Abstract: An electrolytic system for heating water containing a conductive salt in solution. An electrolytic cell in the system includes a non-conductive housing having an inlet and an outlet and spaced apart first and second conductive foraminous grids positioned within the housing. A plurality of conductive particles each including a conductive metal which is readily combineable with hydrogen or an isotope of hydrogen to form a metallic hydride are positioned within the housing in electrical contact with the first grid adjacent the inlet. An electric power source in the system is initially operably connected across the first and second grids whereby electrical current flows between the grids within the water solution to charge the system after which the system is self-sustaining.

Abstract: A system and method for electrolysizing and/or heating a liquid electrolyte containing water having a conductive salt in solution and for producing excess heat within the water for use. An electrolytic cell includes a non-conductive housing having an inlet and an outlet and spaced apart first and second conductive foraminous grids connected within the housing. A plurality of microspheres each having improved conductive exterior multi-layers of uniform thickness are positioned within the housing in electrical contact with the first grid adjacent the inlet. The conductive microspheres are plated first with a metal cation which will reduce with hydrazine to form a conductive metal flash coating. The microspheres are then plated with a uniform layer of nickel, followed by plated layer of metallic hydride which is readily combinable with hydrogen or an isotope of hydrogen, then a uniform metallic support plating having a high hydrogen diffusion rate and a low hydride formation ratio.

Abstract: A water purifier removes harmful materials from tap water by electrochemical oxidation-reduction and distillation without using any filters. The water purifier has an electrochemical oxidation-reduction unit which removes heavy metals and organic materials from tap water by an electrochemical oxidation-reduction reaction, thus providing pre-purified water. A distillation unit heats the pre-purified water in order to vaporize the water while distilling off harmful materials. The vapor is discharged from the distillation unit and is condensed by a condenser while flowing in a vapor guide pipe, thus providing finally-purified water.

Abstract: A reactor apparatus for production of Lunar oxygen uses feed stocks comprising a particulate hydrogen-reducible enriched feed in the size range from about 20-200 microns, containing 80-90% Lunar ilmenite (FeTiO.sub.3) and ferrous Lunar agglutinates. The reactor apparatus has three vertically spaced fluidized zones with downcomers from the upper to the central fluidized zone and openings for introducing a hydrogen-containing gas stream through the lower fluidized zone. A solid-to-gas RF-dielectric heater has a ceramic honeycomb with small parallel channels separated by thin, ceramic walls and electrodes surrounding the honeycomb connected to an external RF power source for heating the gas stream to a reducing reaction temperature. A top inlet introduces the enriched feed into the upper fluidized zone for fluidization therein and flow into middle and lower fluidized zones countercurrent to the flow of the gas stream.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a central treatment equipment of drinking water for delivering tap water to a water electrolysis device to remove chlorine gas or antiseptic solution from tap water while to separate weak-base water with weak-acid water for respectively delivery into a drinking cylinder and use water cylinder. In said drinking cylinder having a heater for heating the drinking water, and such drinking water will be delivered to a storage cylinder when boiled and will be delivered to drinking tubing for drinking with the help of outlet pump. Water in said use water cylinder will be directly delivered to tap water tubing as cleaning water. In addition, the present invention has a CIP loop for automatic cleaning in a fixed period.

Abstract: An electrolytic solution prepared by dissolving an electrolyte such as KOH in pure water is fed into a membrane electrolytic cell of a membrane electrolyzer membrane electrolysis, made while the membrane electrolytic cell is provided intermittently or continuously with pure water. Oxygen generated at the anode and hydrogen generated at the cathode are purified individually by purifiers to produce oxygen and hydrogen of high purity. Also disclosed are methods of producing oxygen and hydrogen of high purity and their corresponding apparatuses in which a membrane degassing module is employed in conjunction with a solid polymer electrolyte electrolytic cell for effecting membrane electrolysis of the pure water, and in conjunction with a molecular sieve for individually dehumidifying oxygen generated at the anode and hydrogen at the cathode of the electrolytic cell.

Abstract: Apparatus for the electroplating of thin plastic films (1), which are provided on one or both sides with a conductive coating and, if appropriate, may be provided with through-holes, comprises a conveying device (20 to 23) which moves the plastic film (1) horizontally in the region of the chamber (6) filled with electrolyte. The bonding devices (9 to 16), which bring the plastic film (1) to cathodic potential, are located outside the chamber (6) in the "dry". The conveying device includes at least one pair of squeezing rolls at both the inlet and the outlet of chamber (6), the circumferential speed of the pairs of squeezing rolls increasing in the direction of movement of the plastic film (1).

Abstract: A hydrogen storing member which comprises at least two kinds of hydrogen storing materials comprising a first hydrogen storing material and a second hydrogen storing material capable of releasing or storing hydrogen in a range of at least one of temperature and pressure at which the first hydrogen storing material is in the .beta. phase having a high capacity for storing hydrogen.

Abstract: A device for electrically nucleating a supercooled melt of heat storage medium to artificially induce crystallization. The device includes a metallic electrode to which a rigid cover member is secured in tight mechanical contact therewith. A trace of a hydrate of salt forming the heat storage medium is retained in the form of molecular clusters between the electrode and the rigid member. Upon application of an electric voltage, the molecular clusters grow into crystal nuclei to trigger crystallization. A method of making the electrode assembly is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a hot-cathode element which consists of a rare-earth-oxide-doped refractory metal, notably thoriated tungsten, and which also contains carbon components, first a plurality of layers of the hot-cathode element being successively deposited on a substrate member (2) by means of a CVD process, after which notably the hot-cathode element is separated from the substrate member (2). The strength required for further working of the hot-cathode element is improved in that in the course of the CVD process decarburizing intermediate treatments are performed, the hot-cathode element being carburized during an aftertreatment.

Abstract: A heater which uses the electrolysis of a liquid to produce heat from electricity and transfers the heat from the electrolyte by means of a heat exchanger. One embodiment includes electrodes of nickel and platinum and an electrolyte of potassium carbonate with a heat exchanger immersed in and transferring heat from the electrolyte.

Abstract: This invention relates to an apparatus for generating a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen for producing a hot flame and in particular to one including a housing, an electrolytic chamber fixedly mounted within the housing and having two electrodes extending out of the electrolytic chamber to connect with a rectifier, a first safety device connected with an outlet of the electrolytic chamber, a control valve connected with an outlet of the first safety device, a dryer connected with an outlet of the first safety device, and a second safety device connected with an outlet of the dryer and having a chamber in which are mounted a spring-loaded ball which will open an outlet of the second safety device when the pressure of hydrogen and oxygen in the electrolytic chamber exceeds a predetermined value.

Abstract: A molten salt reactor for potentiostatic electroplating that includes a rtor chamber defined by a peripheral wall, a bottom wall and a top cover. The bottom wall of the reactor chamber has an opening, to which a first end of a gas inlet conduit is attached so as to be in fluid communication with the reactor chamber. A crucible support platform is positioned within the reactor chamber, and a crucible for holding a molten salt is mounted thereon. A furnace substantially surrounds the peripheral wall of the reactor chamber and the first end of the gas inlet conduit. The crucible support platform is electrically insulated from the reactor chamber. An inert gas flows from the gas inlet conduit, through a lower portion of the reactor chamber, past the crucible support platform, through an upper portion of the reactor chamber, and to a gas outlet in the upper portion of the reactor chamber.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method and apparatus for removing heavy metals from waste water, soils, or process streams by electrolytic cell means. The method includes cooling a cell cathode to form an ice layer over the cathode and then applying an electric current to deposit a layer of the heavy metal over the ice. The metal is then easily removed after melting the ice. In a second embodiment, the same ice-covered electrode can be employed to form powdered metals.

Abstract: An autoelectrolytic hydrogen generator system constituted by one or a plurality of similar cells wherein a galvanic arrangement of magnesium and aluminum plates of sacrificial elements as anode; stainless steel as cathode and sea water as electrolyte, by its very nature is made to develop a voltage when connected in short circuit causing a current to flow within the system and hydrogen production of hydrogen in situ and on demand by the electrolytic action at one pole, the cathode, and additional hydrogen by the electrochemical reaction at the other pole, the anode. Surplus electric energy of the system applied to a optional electrolyzer will also be made to produce additional hydrogen at its two sacrificial aluminum electrodes.

Abstract: An electrolysis apparatus has a furnace for setting a silica glass component such as a process tube or crucible, a heater for heating the component, a sensor for measuring a temperature of an inside portion of the furnace, an anode and an cathode for applying a voltage across the component so as to electrolyze the component, a tube for holding the anode, a device for supplying an inert gas into a space between the anode and the holding tube, and a DC power source connected to the anode and the cathode.

Abstract: In order to perform the electrochemical roughening of the surface of preferably strip-like metal substrate for the production of printing plates or the like so that the surface is free of smuts and stripes with an even distribution of the roughness, there is a roughening station with three zones and in each zone the current density, the frequency, the temperature of the electrolyte, the type of electrolyte and the residence time may be individually set. Accordingly in the first zone it is possible to use a higher frequency and a higher current density than in the second zone in order to produce a large number of points of attack. In the second zone a longer residence time serves to enlarge the points of attack which have already been formed. In the third zone a particularly high frequency may be used to remove smuts.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for reducing uranium and/or plutonium oxides to produce a solid, high-purity metal. The apparatus is an electrolyte cell consisting of a first container, and a smaller second container within the first container. An electrolyte fills both containers, the level of the electrolyte in the first container being above the top of the second container so that the electrolyte can be circulated between the containers. The anode is positioned in the first container while the cathode is located in the second container. Means are provided for passing an inert gas into the electrolyte near the lower end of the anode to sparge the electrolyte and to remove gases which form on the anode during the reduction operation. Means are also provided for mixing and stirring the electrolyte in the first container to solubilize the metal oxide in the electrolyte and to transport the electrolyte containing dissolved oxide into contact with the cathode in the second container.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus for producing lithium from an aluminum-lithium alloy scrap comprising (a) a dryer for removing moisture from solid aluminum-lithium alloy; (b) a reservoir for heating and holding molten aluminum-lithium alloy; (c) a three-layered electrolysis cell comprising a most dense lowest layer of molten aluminum-lithium alloy, a middle layer of molten salt electrolyte, and an uppermost layer of molten lithium; and (d) a reactive gas fluxing unit to remove water present in the molten salt.

Abstract: The invention provides a jewelry cleaning arrangement including a housing and a cleaning bath tank formed of an electrically conductive material. The cleaning bath tank is supported within the housing and is connectable to an electric potential. An electrical contact member extends sealingly into the interior region of the tank. The electrical contact member is electrically insulated from the tank and is connectable to an electric potential. A non-conductive insert member is positionable in the tank and movable between a cleaning position and an elevated position. The non-conductive insert member includes a support surface upon which jewelry may be placed. A jewelry engagement conductive member is provided supported on the non-conductive insert member support surface. The jewelry engagement member includes a contact portion engaging the electrical contact member when the insert member is positioned in the cleaning position within the tank.

Abstract: A method of producing titanium. A quantity of titianium is heated in a crucible to provide a melt, and a layer of slag, containing an ionizable titanium compound, such as titanium dioxide, along with ionizable slag constituents, is disposed on the top of the melt. The slag is then heated to a molten state by direct current plasma arc heating with the melt being anodic. After the slag is molten, the polarity of the plasma arc heating is reversed so that the melt is cathodic, causing the slag to act as an electron transfer layer so that the titanium dioxide of the slag is reduced to titanium and any dissolved oxygen in the melt is converted to an ionic species of oxygen at the interface between the slag and the melt. The resulting liquid titanium is combined with the melt, while the ionic species of oxygen is carried upwardly through the slag and released from the slag layer by an oxidation process.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell of the type to which electrolyte is continuously charged and from which a product or products of electrolysis is or are continuously removed, the electrolytic cell being associated in close proximity with an item or items of apparatus in which electrolyte may be treated prior to charging to the electrolytic cell and/or in which a product or products of electrolysis may be treated after removal from the electrolytic cell. Also, a plurality of such electrolytic cells and items of apparatus. Electrolyte may be purified in the items of apparatus associated in close proximity with the electrolytic cells prior to charging to the cells, and the product streams from the cells may be treated in the items of apparatus prior to combining the product streams.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell, e.g., for the electrolysis of NaCl to produce chlorine and sodium hydroxide, has an improved operation control system, such system including a plurality of means for monitoring and controlling the flowstreams of inlet starting materials and/or outlet final products, the temperature of the electrolyte, the various reagent concentrations and the cell current, and such plurality of means being operably connected to a computing function which carries out corrective coherence calculations on certain of the parameters of electrolysis and adjusts the operation of the cell in response thereto.

Abstract: This invention relates primarily to a waste water treatment and recycling system for an electroplating line. Electroplating lines typically produce waste products which may be defined as environmentally hazardous. The present invention provides for a system of complete recycling of such wastes from an electroplating line which includes (I) a plurality of treatment stations, where each station consists of a treatment tank and a rinse tank, and (II) means for sequentially moving metallic parts for treatment therein from a treatment tank and a rinse tank of a first treatment station, to a treatment tank and rinse tank of a second treatment station.

Abstract: A fluorine-generating electrolytic cell has the base 12 thereof insulated electrically by a layer 10 of plastics material such as PTFE which is held against the cell base by means of structure extending between cooling coils 24 of the cell and the layer 10.

Abstract: An easily transportable electrolytic cell and associated processing apparatus is modularly constructed and supported in modular support sections that are easily separated and loaded onto transport vehicles for transport to distant remote sites where the electrolytic cell module and the processing apparatus module are reassembled and the apparatus is put into operation where the product chemical produced by the electrolytic cell is utilized.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for electrochemically decomposing iganic material contained in an aqueous radioactive waste solution. The solution is concentrated by evaporation in order to reduce its volume for further treatment as a waste solution. In order to achieve a more effective decomposition of inorganic compounds in the aqueous radioactive solution, an electrolytic process is performed during evaporation of the waste solution with the electrolytic process effecting the electrochemical decompostion. An apparatus for carrying out the method includes an evaporator for accommodating the waste solution and the evaporator is configured as an electrolytic cell.

Abstract: A method of producing titanium. A quantity of titanium is heated in a crucible to provide a melt, and a layer of slag, containing an ionizable titanium compound, such as titanium dioxide, along with ionizable slag constituents, is disposed on the top of the melt. The slag is then heated to a molten state by direct current plasma arc heating with the melt being anodic. After the slag is molten, the polarity of the plasma arc heating is reversed so that the melt is cathodic, causing the slag to act as an electron transfer layer so that the titanium dioxide of the slag is reduced to titanium and any dissolved oxygen in the melt is converted to an ionic species of oxygen at the interface between the slag and the melt. The resulting liquid titanium is combined with the melt, while the ionic species of oxygen is carried upwardly through the slag and released from the slag layer by an oxidation process.

Abstract: A device for silverizing water has a plurality of electrodes including silver electrodes so that a passing water is saturated with silver ions, and a temperature maintaining unit with cooling and heating elements to maintain a required temperature and silver ions saturation of water.

Abstract: Alumina is reduced to molten aluminum in an electrolytic cell containing a molten electrolyte bath composed of halide salts and having a density less than alumina and aluminum and a melting point less than aluminum. The cell comprises a plurality of vertically disposed, spaced-apart, non-consumable, dimensionally stable anodes and cathodes. Alumina particles are dispersed in the bath to form a slurry. Current is passed between the electrodes, and oxygen bubbles form at the anodes, and molten aluminum droplets form at the cathodes. The oxygen bubbles agitate the bath and enhance dissolution of the alumina adjacent the anodes and inhibit the alumina particles from settling at the bottom of the bath. The molten aluminum droplets flow downwardly along the cathodes and accumulate at the bottom of the bath.

Abstract: An atmospheric evaporator for reducing the water content of various chemical solutions, more particularly useful in the electroplating industry, wherein the evaporator includes a solution-secure molded tank in which a removable blower sleeve is mounted having a blower inlet duct and support strut members formed at the opposite end thereof to support a multiplicity of finned evaporator members over which the solution is sprayed. When a large-volume, low RPM blower is mounted to the inlet duct, a straight-line downdraft of both air and solution is created, allowing the air and evaporated water to exhaust through an up-facing outlet duct, thus defining a substantially "U" shaped duct arrangement from the inlet side to the exhaust side of the tank with the heavy chemical particles returning to the process tank from the bottom of the evaporator tank.

Abstract: A chamber for the treatment of cells in an electrical field, in which a space is provided to hold the suspension containing the cells and into which extend at least two electrodes. The cells are exposed to an electrical field developed between the electrodes. The chamber is also provided with an accessory vessel removably connected thereto for further treatment of the cells.

Abstract: In this field it is a problem to find practical technical solutions for heat recovery at the same time as regulation and control of the temperature conditions during cell operation is difficult, especially when cooling of the cell is intended. The arrangement comprises cooling chambers (6A, 6B, 6C, 6', 51) each having a base area covering a small proportion of the surface of each cell. Together these cooling chambers cover a substantial proportion of the cell surface without any significant space between the cooling chambers. These are adapted to receive a through-flow of a cooling medium which is controlled (8A, 8B, 8C) individually for each cooling chamber, and the cooling medium preferably is helium.

Abstract: The zero discharge spray system comprises a tank for collecting and storing inse water, a set of spray nozzles aligned within the tank, and a pump for both pumping used rinse water through the spray nozzles and/or to the plating bath as makeup for evaporation. A timer level control system maintains the plating bath level and the rinse tank level, and limits the nozzles spray time. The system also includes a fresh water spray for final rinse of plated parts. By using a controlled spray rinse system which reduces the amount of water added to the system so as not to exceed that lost by evaporation, no contaminated rinse water is discharged as waste.

Abstract: The invention concerns a superstructure for a tank for the production of aluminum using the Hall-Heroult process by the electrolysis of alumina in molten cryolite, the tank being formed by a rigid metal heat-insulated casing of elongate parallelepipedic shape, the two ends of which are referred to as heads, and a superstructure formed by at least one rigid beam disposed along the long length of the casing, supporting in particular the anodic bus and the anodes and resting at its two ends on supports disposed at the two head ends of the tank, said superstructure being characterized in that each rigid beam is supported on at least one intermediate gantry in the central part thereof. The gantry may comprise four legs so as to constitute an inherently stable structure or it may be formed by two half-elements each provided with two legs. Preferably, each rigid beam is divided into two equal portions, the central ends of which are supported on the gantry.

Abstract: The invention is a device and method for electroplating a metal workpiece having axial symmetry, such as a circular workpiece. In this invention the workpiece, which is the cathode, is rotated inside an anode structure submerged in the plating solution. Part of the rotating cathode continuously moves through a region of intense current fluxes created by passing DC current between the anode and cathode. The rotating cathode stirs the plating solution, which speeds up the plating rate. At the same time, with only part of the cathode passing continuously through the intense current flux region, the deposition process is periodically slowed down and intensified.

Abstract: A method of thermal protection of a membrane-enclosed amperometric cell of the type comprising an electrolyte within an electrolyte space containing electrodes and enclosed by a semi-permeable membrane which defines a sensor face; heat exchange within said cell is effected for controlled heat compensation of the electrolyte when the sensor face is exposed to temperatures outside of the operative temperature range of the cell.

Abstract: The plant for the electrolytic production of a metal in a molten salt bath by deposition at the cathode in the solid state includes an outer casing, means for maintaining an atmosphere inert to the metal to be produced in the casing, a container within the casing and arranged to contain the molten salt bath and having a movable cover, a plurality of electrodes suspended in the molten salt bath each bearing on means for supporting it and connecting it electrically, the means comprising for each of the electrodes a pair of electrically conductive elements facing each other and supported respectively by two opposite walls of the container and handling means associated with the outer casing for removing any one of the electrodes from the container after raising of the movable cover.

Abstract: The invention comprises an improved Hall cell for electrolytic reduction of aluminum from a molten salt bath having a carbon cathode bottom wall and sidewall, a cover over said cell, at least one anode within said cell depending from an anode support rod passing through said cover, conductive means over the carbon bottom wall to reduce the spacing between the anode and the cathode, and protective sidewall lining means relatively inert to attack by the molten salt bath on the inner surface of the carbon sidewall. Cooling means are provided to cool an upper portion of the sidewall lining adjacent the surface of the molten salt bath to promote the formation of a protective layer of frozen bath over the exposed portion of the sidewall lining adjacent the surface of the molten salt bath while retaining within the cell at least a portion of the heat removed from the sidewall lining.

Abstract: The invention is an improvement in the construction of a Hall cell for the production of aluminum by electrolytic reduction of alumina in a molten salt bath wherein a conductive carbon cathode lining comprising a bottom wall and a sidewall is surrounded adjacent the outer surface thereof with an insulating layer, and a layer of conductive material overlies the inner surface of at least the bottom wall of the carbon lining to reduce the effective spacing between the cathode and one or more anodes in the cell to thereby reduce the power consumption of the cell. The improvement comprises an air passageway between the insulating layer and the outer surface of the carbon lining sidewall and an air inlet port adjacent the bottom of the passageway for passing air into the air passageway and along the outer surface of the carbon lining sidewall whereby the carbon sidewall may be cooled sufficiently to permit the formation of a protective layer of frozen bath on the inner surface thereof.

Abstract: A method of thermal protection of a membrane-enclosed amperometric cell of the type comprising an electrolyte within an electrolyte space containing electrodes and enclosed by a semi-permeable membrane which defines a sensor face; heat exchange within said cell is effected for controlled heat compensation of the electrolyte when the sensor face is exposed to temperatures outside of the operative temperature range of the cell.

Abstract: A method of thermal protection of a membrane-enclosed amperometric cell of the type comprising an electrolyte within an electrolyte space containing electrodes and enclosed by a semipermeable membrane which defines a sensor face; heat exchange within said cell is effected for controlled heat compensation of the electrolyte when the sensor face is exposed to temperatures outside of the operative temperature range of the cell.

Abstract: A cell and process is provided for the production of fluorine comprising electrolyzing a liquid mixture of fluorides of alkali metal, ammonium and hydrogen fluoride. The cell anode comprises a stock of anode plates with internal passages or it may comprise a carbon shape provided with grooves and passages and fitted to a central conductor which conducts current from the exterior of the cell to the carbon anode plates within the cell. The anode having a substantially expanded working surface has the capability of removing fluorine internally. A louvered cathode permits most of the hydrogen to be vented away from the zone between the electrodes through which current passes thus reducing the ohmic voltage loss. The cathode, rather than being louvered, can be expanded metal or punched sheet or gauze. The anode, cathode and barrier may be cylindrical in form although other shapes, for instance rectangular or square in cross section or even of hexagonal section, may be used if desired.

Abstract: Aluminum electroplating installations containing aprotic electrolyte bath systems typically require an electrolyte operating temperature of over 80.degree. C. in order to achieve useable aluminum precipitations. The warming-up and heating of such aluminum electrolyte baths has heretofore been accomplished with indirect heating methods, such as surrounding the baths with a heating jacket or by conducting electrolyte out of the bath through a heat exchanger and then returning the heated electrolyte. The present invention concerns a more efficient heating method whereby Joule's heat is used to heat an aprotic electrolyte bath. Accordingly, at least two electrodes are immersed into the electrolyte and charged with alternating pulses by a square wave pulse generator such that a heating current flows through the electrolyte. The anodes and cathodes of the aluminization electrolyte bath are preferably used as the heating electrodes.

Abstract: A method comprises heating contaminated liquid, cooling electrolyte and subsequently passing the latter through soluble electrodes provided within an electrocoagulation chamber. Next, mixing the heated contaminated liquid is accomplished above the soluble electrodes with an ascending flow of cooled air containing products of dissolution of the soluble electrodes, followed by separating formed foam and sludge within a settling chamber.Apparatus having a settling chamber provided with an outlet pipe to discharge purified liquid. Inside the settling chamber, there is disposed an electrocoagulation chamber provided with an inlet pipe to feed contaminated liquid thereinto, and an inlet pipe to feed electrolyte. In the bottom portion of the electrocoagulation chamber, there is disposed a system of soluble electrodes. A heater communicates with the inlet pipe to feed a contaminated liquid, while a condenser communicates with the inlet pipe to feed electrolyte.

Abstract: Heat is exchanged between a first bath used for an electrochemical surface treatment and a station which may contain a second, similar bath or a heat-using device. The first bath requires cooling while the station requires heating.

Abstract: A compact chlorine generation device generates chlorine and usually ozone. The device is water cooled. A power transformer has a housing thereabout in heat conductive contact therewith. A highly heat conductive metal frame is attached in direct efficient heat conductive relation with the housing. The frame has a conduit therethrough generally adjacent to the housing. A metal block has a semi-conductor power rectifier held in a cavity therein and in thermal contact therewith. The block is attached in direct heat conductive relation with the frame. A coolant is flowed through the conduit thereby cooling the transformer and the rectifier. A chlorine generating electric cell has an anode and a cathode which are connected to the respective DC output poles of the rectifier. The coolant which exits the conduit is led to the cell wherein it serves as the electrolyte.

Abstract: A device for regulating drinking water includes an electrolyzer divided into a negative electrode chamber and a positive electrode chamber by an unglazed partition, and electrodes disposed in the chambers and adapted to be energized by direct current for a prescribed period of time for separating water in the electrolyzer into two components having a hydroxyl radical in different densities, due to the electrolysis and electroendosmose. The negative electrode has a heating element disposed in a hollow space formed in the negative electrode to warm up the water body in the electrolyzer at each time of the electrolysis. A thermistor, or the like, is electrically connected to the heating element to control the temperature of the water body in the electrolyzer and to prevent overheating of the negative electrode.

Abstract: A process for producing sodium hypochlorite comprising electrolyzing an aqueous solution of sodium chloride as an electrolyte solution in a non-diaphragm electrolytic cell comprising at least one unit cell in which the ratio of the actual area of the anode to the actual area of the cathode is at least about 1.5: 1. In a preferred embodiment higher concentrations of sodium hypochlorite can be attained by performing the electrolysis while cooling the electrolyte solution to about 50.degree. C. or less.

Abstract: The operating characteristics of a Downs-type electrolytic cell are improved by incorporating a sealed weir between the riser/cooler and the molten metal receiver and by providing means for venting inert gas from the receiver through the vapor space of the riser/cooler.