Abstract: Provided herein are systems, methods and apparatuses for a battery powered electroplating barrel and methods of use.

Abstract: A device for inspecting a bump height includes an illumination device, an imaging device, and a control device. The illumination device irradiates a substrate with light. The substrate includes a resist and a bump formed on an opening portion of the resist. The imaging device images a pattern of the resist and the bump. The control device evaluates a height of the bump based on a luminance value of image data of the pattern obtained by the imaging device.

Abstract: A capacitor element for use in high voltage environments is provided. More particularly, the capacitor element contains an anode that includes a solid electrolyte that overlies an anode. The anode includes a sintered porous pellet and a dielectric layer having a reduced degree of crystallinity formed on a surface of the pellet and within its pores.

Abstract: Various embodiments herein relate to methods and apparatus for electroplating metal on a substrate. In many cases, an electroplating process may be monitored to ensure that it is operating within a pre-defined processing window. This monitoring may involve application of a controlled potential between the substrate and a reference electrode after the electroplating process is substantially complete (e.g., after recessed features on the substrate are substantially filled). The current delivered to the substrate during application of the controlled potential is monitored, and a peak current is determined. This peak current, often referred to herein as the potential-controlled exit peak current, can be compared against an expected range to determine whether the electroplating process is operating as desired.

Abstract: A method of producing a composite heat dissipating structure by depositing a slurry of graphene particles upon a copper foil, drying the slurry to form a layer of graphene in contact with the copper foil, and consolidating the layer of graphene under pressure to reduce the thickness of the graphene layer and recovering the composite heat dissipating structure. Heat dissipating copper foils and composite heat dissipating structures and electronic devices incorporating the same are also disclosed herein.

Abstract: A process for forming coatings on metallic web, the process including: immersing at least three metallic webs in an electrolytic solution contained in a reaction chamber; passing wave multiphase alternating current across said metallic webs by using back-to-back thyristors connected in parallel; moving the metallic webs through the electrolytic solution; and removing the coated webs from the reaction chamber.

Abstract: A process for creating porous anode foil for use in an electrolytic capacitor of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator is provided. The process includes electrochemical drilling a plurality of etched metal foils in sequence one after the other in a bath containing electrochemical drilling (ECD) solution initially having a pH of less than 5. Alternatively, an etched foil sheet may be passed through the bath in a substantially continuous manner such that a portion of said etched foil sheet is in contact with the ECD solution is electrochemically drilled to generate pores.

Abstract: An improved plating system comprises a plurality of non-electrically conductive shields forming an elongated upper channel and an elongated lower channel, the upper and lower channels each having a width less than or equal to one inch; a plurality of part holding clamps electrically coupled to a power source and positioned within the upper channel or the lower channel; a plating solution sparger comprising a series of inlets oriented to direct any plating solution flowing through the inlets into the lower channel and towards the upper channel; and a plurality of anodes positioned outside and along the length of the upper and lower channels.

Abstract: A plating apparatus includes a plating vessel for holding a plating bath containing at least metal ions, a conveying device for conveying a long conductive substrate and immersing the long conductive substrate in the plating bath, a facing electrode disposed in the plating bath so as to face one surface of the conductive substrate, a voltage application device for performing plating on the one surface of the conductive substrate by applying a voltage between the conductive substrate and the facing electrode, and a film-deposition suppression device fixedly disposed in the plating vessel so that at least a portion of the film-deposition suppression means is close to shorter-direction edges of the conductive substrate. At least a portion of the film-deposition suppression device close to the shorter-direction edges of the conductive substrate is conductive.

Abstract: An apparatus for the superficial electrolytic treatment of metal strips, comprising several separate and non-communicating tanks, or containers, located along the path of metal strip (13). A series of electrodes in pairs (14?, 15?, 14?, 15?, 14??, 15??), arranged as tunnels, is situated along the path. Each pair is associated with a container (2?, 2?, 2??), in which an electrod 14?, 14?, 14??) of each pair is located above the strip and the other (15?, 15?, 15??) is located below said strip, in a reciprocally opposits position and at an appropriate distance. The electrode pairs alternately have opposite polarity and each of them is respectively associated with a container. Rollers (3, 3?, 3?, 3??) in pairs for strip pressing are situated at the common border of adjacent containes for the galvanic separation of the strip surface areas facing the electrode pairs of opposite polarity.

Abstract: A method of electro-plating comprises providing an anode current for a target, applying an electron beam to the surface of a target and passing electrolyte between said target and anode, thereby to deposit material on said target. An electron beam gun directs an electron beam onto web while anode provides a current thereby depositing material on the web.

Abstract: A cathode current control system employing a current thief for use in electroplating a wafer is set forth. The current thief comprises a plurality of conductive segments disposed to substantially surround a peripheral region of the wafer. A first plurality of resistance devices are used, each associated with a respective one of the plurality of conductive segments. The resistance devices are used to regulate current through the respective conductive finger during electroplating of the wafer. Various constructions are used for the current thief and further conductive elements, such as fingers, may also be employed in the system. As with the conductive segments, current through the fingers may also be individually controlled. In accordance with one embodiment of the overall system, selection of the resistance of each respective resistance devices is automatically controlled in accordance with predetermined programming.

Abstract: A transport system for the implementation of electrolytic deposition, coating or etching; and more particularly, an apparatus for selective electrolytic metallization and deposition utilizing a fluid head arrangement. A method is provided for making and maintaining an electrical contact with a product being processed in a transport system employed for selective electrolytic metallization and deposition, coating or etching. The method of making and maintaining an electrical contact with a product being processed may be utilizing a fluid head arrangement.

Abstract: An oxidation electrode is formed with a front-surface-side electrode member and a back-surface-side electrode member, and two switches are provided respectively between a power supply and the front-surface-side electrode member and between the power supply and the back-surface-side electrode member. Since the front-surface-side electrode member and the back-surface-side electrode member are separate, an aluminum plate and other structures provided in a anodizing bath do not hinder a replacement of the electrode members, so that the replacement can be carried out easily and at low costs. Since the front-surface-side electrode member and the back-surface-side electrode member can be independently turned on and off for a single side treatment, the energy efficiency can be improved and switching between the single side treatment and the double treatment can be facilitated.

Abstract: Copper foil produced on a rotating drum cathode machine, wherein each of the outer edge portions of a web of the foil has a thickness greater than the thickness of the central portion of the web. In the process and apparatus used to electrodeposit the foil on a drum cathode, electric current is passed through an electrolyte to the cathode from outboard edge anodes at a current density greater than the current density passed from a central anode to the cathode.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus enabling simultaneous electrolytic tinplating of bottom and top surfaces of continuous-strip flat-rolled steel substrate while moving in the direction of its length, are disclosed. Both surfaces are plated in a first cell of a multi-cell horizontally-oriented tinplating line. The stannous ion plating source and the source of electrical power, for each surface, differ. Tin pellets for an upper surface anode are confined in a solution-permeable material confined, within an electrically-conductive lining. Dissolution of surface iron from the steel strip is substantially eliminated, improving the stannous ion plating solution quality, eliminating requirements for harmful additives, and increasing the variety of electrolytically tinplated continuous-strip steel products and processes.

Abstract: A method for coating a metal strip using a coating metal, in particular for coating a steel strip using zinc or a zinc/nickel compound, by means of at least one electroplating cell through which current flows and which contains an electrolyte through which the metal strip is passed, the current effecting the deposition of a layer of coating metal on the metal strip, and the current being controlled by a so-called monitor controller that has a process model and a controller part. The current is controlled in such a way that a layer of a desired thickness is deposited on the metal strip, the controller part being adjusted to the altered state of the coating plant in the event of changes in the state of the coating plant, in particular when a new metal strip enters or the coating falls below a minimum intended layer thickness.

Abstract: This invention provides an apparatus for electrolytic treatment capable of removing the ununiformity according to the frequency and can achieve high treating speed and high current density treatment, which comprises etching a metal web electrolytically using alternating waveform current continuously, wherein a frequency-variable means having an ability to vary frequency of an electric power supply of said alternating waveform current arbitrarily is provided, and a method therefor.

Abstract: A method and system for electroplating a metal coating onto a continuous part, such as the leadframe stock used in packaging integrated circuits, whereby the method comprises plating metal from a series of plating baths having the same or compatible chemical composition, supplying a continuous electrical connection between the D.C. power supply via a rotating contact held in intimate contact with the cathode, and cooling the contact by using the plating solution itself.

Abstract: A method and circuit (14) for monitoring an electroplating operation of an electroplating machine (10) of the type having a first electroplating cell (18) for depositing nickel onto an integrated circuit leadframe (12) and a second electroplating cell (19) for subsequently depositing palladium onto the leadframe (12). A first current (30) is applied in the first electroplating cell (18) to form a nickel deposit on the leadframe (12) and a second current (31) is applied in the second electroplating cell (19) to from a palladium deposit on the nickel deposit. The second current (31) is greater than the first current (30) if the electroplating machine (10) is operating normally. The first current (30) and second current (31) are compared in a comparator (44) during the electroplating operation, and if the second current (31) is less than the first current (30), an error signal is generated on an output line (50). If desired, the electroplating machine (10) may be stopped in response to the error signal.

Abstract: An electrodeposition cell for electrodepositing metal onto a surface of a rotating drum that is partially immersed in an electrolytic solution. The cell includes an anode comprised of a main anode body portion and an anode extension portion. The main anode body portion has an arcuate main anode body surface having a radius of curvature slightly larger than the radius of curvature of the drum. The main anode body portion is totally immersed in the electrolytic solution adjacent the drum wherein a generally uniform gap is formed therebetween. The anode extension portion has an anode extension surface facing the drum and at least one opening extending therethrough. The anode extension portion is disposed within the electrolytic solution wherein a portion thereof extends above the electrolytic solution and the electrolytic solution can flow through the opening.

Abstract: A system and method is provided for electrolytic pickling a metal strip, where the electric current is conducted through the strip indirectly without electrically conductive contact between the strip and the electrodes. The strip is run vertically or substantially vertically through the process, and the electrolyte liquid is fed in between the strip and the electrodes.

Abstract: This invention provides an apparatus for producing an electrode foil for use in aluminum electrolytic capacitors with which a high capacitance is obtained while the distortion of the foil and the leakage current can be controlled. At least two electrode plates as cathode are disposed in an electrolytic tank containing an electrolytic solution, and a direct current is supplied between an aluminum foil as anode and the electrode plates. Anodization is conducted continuously by turning the direction of the aluminum foil via rollers and conveying the foil between the electrode plates. During this treatment, the length and the position of the effective sections of the electrode plates are adjusted to keep the length to be at most two-thirds of the distance between an area near the surface of the electrolytic solution and the upper part of the bottom roller, so that the peak value of the anodizing current density appears not at the surface of the electrolytic solution but in the electrolytic solution.

Abstract: An arrangement for the electrogalvanic metal coating of strips which travel through an acid electrolyte enriched with metal includes at least one insoluble anode arranged parallel to the strip, wherein the current flows to the strip switched as the cathode, and wherein metal is deposited from the electrolyte on the surface of the strip. Each anode is divided into anode strips parallel to the travel direction of the strip, wherein the anode strips are insulated relative to each other and each anode strip is individually supplied with current.

Abstract: Process for electrolytic treatment of continuous running material in which the material runs through an electrolytic liquid and electric potential is applied to the material. In order to guarantee freedom from differential potential in the material to be treated in any form of electrolytic treatment, the differential potential in the treated material is measured after electrolytic treatment and at least the same degree of inverse compensating potential is applied to the material.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the continuous treatment of annealed and non-annealed hot strip of stainless steel. First, the hot strip is stretched, bent and straightened to break a scale which has grown on the hot strip. Then, a electrolytic pickling is performed in an electrolyte with multiple alternating anodically-connected and cathodically-connected strip polarization. Directly following thereafter, pickling once again takes place in the electrolyte with multiple anodically-connected electrodes arranged directly behind one another and corresponding cathodic strip polarization, followed by anodic strip polarization produced by means of a cathodically-connected electrode. To further remove any scale remaining on the surface of the hot strip, the hot strip is subject to high-pressure fluid spraying or brush aggregates. Renewed electrolytic pickling in performed with at least one electrolyte with multiple exclusively cathodically-connected electrodes and anodic strip polarization.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods of measuring, adjusting and uniformalizing a sectional area ratio of a metal-covered electric wire, a method of cleaning an electric wire, a method of manufacturing a metal-covered electric wire, an apparatus for measuring a sectional area ratio of a metal-covered electric wire, and an apparatus for electropolishing a metal-covered electric wire.Electric resistance values of first and second materials are previously stored respectively so that a sectional area ratio of a metal-covered electric wire is calculated on the basis of the as-stored values and an actually measured electric resistance value of the metal-covered electric wire. Measurement and uniformalization of a sectional area ratio of a metal-covered electric wire and cleaning of an electric wire are carried out by dissolving surface layer parts of the electric wires by electropolishing.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell comprised of a tank for holding electrolytic solution, and a drum rotatable about a horizontal axis having a non-conductive cylindrical outer surface disposed within the tank, and a plurality of elongated, like anodes arranged about the outer surface of the drum. The anodes together form a generally continuous cylindrical surface spaced from, and generally conforming to, the outer surface of the drum. Each of the anodes has at least one end projecting through the tank. A plurality of power sources is provided together with connection means for connecting groups of one or more of the projecting ends of the anodes to each power source.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods of measuring, adjusting and uniformalizing a sectional area ratio of a metal-covered electric wire, a method of cleaning an electric wire, a method of manufacturing a metal-covered electric wire, an apparatus for measuring a sectional area ratio of a metal-covered electric wire, and an apparatus for electropolishing a metal-covered electric wire.Electric resistance values of first and second materials are previously stored respectively so that a sectional area ratio of a metal-covered electric wire is calculated on the basis of the as-stored values and an actually measured electric resistance value of the metal-covered electric wire. Measurement and uniformalization of a sectional area ratio of a metal-covered electric wire and cleaning of an electric wire are carried out by dissolving surface layer parts of the electric wires by electropolishing.

Abstract: Apparatus for the electroplating of thin plastic films (1), which are provided on one or both sides with a conductive coating and, if appropriate, may be provided with through-holes, comprises a conveying device (20 to 23) which moves the plastic film (1) horizontally in the region of the chamber (6) filled with electrolyte. The bonding devices (9 to 16), which bring the plastic film (1) to cathodic potential, are located outside the chamber (6) in the "dry". The conveying device includes at least one pair of squeezing rolls at both the inlet and the outlet of chamber (6), the circumferential speed of the pairs of squeezing rolls increasing in the direction of movement of the plastic film (1).

Abstract: A hydrocyclone plant comprises a great number of hydrocyclones (1) arranged in a plurality of separate assemblies (10, 10A, 10B). Each hydrocyclone assembly includes branch pipes (6, 6A), to which the hydrocyclones of the assembly are connected in parallel relationship to one another. There are main pipes (13) of the same number as that of the branch pipes of each assembly, the branch pipes of each assembly being connected to said main pipes, respectively. According to the invention, clamping means (8, 9) are provided for releasably clamping each hydrocyclone substantially transversely against at least one of the associated branch pipes (6, 6A) of the latter, and the individual assemblies include various numbers of hydrocyclones, for optimizing the desired capacity of the hydrocyclone plant.

Abstract: Process for the electrolytic pickling of continuously advancing electrically conductive material, wherein the treatment periods as compared with purely chemical treatments are to be shortened respectively the length of the treatment plant is to be shortened and wherein the attack of aggressive ions onto the electrode material is to be counteracted for the attainment of longer life expectancies, in particular of the anode. The material to be treated is subjected to at least one cathodic treatment in a first vessel and merely an anodic treatment in an immediately following vessel, and the electrical circuit between the electrodes of different polarities in successive vessels is completed by way of the material being treated. In the apparatus according to the invention at least one anode dips into one of the successive vessels, whereas all electrodes in the immediately following vessel are of cathodic polarity.

Abstract: In a method of producing an electrolytic copper foil by passing an electrolyte between a rotating cathode drum and anode located opposite to the cathode drum, the thickness of the resulting copper foil is made uniform throughout. The anode has a structure including a main portion and an end portion, the end portion being divided widthwise into n foil thickness-uniformizing sub-anodes. Electricity is supplied to the main anode and the sub-anodes at a preset current density D (A/dm.sup.2) to attain a target foil thickness T (g/m.sup.2). Variations of thickness in the direction of the width of the resulting copper foil are measured as the thicknesses Tm (g/m.sup.2) where m=1-n in the direction of the width of the copper foil corresponding to the n sub-anodes, and the quantities of electricity being supplied to the n sub-anodes are individually controlled at current densities Dm (A/dm.sup.2) where m=1-n so that Tm values are made equal to the target foil thickness T (g/m.sup.2).

Abstract: A mechanically roughened substrate is conveyed through an electrolytic bath and is given a superposed electrochemical roughening, which is carried out by means of electrodes which are arranged in the electrolytic bath at a specific spacing from the substrate. The electrodes are connected to corresponding windings on the secondary side of a three-phase transformer. The corresponding windings on the primary side of the three-phase transformer are connected to a three-phase frequency converter, to which three-phase current is applied via leads. The three-phase frequency converter transforms the line frequency of the three-phase current supplied into a frequency range of about 50 to 300 Hz at a voltage of between about 1 and 380 V.

Abstract: An apparatus for continuous electrolytic treatment of an article of aluminum web or an aluminum alloy including an electrolytic part, a pre-stage power supply part provided upstream of the electrolytic part, a post-stage power supply provided, downstream of the electrolytic part and a power source, at least one electrode in the pre-stage power supply part and at least one electrode in the post-stage power supply part part being connected with one pole of the power source, and at least one electrode of the electrolytic part being connected with the other pole of the power source. This apparatus can decrease a running cost such as the electric cost and the cooling cost as well as the facilities cost, can conduct a high speed treatment and increase the thickness of a film without fusing an aluminum article, even if the aluminum article has a small sectional area, such as a wire, a foil or a thin web.

Abstract: An electrolytic treatment apparatus for continuously electrolyzing an elongated product of aluminum or an aluminum alloy at a low electrolyzing voltage and reduced amount of electric power. The apparatus includes at least one electrolytic section and front- and rear-side power supply section disposed respectively at front and rear sides of the electrolytic section in the longitudinal direction of the elongated product in the electrolytic section. Each of the power supply sections contains at least one electrode, and the electrolytic section contains a plurality of electrodes. The electrolytic section and the power supply sections are filled with an electrolyte in which the elongated product and the electrodes is immersed.

Abstract: An electro-chemical etch device for selectively removing material from an electrically conductive surface. At least two electrodes are each at least partially immersed in an electrically conductive fluid and aligned across the surface, proximate to corresponding regions of the surface. A mechanism is provided to move the surface through the fluid, past the electrodes, transversely to the direction of alignment of the electrodes. A control mechanism electrically coupled between the electrodes and the surface controls electrical current flow into or out of the fluid at each of the electrodes. The conductive surface and the conductive fluid are selected such that the rate of material removal at any point on the conductive surface is substantially dependent upon the surface density of electrical current flow into or out of the fluid at that point.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for electrochemically processing an anodic material in strip form, such as the stainless steel print bands used in high speed printers. Also provided is an electrochemical process including electroetching, electropolishing, or both to obtain microfinishing of the material. Moreover, an electrolyte is provided which is a mixture of phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, and glycerol in which the material removal rate is controlled by the addition of small amounts of sodium chloride. The electrochemical process operates at ambient temperature over a wide range of current density.

Abstract: A process and circuitry for the electrolytic coloring of an anodized article of aluminum or aluminum alloy in a coloring bath containing at least one metal salt for coloring the article. The process comprises applying to the coloring bath a controllable, asymmetrical and substantially sinusoidal a.c. voltage of substantially constant frequency. The sinusoidal a.c. voltage is obtained from a voltage source supplying a symmetrical sinusoidal a.c. voltage and at least one of the two current paths is divided into two parallel main lines and fed to electrical components whereby the amplitude level of the positive half wave and the amplitude level of the negative half wave and the ratio of the amplitude level of the positive half wave to the amplitude level of the negative half wave of the a.c.

Abstract: A dimensionally stable anode for high-speed galvanizing processes comprising a plurality of substantially parallel, foraminous layers, in electrical contact with each other, each layer comprising an inert, electroconductive substrate with an oxygen evolving electrocatalytic coating, characterized in that the current density of each individual layer is substantially the same and does not exceed the value corresponding to the minimum desired lifetime of the anode. The number of layers is sufficient to provide the total current density required for the high-speed galvanizing. The anode further comprises spacers suitable for preventing short-circuits.

Abstract: In an electrochemical machining system a continuous web metal is moved through a working region around a conductive roller in electrical contact therewith. Part-cylindrical cathodes are disposed coaxially with the roller a slight distance radially therefrom to define a working gap between the cathodes and the web. The positive and negative terminals of a DC source are respectively connected to the roller and the cathodes and an electrolyte fluid is injected under pressure through bores in the cathodes into the working gap and removed therefrom through other bores in the cathodes or establish a current flow between the web and the cathode for removing material from the former. Retainers confine the electrolyte emitting laterally from the working gap, and electrolyte falling vertically therefrom is collected in a basin. The speed of movement of the web around the roller may be varied as a function of the thickness of the machined web.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for checking and obtaining in a moving mode the continuity of a metal covering on a metal wire of different nature belonging to the group of a wire being treated by a current strength and issuing from a covering bath and wire, the treatment of which is achieved and coming from a storage wheel. The method comprises continuously bringing the coated wire in contact with a volume of electrolyte solution chemically and physically inert with respect to the wire, and in which the sensitive part of a reference electrode is immersed, sliding the wire issuing from the volume against an electrical contact, measuring the electrical potential variations between the electrode and the contact, and when the potential current oscillates, noting the poorly covered wire and increasing the current strength on the wire being treated.

Abstract: An electroplating apparatus for high-speed electroplating a cathodic strip of metal passed therethrough. The apparatus includes an elongated cell subdivided into a plurality of sub-cells defined by bottom and side walls and slotted partition walls for passage of the strip from one sub-cell to the next. Each sub-cell is provided with a pair of anodes, and means are provided for circulating electrolyte continuously in and through each sub-cell. The elongated cell is mounted within a surrounding sump tank which functions to collect and remove the overflowing electrolyte. The anode pairs present in each sub-cell are preferably activated in time sequence, proceeding from one end to the other of the cell.

Abstract: An apparatus for automatically maintaining plating current density within a predetermined range while controlling plating current to produce a desired plating thickness includes means for energizing only the number of plating cells required to maintain plating current density within the predetermined range. The total plating current required to produce the desired plating thickness is distributed among the energized plating cells. Decreases in the number of energized plating cells is made at speed values which are less by a hysteresis value than speeds at which the number of energized plating cells is increased to avoid instability due to normal speed reading variations.

Abstract: An apparatus in which plating currents of a plurality of successive plating cells are normally automatically controlled in accordance with line speed to maintain uniform plating thickness, and in which the number of energized plating cells is increased or decreased in accordance with line speed to maintain plating current density within a predetermined range, includes tracking or timing facilities for progressively changing plating currents of plating cells in correspondence with movement of the strip being plated through the cells after the number of energized cells has been increased or decreased so as to reduce plating thickness variation on the portion of the strip within the plating cells at the time of the change in the number of energized cells.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for the continuous electrolytic treatment and/or coating of a moving metallic strip whilst changing the spacing between the strip and at least one electrode as a function of deviations (distortions) of the strip normal to the direction of movement of the strip in order to automatically maintain an optimal spacing so as to keep the voltage drop in the electrolyte low and save energy. For that purpose feeler means are provided to determine the deviation and generate a first signal. A second signal is generated as a function of the velocity of the strip. The period from the moment of detecting the deviation to the moment of its arrival at the electrode, reduced by the response period for changing the spacing, is computed. The period needed for passing through the electrode is computed.

Abstract: Process for regulating the quantity of metal electrolytically deposited on a continuously travelling band to be coated in a coating plant comprising a plurality of tanks filled with electrolyte. The process comprises determining experimental curves of the yield as a function of the strength of the supply current of each bridge of the plant, collecting (32) indications relating to the bridges in operation or out of operation, establishing analog values of the strength for each bridge and of the maximum strength of the current for all of the bridges, measuring the velocity of the travel of the band (37), establishing set values (39) relating to the quantity of metal to be deposited, measuring the total quantity of metal deposited by means of a gauge employing a periodic scanning, determining the lower and upper means of the quantity of metal measured by the gauge in each scan, and establishing a regulation model from the aforementioned data.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process and apparatus for electrochemical treatment in a static mode or in a feed motion mode of the surface of metal products of elongate shape.The process is characterized in that cathodic and anodic zones are produced within the same volume of electrolyte, the zones being separated from each other and being displaced parallel to the product in a cyclic manner.The process is carried out in a cell having a single compartment in which there are at least four electrodes, two of which have voltage applied thereto.The invention is applied more particularly to aluminium, magnesium, titanium and alloys thereof, in order to provide for regular treatment of the entire surface of the product.

Abstract: In the process for continuously anodically oxidizing one surface of strips of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, a direct current is caused to act on the strips, by at least one anode and at least one cathode, which are arranged in an aqueous electrolyte. The anode(s) and cathode(s) electrochemically act, from opposite sides and simultaneously, on the strip which moves past them and which is, in particular, substantially horizontally conveyed past the substantially horizontally arranged electrodes.A device for carrying out a process of this kind comprises (a) at least one treating bath (2) which is filled with an aqueous electrolyte (3), (b) at least one anode (5) each, which is arranged in the electrolyte, below the strip (1) to be treated, and (c) at least one cathode (4) each, which is arranged in the electrolyte, above the strip (1) to be treated.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for electrolytic treatment employing graphite electrodes wherein an asymmetrical waveform alternating current is applied to the electrodes to subject a metal web to a continuous electrolytic treatment. A graphite electrode in a treatment section is arranged confronting the metal web. Two graphite electrodes in current supply sections are arranged respectively upstream and downstream of the graphite electrode in the treatment section relative to a direction of movement of the metal web. Two auxiliary anode electrodes in the current supply sections are arranged respectively upstream and downstream of the two graphite electrodes in current supply sections. A part of an asymmetrical alternating waveform current is supplied to the auxiliary anode electrodes so that a current causing a cathode reaction on the surfaces of the graphite electrodes is made larger than a current causing an anode reaction thereon.