatment anode.

Abstract: The electrodes have jet openings which jet the electrolyte to the steel strip, that is to say, the electrode is integrated with the nozzle which jets an electrolyte.

Abstract: Method and appartus suitable for forming promptly a phosphate film of excellent performance for cold drawing on the steel wires are disclosed. The steel wires are descaled by cathodic electrolysis in acid solution, and thereafter, phosphate film are formed by cathodic electrolysis on the steel wires. Contacting with the solution containing colloidal titanium are preferable to be carried out between cathodic descaling process and phosphate film forming process. Descaling of cathodic electrolysis may preferably be performed in acid solution at a temperature of lower than 90° C. and in 1˜100 A/dm2. Phosphate film forming may preferably be performed by using electrolyte containing Zn ion, phosphoric acid ion and nitric acid ion, at a temperature of lower than 90° C., in 1˜100 A/dm2 and for 1˜30 seconds.

Abstract: Process for electrolytic treatment of continuous running material in which the material runs through an electrolytic liquid and electric potential is applied to the material. In order to guarantee freedom from differential potential in the material to be treated in any form of electrolytic treatment, the differential potential in the treated material is measured after electrolytic treatment and at least the same degree of inverse compensating potential is applied to the material.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for pickling material strips made of steel, in particular stainless steel, where the strip passes through at last one pickling bath with at least one pickling acid. It is above all characterized by the fact that the acid concentration and/or the acid composition is controlled as a function of the material quality, of the pre-treatment and of the operating parameters of the pickling plant. Furthermore, the invention concerns a plant for carrying out the process, where at least two circulation tanks having different acid concentrations and/or acid compositions are provided.

Abstract: A method and a device for performing the method of electrolytic pickling of a metal strip. The metal strip continuously passes through an electrolyte bath which has an electrolyte circulating through a closed system. Crevices are formed on both sides of the metal with electrodes which are located above the top crevice and below the bottom crevice. The electrodes are of opposite polarity and are chemically resistant to the electrolyte. An electrical current is passed from one electrode, through one crevice, through the metal, through the other crevice and to the other electrode which results in the electrolytic pickling of the metal.

Abstract: A process is described for the electrochemical preparation of organosilicon compounds having at least one SiC-bound organic radical, a solution which contains at least one halosilane being subjected to an electrochemical reaction, an anode which contains a noble metal or an alloy consisting essentially of one or more noble metals having a halogen scavenger flowing around said anode.

Abstract: To permit continuous roll-off or stripping of metal in form of a ribbon, tape or foil from a rotating cathode roller or drum (3, 43) within a metal ion containing solution, the cathode roller or drum is cooled during operation and the solution of the processing liquid contains a halogen compound or a sulfur compound, for example zinc chloride, to obtain zinc in form of a ribbon, tape or foil. The cathode roller or drum is at least partly, and for example entirely submerged in the ion containing processing solution, rotatable about a horizontal or vertical axis, and the anodes (4, 44) are separated from the ion containing solution by a separating diaphragm or ion exchange membrane.

Abstract: A one-step electrolytic process and apparatus for producing metal foil, e.g., copper foil having a low profile treated surface for use in fabricating printed circuit boards, wherein primary foil is electrodeposited on a cathode in a first electrodeposition zone using a first current density while circulating electrolyte therein under turbulent flow conditions, and micronodules of the metal are electrodeposited on a matte surface of the primary foil in a second electrodeposition zone using a second current density greater than the first current density while circulating electrolyte therein under laminar flow conditions. A grain refining agent is employed in the electrolyte to further improve the quality. The process provides a low profile finished foil having a high peel strength.

Abstract: A device for eliminating lack of uniformity of coating on the edges of an electroplated metal strip, for use on continuous electroplating lines, includes at least one optical sensor for detecting the presence of a joint between metal strips and optical sensors for determining changes in strip width. A variety of tools, e.g. cutters, are provided for cleaning the edges of the strip. Actuators are provided for moving the tools toward and away from the edges of the strip. Optical sensors are used to detect the position of the edges of the strip. Magnetic sensors, with pressure springs, optimize the position, pressure and contact angle of the tools vis-a-vis the strip.

Abstract: Cathode includes a drum at least partly immersed in a metal ion solution and a flexible metallic band passing around the drum and driven by a drive roller outside the solution, both the cathode drum and the drive roller having axes which form an angle with a surface normal of the solution ranging between 20 and 70 degrees.

Abstract: In a process for the manufacture of a metal foil, the metal foil is deposited electrolytically on an endless carrier belt, preferably an endless metal belt, in one or more cells, the current density being set to different levels in the plurality of cells and/or within each individual cell. A post treatment of the meal foil manufactured takes place wholly or at least in part on the endless carrier belt, thereby metal foils, respectively metal composite foils can be manufactured at favorable cost and with low labor input.

Abstract: The continuous process for making a metal structured foil, especially a flat conductor line, a flexible circuit board and a heating foil, by chemically and electrochemically metallizing a nonconductor foil, comprises the steps of:a. chemically metallizing both sides of the nonconductor foil to form a metal layer on both sides,b. coating an activated surface which is not to be metallized,c. electrolytically removing the metal layer on edge regions of the rear side of the foil and from a plurality of surfaces not to be reinforced electrochemically on the front side(operating side) or on both sides, andd. cathodically polarizing the front side(operating side) of the foil by a current-carrying roller and simultaneously performing an electrochemical bath metallization, whereby chemical dissolution of the metal layers on the rear side and electrochemical reinforcement of the chemically metallized surfaces on a free portion of the front side(operating side) or both sides occurs.

Abstract: An installation for manufacturing an ultrathin foil by electrolytic deposition onto a moving cathode with eventual separation of the deposited material from the cathode is disclosed. The installation includes at least one anode having a plate perforated by a first series of orifices supplied with means of feed of electrolyte. The plate is also perforated by a second series of orifices which are suppled with means of evacuation of electrolyte. The installation of manufacturing includes the moving cathode which is comprised of a metallic belt extended taut between two parallel rolls, which are preferably horizontal. At least one of the rolls is motorized so as to cause the belt to rotate around the two rolls. A first set of the anodes is disposed facing a portion of the length of a first longitudinal run of the belt. Means of electrical connection are provided from the plate of each anode of the first set to the positive terminal of a source of continuous D.C. current.

Abstract: A method of thermal protection of a membrane-enclosed amperometric cell of the type comprising an electrolyte within an electrolyte space containing electrodes and enclosed by a semi-permeable membrane which defines a sensor face; heat exchange within said cell is effected for controlled heat compensation of the electrolyte when the sensor face is exposed to temperatures outside of the operative temperature range of the cell.

Abstract: An anode arranged very close to a cathode in an electrolytic circuit is constituted by a plate formed with first and second sets of orifices, both distributed over the surface of the plate. The first set is connected to electrolyte supply means and the second set to electrolyte discharge means with the aim of producing high turbulence in the narrow space between the anode and cathode.

Abstract: A drum for copper foil production by an electrodeposition method is composed of an inner support cylinder formed of a copper alloy material having both high electrical conductivity and good elastic properties, and an outer cylinder formed of titanium, zirconium or tantalum having good stripping characteristics which has been shrunk fit to the support cylinder. The support cylinder is provided with spaced raised portions. The alloy used to form the support cylinder is also chosen to have a substantially higher coefficient of expansion than titanium, zirconium, or tantalum.As a result of this shrink fitting process, the cylinder of titanium, zirconium or tantalum is biased into intimate contact with the raised portions only of the inner support cylinder. This effectively increases the pressure as, by reducing the interface area, the force per unit area increases.

Abstract: A galvanic coating apparatus for coating of relatively long objects. The coating apparatus is provided with a trough for accommodating a bath liquid with the trough including two opposite end walls, each of which are provided with an opening for permitting the long object to pass therethrough. The trough is disposed in a larger container which is also provided with two openings for accommodating the object to be coated. The openings in the trough and the container are arranged such that they are in alignment when the trough is disposed in the container.

Abstract: For stripping or peeling electrorefined or otherwise purified metal, which have been deposited on a set of cathode sheets, off the opposite faces of the sheets, these sheets are transported from an electrolytic cell into a rack and are therein held in side-by-side relationship with preassigned spacings therebetween. A plurality of stripper assemblies each comprising a pair of stripper plates normally held in face-to-face relationship with each other are disposed in coplanar relationship to respective cathode sheets within the rack and are moved into and out of the rack. When each stripper assembly is moved into the rack, as by a hydraulic cylinder, its pair of stripper plates slide over the opposite faces of the corresponding one of the cathode sheets thereby peeling off the high-purity metal.

Abstract: The improved method of the invention includes depositing, as by electroplating, a coating of porefree copper on a clean fresh plateable layer, such as selected metal oxide, on a surface of a flexible elongated metal strip or belt to form copper foil, stripping the foil from the layer, removing the layer from the belt and reforming it, as by electro-deposition or the like, as a fresh clean layer ready to receive a copper coating as above. The steps of the method are performed in separate treating zones and the method can be continuous.At least certain of the major treating zones preferably are in duplicate so as to facilitate maintenance thereof without interrupting the continuous production of the copper foil. In one embodiment the copper foil, before it is stripped from the plateable layer, is treated to increase its bondability to plastics.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved cathode arrangement for use in the electroformation of metallic filaments. The cathode includes a plurality of closed-loop plating surfaces that are congruent to, and interleaved with, each other. This pattern of plating surfaces facilitates the simultaneous stripping of a number of filaments reducing the likelihood of mutual interference among the filaments being stripped.

Abstract: Metal powders are made by electrolytically depositing discrete metal particles in the pores of a porous oxide surface of an anodized aluminum article followed by liberation of the metal particles by contact with a substance that will attack, e.g. dissolve, the oxide surface but not the metal particles.