Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the electrochemical polishing of metal surfaces by means of repeating pulse sequences, wherein at least one anodic pulse is provided, the current intensity of which rises continuously in the time curve up to a specifiable value. The invention further relates to the use of said method for components produced in 3-D and to a system therefor.

Abstract: Provided are a silicon ingot slicing apparatus capable of slicing silicon ingots in various forms such as blocks or wafers using microbubbles and wire electric discharge machining.

Abstract: A process for creating porous anode foil for use in an electrolytic capacitor of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator is provided. The process includes electrochemical drilling a plurality of etched metal foils in sequence one after the other in a bath containing electrochemical drilling (ECD) solution initially having a pH of less than 5. Alternatively, an etched foil sheet may be passed through the bath in a substantially continuous manner such that a portion of said etched foil sheet is in contact with the ECD solution is electrochemically drilled to generate pores.

Abstract: An apparatus, a method, a planar insulating substrate and a chipset have been presented, comprising at least one module configured to establish a predefined pattern on a planar insulating substrate so that conductive particles can gather according to the predefined pattern. At least one another module is configured to transfer the conductive particles to the planar insulating substrate, wherein the conductive particles are arranged to gather according to the predefined pattern. A sintering module is configured to fuse the conductive particles on the planar insulating substrate, wherein the conductive particles are arranged to fuse according to the predefined pattern to establish a conductive plane on the planar insulating substrate. Embodiment of the invention relate to printable or printing electronics on a fibrous web.

Abstract: A method of coating a magnesium-based substrate includes applying a first potential of electric current to the substrate and, after applying, immersing the substrate in an electrocoat coating composition. After immersing, a second potential of electric current is applied between the substrate and a counter electrode to deposit the electrocoat coating composition onto the substrate. The second potential is greater than the first potential. The method also includes curing the electrocoat coating composition to form a cured film and thereby coat the substrate. An electrocoat coating system includes the magnesium-based substrate, and the cured film disposed on the substrate and formed from the electrocoat coating composition. The substrate exhibits a negative charge from an applied first potential of electric current of ? approximately 40 V prior to contact with the electrocoat coating composition.

Abstract: Conventional electrochemical machining process requires fixed shaped tool cathodes, which makes retooling time consuming and expensive. Flexible tool cathodes include elastically deformable cathodes that can deform in two or three dimensions and can adapt to the contour of the workpiece while the workpiece is moving relative to the flexible tool cathode. That is, the flexible tool cathode can perform tracing. Certain flexible tool cathodes can be also used for special configurations such corners and edges. The flexible tool cathodes can be used to polish, finish, or shape the workpiece through electrochemical processes.

Abstract: A metal film-plating system including an unwinding process part configured to provide a film, a degreasing process part configured to remove impurities from the film, an etching process part configured to perform an etching process on the film, a neutralizing process part configured to perform a neutralizing process on the film, a coupling process part configured to couple the neutralized film with a coupling agent, a catalyst-adding process part configured to adsorb a catalyst onto the coupled film, an underplating process part configured to perform an underplating process on the film, and a plating process part configured to perform a plating process on the film. Further, at least one of the unwinding process part, the degreasing process part, the etching process part, the neutralizing process part, the coupling process part, the catalyst-adding process part, the underplating process part, and the plating process part includes a wetting apparatus configured to perform a wetting operation.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus for electrochemical mechanical processing of a surface of a workpiece by utilizing a process solution. The apparatus of the present invention includes an electrode touching the process solution, a belt workpiece surface influencing device extended between a supply spool and a receiving spool. During the process, the surface of the workpiece is placed in proximity of the workpiece surface influencing device and the process solution is flowed through the process section and onto the surface while a potential difference is applied between the electrode and the surface of the workpiece.

Abstract: A multi-process workpiece apparatus is disclosed. The multi-process workpiece apparatus includes an electrochemical deposition apparatus which has a wafer contacting surface having at least one electrical conductor disposed therein. The multi-process workpiece apparatus also includes a planarization apparatus and at least one workpiece handling robot configured to transport a workpiece from the electrochemical deposition apparatus to the planarization apparatus.

Abstract: (a) supplying a capacitor element manufacturing apparatus, in which the capacitor element manufacturing apparatus includes a polymerization tank, a polymerization solution contained in the polymerization tank, and a negative electrode put in the polymerization solution in the polymerization tank, (b) supplying a core material having a plurality of capacitor elements, in which each capacitor element of the plurality of capacitor elements has an anode lead-out portion and a cathode lead-out portion, (c) forming a formation film on the surface of the core material, (d) installing a conductive substance on the formation film, (e) adhering each anode lead-out portion of the plurality of capacitor elements having the conductive substance to a conductive tape, (f) immersing the core material having the anode lead-out portion adhered to the adhesive tape in the polymerization solution, and (g) forming a polymerization film on the cathode lead-out portion of the capacitor element by applying a voltage to the conductiv

Abstract: An apparatus for producing metal foil, comprising a drum cathode having an outer plating surface. The drum cathode is partially immersed to a set level in an electrolyte bath and is rotatable in a fixed direction about a generally horizontal axis. A main anode assembly having a main anode is immersed in the electrolyte bath, the main anode having a semi-cylindrical curved anode surface facing the drum cathode. The main anode is dimensioned to be spaced from the plating surface of the drum cathode so as to define a generally uniform gap therebetween. An energy source is connected to the main anode for energizing the main anode. A chamber containing an electrolyte solution is disposed above the electrolyte bath and adjacent the cathode drum where the cathode drum exits the electrolyte bath. A treatment anode is immersed in the electrolyte solution in the chamber adjacent the drum cathode. An energy source is connected to the treatment anode for energizing the treatment anode.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for electrochemically roughening a support is disclosed to minimize the occurrence of surface discharges or electrical discharges on the support. A DC voltage acts on the support at the start of the movement of the support through the electrolyte bath. Subsequently, a three-phase or single-phase current acts on the support in the roughening zone. Three-phase electrodes are arranged in the electrolyte bath and are connected to the secondary of a three-phase transformer. The primary of the three-phase transformer is connected, via control transformers to a three-phase power transformer. A DC electrode is located upstream of the three-phase electrodes in the direction in which the support is transported through the bath. The DC electrode may be connected to the positive pole of a DC source while the negative pole of this DC source makes contact with the support.

Abstract: Method and appartus suitable for forming promptly a phosphate film of excellent performance for cold drawing on the steel wires are disclosed. The steel wires are descaled by cathodic electrolysis in acid solution, and thereafter, phosphate film are formed by cathodic electrolysis on the steel wires. Contacting with the solution containing colloidal titanium are preferable to be carried out between cathodic descaling process and phosphate film forming process. Descaling of cathodic electrolysis may preferably be performed in acid solution at a temperature of lower than 90° C. and in 1˜100 A/dm2. Phosphate film forming may preferably be performed by using electrolyte containing Zn ion, phosphoric acid ion and nitric acid ion, at a temperature of lower than 90° C., in 1˜100 A/dm2 and for 1˜30 seconds.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved method for electroplating metallic ions onto a conductive substrate. In one embodiment, the method comprises at least partially covering a selected surface of the conductive substrate with an electrode wrap that includes a pad having an abrasive surface.The metallic ions are electrically depositing onto the selected surface through the electrode wrap while the conductive substrate is moved (e.g., rotated) relative to the electrode wrap. A substantially constant frictional force is controllably applied from the abrasive surface onto the selected surface while the metallic ions are being deposited. In this manner, a substantially constant abrasive force is applied to the selected surface as the thickness of the deposited metallic coating increases to create a relatively smooth, uniform, thick deposition that is substantially free of defects.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the continuous treatment of annealed and non-annealed hot strip of stainless steel. First, the hot strip is stretched, bent and straightened to break a scale which has grown on the hot strip. Then, a electrolytic pickling is performed in an electrolyte with multiple alternating anodically-connected and cathodically-connected strip polarization. Directly following thereafter, pickling once again takes place in the electrolyte with multiple anodically-connected electrodes arranged directly behind one another and corresponding cathodic strip polarization, followed by anodic strip polarization produced by means of a cathodically-connected electrode. To further remove any scale remaining on the surface of the hot strip, the hot strip is subject to high-pressure fluid spraying or brush aggregates. Renewed electrolytic pickling in performed with at least one electrolyte with multiple exclusively cathodically-connected electrodes and anodic strip polarization.

Abstract: In a method of continuously coating a conductive substrate such as brass wire to produce a desired cross-sectional size of coated material, the wire is drawn through a first die to produce an oversize wire, electroplate in a bath, and then drawn through a final die to reduce its area to the desired size and produce a controlled surface finish. The wire may be cleaned in an acid bath and rinsed in a rinsing bath prior to the electroplating bath. A further rinsing bath and dryer may be interposed upstream of the final die.

Abstract: This invention provides a method and an apparatus for removing scales from hot-rolled steel strips to produce steel strips with excellent surface conditions. In a pickling facility to pickle the hot-rolled steel strip, the pickling method of this invention passes an electric current through the continuously fed, hot-rolled steel strip in one or more of a plurality of pickling tanks. A means to supply an electric current is also provided.

Abstract: A method of descaling stainless steel which provides a smooth and glossy surface, comprises the steps of (a) anode-electrolyzing stainless steel having scales thereon in an aqueous neutral salt solution, (b) anode-electrolyzing or immersing the stainless steel in an aqueous alkaline solution. Steps (a) and (b) are performed in the order of either (a), (b), (a). The method further comprises the step of cathode-electrolyzing the stainless steel treated in the previous two steps in an aqueous nitric acid solution or immersing it in an aqueous solution of a mixture containing nitric acid and fluoric acid.

Abstract: The automatic plant for the continuous electroplating treatment of metal bars according to this invention comprises, in succession, an automatic introduction unit for bars to be treated, a degreasing and cleaning unit for the bars, an electrolytic treatment unit having one or more successive cells and associated devices for electrical contact with the bars in movement, a handling device for the bars, a final polishing or burnishing unit for the bars and an extraction and storage unit for the treated bars, wherein the automatic introduction unit for the bars possesses means for reciprocal electrical and mechanical connection in alignment of the bars successively introduced and the extraction unit possesses means for separating the successive bars and for storing them side by side, the handling device for the bars carrying out an axial movement of them simultaneously with rotation of the bars on themselves.

Abstract: A method of thermal protection of a membrane-enclosed amperometric cell of the type comprising an electrolyte within an electrolyte space containing electrodes and enclosed by a semi-permeable membrane which defines a sensor face; heat exchange within said cell is effected for controlled heat compensation of the electrolyte when the sensor face is exposed to temperatures outside of the operative temperature range of the cell.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for effecting slitting rolling on a steel sheet, wherein a wide steel sheet is slit in the breadthwise direction into a plurality of steel sheets having smaller width and the slit steel sheets are moved in the breadthwise direction to form and maintain a predetermined distance therebetween. The steel sheets are then rolled independently to have edge drops on both breadthwise ends thereof, and, thereafter, the slit steel sheets having edge drops are subjected to a plating step. According to the invention, it is possible to obtain plated steel sheet product of high quality by slitting rolling.

Abstract: A wire plating machine includes a tank whose interior walls are covered with insulation and which contains an electrolyte bath. Positioned on the bottom of the tank is a positive insulated electrode which creates positive ions, e.g., tin. A wire is drawn through the tank in a relatively straight line and is given a negative charge, while still in the bath, by passing it into a series of insulating housings along its path of travel. Within the housings there are elongated rods in contact with the wire and connected to a negative potential via shunt straps that pass through insulated tubes out of the bath to a voltage source. Upon leaving the bath, excess electrolyte is removed from the wire and it is subjected to a neutralizing rinse. Then the wire is wound up on a capstan of an intermediate drawing machine.

Abstract: The present application discloses an equipment for continuously processing a band-shape material comprising transverse sliding shafts disposed on a base table, a basal board which freely slides transversely along said transverse sliding shafts, transverse-feeding means by which said basal board is quickly and/or slowly moved transversely, vertical sliding shafts disposed on said basal board, a tool of abrasion in combination with elctrolytic polishing which freely slides vertically along said vertical sliding shafts, vertical-feeding means by which said tool is moved vertically against said basal board and a polishing head which is disposed on said tool and composed of electrodes for electrolysis and abrasive matters for abrasion and by which continuously sent band-shape material is polished.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for continuously electroplating wire or the like wherein two or more drums combine a power supply with a wire turn direction, each drum having a vertical and rotatable shaft, are provided; a wire or the like to be electroplated is wound on the drums in multiple stages so as to be run; an electroplating cell is positioned between the drums so that the wire to be electroplated is arranged to pass in and out of the electroplating cell in multiple stages and repeatedly; and, particularly, an end of the electroplating cell is provided with a slit for passage of the wire to be electroplated, the slit being provided with weir plates placed one on top of another such that the weir plates put each of wires in multiple stages running through the electroplating cell between upper and lower weir plates and passage holes for running the wires at multiple stages are formed at joints between individual weir plates.

Abstract: An efficient method of descaling metal sheets, such as titanium and stainless steel sheets, which includes carrying out anodic electrolysis using a metal sheet as the anode while sliding an abrasive member relatively to and on the surface of the metal sheet, is disclosed. The abrasive member essentially constitutes a fabric-like material made of synthetic resin.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus are disclosed for coating a metallic wire with a similar or dissimilar metallic plating layer having the desired uniform thickness and a compact metallic structure by passing the wire through electrolytic baths and through surface smoothing stations. The wire is passed through an electrolytic bath to coat the wire with a plating layer, then pressed against the peripheral surfaces of rotatable rollers to smooth the surface of the plating layer substantially over the entire periphery thereof. Subsequently the wire is coated with an electrolytic plating layer over the smoothed surface of the wire.

Abstract: A method of manufacture of hollow turbine blades for gas turbine engines comprises forming them in two parts and brazing the parts together. This requires very accurate machining of the two faces of the parts which are to be joined prior to the brazing process. The invention provides a method of machining two confronting faces of parts of an article which are to be joined together. The method includes the step of passing an electrolyte linishing belt (2) FIG. 4 between the confronting surfaces of the two parts (10,11) and in contact with both faces simultaneously while passing an electric current between the parts. Thus one or both faces of the parts are machined using one as the former for the other.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing a surface coating of a metal or metal alloy on the wall of an elongate cavity in a workpiece by means of electrolytic plating, the workpiece being used as cathode. An electrolyte containing ions of the metal intended for the coating is brought into movement inside the cavity with the aid of a conveyor, which consists of a resilient and electrically insulating material such as a perforated, net-like or fibrous strip, and which is wound helically round the anode. The strip is fringed or slit on the edge facing towards the cavity wall to form outstanding resilient fingers which are in contact with the cavity wall.

Abstract: Mill scales formed on the surface of a steel wire are continuously removed by causing the wire to pass through a plurality of pairs of electrodes which are connected to an electric power source and arranged in series in an electrolytic cell without contacting the electrodes. This apparatus is applicable in a continuous stretching equipment.

Abstract: A traveling wire electrical machining system makes use of a single-strand traveling wire which is guided in a plurality of passes across a workpiece to cut through the latter at a plurality of parallel locations. According to the invention, the machining power supply has a plurality of outputs each of which is connected to a respective stretch of the traveling wire, thereby equalizing the machining current for each of the multiple stretches.

Abstract: In a method of continuously plating wire electrolytically, acid crystal and liquid residues originating from the plating bath form on the wire. In order to remove these residues from the surface of the wire, the method of the invention comprises mechanically treating the surface of the wire while supplying a liquid to the wire prior to the mechanical treatment. The wire undergoes treating in the presence of the supplied liquid and the composition of the liquid and residues in such that the residues are not dissolved or emulgated in the liquid. The liquid with the residues can be collected and the residues separated from the liquid so that the liquid can be recycled back to the stage of mechanical treatment of the wire in a closed circuit.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrical conductor formed from a plurality of elongate filaments, at least a portion of which have a non-circular cross section, the filaments arranged such that the conductor has a substantially smooth exterior surface and high density of material of the filaments in a cross section through the conductor perpendicular to its axis. A preferred method for forming such an electrical conductor involves the continuous electroforming of a plurality of elongate conductive filaments. After such filaments are stripped from a cathode track upon which they are deposited, a number of them are bunched and/or twisted together to form an electrically conductive strand. Finally, that strand is compacted to reduce its cross sectional area to provide it with a smooth exterior surface.

Abstract: A continuous length, flexible, polymeric substrate has thin layers of copper clad to opposite sides thereof. Patterns of dry photopolymer material are applied to and mask selected portions of the copper to leave exposed other selected portions of the copper. The copper clad substrate is guided by a series of cathodic electrode rollers exterior of a copper plating bath into successive passes through the bath. Portions of the exposed copper contact the electrode rollers and couple the cathodic potential thereof to the bath to effect the plating of copper from the bath onto the exposed selected portions of the copper.Prior to initial engagement with the cathodic rollers, a series of protrusions are formed in portions of the exposed copper at a height relative to the thickness of the photoresist material sufficient to insure that the copper, by virtue of the protrusions, contacts the electrode rollers to facilitate the plating operation notwithstanding the intervening photoresist material.