Abstract: A method and apparatus of detecting incipient corrosion on surfaces of an object. The method comprising immersing the object into an electrolyte, and detecting by electrochemical techniques the presence of corrosion on the surfaces of the object based on current originating from redox reaction of iron.

Abstract: Provided is a measurement method for measuring a size of expansion of a surface treatment film occurred in a coated metal material that includes a metal base and the surface treatment film provided on the metal base. The measurement method includes the steps of disposing a water-containing material to be in contact with the expansion and an electrode to be in contact with the water-containing material, and electrically connecting between the electrode and the metal base with an external circuit; applying, with the external circuit, a constant voltage between the electrode and the metal base, as a cathode and an anode, respectively, and measuring a current value flowing therebetween; and calculating a size of the expansion, based on the current value measured and a correlation between the current value and the size of the expansion, the correlation being determined on an exploratory basis in advance.

Abstract: A method to detect and assess microorganism influenced corrosion includes measuring current flow between a test electrode and a control electrode in a split chamber zero resistance ammeter apparatus and calculating a predictive difference in mass loss between the test electrode and the control electrode based on that current over time; and measuring the resistance, Rpit, of a surface of the subject metal to assess pitting corrosion using an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy apparatus.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods of measuring a hydrogen diffusivity of a metal structure including during operation of the metal structure, are provided. A hydrogen charging surface is provided at a first location on an external surface of the structure. In addition, a hydrogen oxidation surface is provided at a second location adjacent to the first location on the external surface of the structure. Hydrogen flux is generated and directed into the metal surface at the charging surface. At least a portion of the hydrogen flux generated by the charging surface is diverted back toward the surface. A transient of the diverted hydrogen fluxes measured, and this measurement is used to determine the hydrogen diffusivity of the metal structure in service.

Abstract: The method for a corrosion resistance test of a coated metal material is an electrochemical method simulating corrosion proceeded by damaged portions in the surface treatment film 4. Two artificially damaged portions 5 spaced from each other in a coated metal material 1 that is obtained by providing a surface treatment film 4 on a metal base 2 are electrically connected to each other by an external circuit 11 via an aqueous electrolyte material 6, and corrosion proceeds by supplying current using one of the artificially damaged portions 5 as an anode site and the other as a cathode site.

Abstract: The invention proposes preparing biological samples for spectrometry which contain cell structures and/or whole cells of human or animal origin (e.g. thin human and animal tissue sections) or prokaryotes (e.g. microorganisms), and which require constant relative humidity, in a temperature-controlled gas volume whose humidity is determined by a saturated substance solution, for example a suitable salt solution. The invention exploits a physico-chemical phenomenon called “deliquescence”, which manifests itself by keeping the relative humidity above the saturated substance solution constant with a high degree of precision when a specified temperature is maintained. Pure succinic acid exhibits deliquescence at approx. 99% relative humidity, for example. Since an enormous variety of deliquescent salts and other suitable substances are available, it is possible to find the suitable substance for almost any desired relative humidity, with adjustment of the temperature, where necessary.

Abstract: A method and system for testing a cathodic protection system that protects a metallic structure with one or more DC power sources electrically connected to the metallic structure and an associated reference electrode. A Cathodic Protection Waveform Monitoring Unit (CPWMU) operates independently from power cycling by the cathodic protection system to measure cathodic protection voltage levels by measuring, over one or more measurement time periods, a voltage differential between the metallic structure and its associated reference electrode, a plurality of times when power provided to the metallic structure is cycled on and off. The CPWMU includes digital storage to store values indicative of the measured voltage differentials over the measurement time period. A reader that may be remotely located from any CPWMU communicates with a number of CPWMU's within communication range to obtain the values stored in the CPWMUs.

Abstract: The invention relates to a testing device for checking at least one first medical electrode (1), wherein the testing device comprises at least one first measuring electrode (2), which can be arranged relative to the first medical electrode (1) to be checked in such a way that the at least one first measuring electrode (2) and the first medical electrode (1) to be checked form a first capacitance (C11); a signal generating device (3), by way of which an alternating current voltage can be generated, by means of which the first capacitance (Cn) can be acted upon; an evaluation device (4), which is designed to determine at least one first test result (P11) in relation to the first capacitance (C11) from a measured impedance curve (I) of an impedance caused in response to the first capacitance (C11).

Abstract: A tool for monitoring conditions within a subterranean well includes a first body segment, the first body segment being an elongated member with an axial protrusion having a reduced outer diameter. A second body segment is sized for mating with the first body segment. A metal specimen circumscribes the axial protrusion of the first body segment so that an outer diameter surface of the metal specimen defines an outer diameter of the tool. A connection assembly releasably secures the first body segment to the second body segment.

Abstract: A system includes a conductive material configured along a segment of a road, a signal generator electrically coupled to the conductive material, where the signal generator is configured to generate an electrical signal for transmission across the conductive material, and an electronic control unit communicatively coupled to the signal generator and the conductive material. The electronic control unit is configured to determine whether the electrical signal from the signal generator is propagating through the conductive material, and in response to determining that the electrical signal does not propagate through the conductive material, determine that a pothole is present at a location along the segment of the road comprising the conductive material.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for analysis of the impedance behavior of electrochemical impedance circuits or the Transfer Function for input-output systems, utilizing the symmetry of the phase angle response with the Log of the frequency to allow for determination of the lower frequency half of the impedance response over Log frequency based only on information from the upper half response. The underlying analytical basis for the symmetry of the phase angle and the methods for applying this analysis are applicable to simple R-C circuits, Randle circuits, Constant Phase Element (CPE)-Randles and coating model circuits. Symmetric functions describing the derivative of the phase angle, ?, with respect to the Log of the frequency can be used to determine the circuit elements requiring only the high frequency information. Only knowledge of the high frequency-based response is needed to know how the low frequency range behaves.

Abstract: A fill level radar for continuously measuring a fill level is provided, including a radar arrangement configured to generate and to emit a radar signal toward a surface of a filling material; and an impedance spectroscopy arrangement configured to detect a build-up of deposits on the radar arrangement, or to detect a gas phase of the filling material, by impedance spectroscopy, the impedance spectroscopy arrangement being integrated in the radar arrangement.

Abstract: In one embodiment, reinforced soil is assessed using a non-contact method including positioning a reference electrode in close proximity to a surface of the soil without contacting the electrode to the soil surface, vibrating the electrode with a vibration generator, and measuring an electrical potential difference between the electrode and the soil surface, the potential difference being indicative of the condition of a portion of a reinforcement member positioned below the soil surface at the location of the electrode.

Abstract: A corrosion monitoring device includes: a sensor unit that includes an insulating substrate, a stainless steel plate disposed on the insulating substrate and is configured of stainless steel, an aluminum piece joined to the stainless steel plate and configured of aluminum having a lower corrosion potential than the stainless steel and smaller electrical resistivity than the stainless steel, and extraction electrodes coupled to the stainless steel plate; and an ohm meter that measures an electrical resistance of the sensor unit when a current flows in the sensor unit.

Abstract: An absorbable iron-based alloy medical device implant, comprising an iron-based alloy substrate (11) and a degradable polymer (13) provided on a surface of an iron-based alloy substrate (11), and a zinc-containing protective member (12) provided on the surface of the iron-based alloy substrate (11). The zinc-containing protective member (12) is either a zinc compound or a mixture comprising the zinc compound and at least one of a phosphate-containing compound, a degradable binder, or a water-soluble binder. The weight ratio of the zinc compound in the mixture is ?20% and <100%. The zinc-containing protective member (12) can delay corrosion of the iron-based alloy substrate (11) during an early stage of medical device implantation. The iron-based alloy substrate (11) is essentially corrosion-free during the early stage of medical device implantation, and is therefore able to satisfy clinical requirements of mechanical performance during the early stage of medical device implantation.

Abstract: This disclosure describes systems, methods, and devices related to alternating current (AC) mitigation. An AC mitigation system may comprise a conductive portion of the pipeline, wherein the conductive portion of the pipeline is adjacent to a high voltage AC power transmission line. The AC mitigation system may comprise a ground wire connected to the conductive portion of the pipeline. The AC mitigation system may comprise a circuit electrically connected to the ground wire. The AC mitigation system may comprise a means for the conductive portion of the pipeline to route AC power through the circuit.

Abstract: A measurement system permits environmental, corrosion damage, and mechanical property measurements to assess protection properties of coatings. The system includes one or more multi-sensor panels, each multi-sensor panel having sensors for assessing coating barrier properties, free corrosion, and galvanic corrosion. Each multi-sensor panel is installed on a test rack that contains electronics for sensor excitation and sensor data acquisition throughout a corrosion test. Sensor data is collected, stored, and communicated to a base station. A network of multiple test racks can be supported by a base station to compare the performance of different coatings and material combinations simultaneously. The test racks can be used in accelerated atmospheric corrosion tests, outdoor test sites, or application service environments.

Abstract: A high-throughput corrosion testing mechanism was developed for metals in a variety of environments in controlled, multiplexed microenvironments. Many parallel experiments can be conducted with microbial and environmental variables independently manipulated to identify the key determinants of corrosion progression. The synthetic assay design enables subsequent surface characterization of select samples within the array. In as little as one day, diverse corrosive environments can be compared quantitatively.

Abstract: A cathodic protection device enclosing a reference cell and a conductive media and having two coupon assemblies mounted, facing opposing direction, on an exterior surface thereof is disclosed. The coupon assemblies each have a disc-shaped coupon seated in a jacket and are electrically coupled to a wire. The jacket is generally patch-sized and defines a pocket in a first surface and a groove in a second, opposing surface thereof. The disc-shaped coupon is seated in the pocket and the wire is seated in the groove with the electrical junction therebetween aligned with an aperture connecting the pocket to the groove. A sealing material is used to form a watertight seal between the disc-shaped coupon and the pocket and fills the groove. The device includes a hydrophilic porous member having a first surface in communication with the conductive media and a second surface in communication with an external environment.

Abstract: A wire harness includes a conductive first wiring material, wired to a vehicle, and a second wiring material wired to the vehicle in a state where at least a part of the second wiring material is bundled with the first wiring material. The second wiring material has a flow passage formed therein through which a liquid can flow.

Abstract: An assembly for use in a wellbore can include a plurality of sensors positioned external to a casing string. The plurality of sensors can be positioned for detecting an amount of a hydrocarbon that is present in a fluid in the wellbore and a pH of the fluid in the wellbore. The plurality of sensors can be positioned for wirelessly transmitting signals representing the amount of the hydrocarbon that is present in the fluid and the pH of the fluid to a receiving device.

Abstract: A sand guard system having an outer housing, a wedge assembly disposed in the outer housing, and an inner tube disposed in the outer housing such that an annulus is formed between the inner tube and the outer housing. The wedge assembly comprises a plurality of wedges coupled together by one or more flexible retaining members such that the wedges are movable radially outward and inward relative to the outer housing. The inner tube has a plurality of slots configured to filter out solids from fluids flowing from the annulus into the inner tube through the slots.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a crash detection circuit for detecting a crash of a vehicle and including a transformer including a first inductor as a part of a crash signal generation circuit, and a second inductor as a part of a crash signal evaluation circuit, and galvanically isolated from the first inductor, a first comparator including an output, an inverting input coupled to a first terminal of the second inductor, and a non-inverting input electrically coupled to a second terminal of the second inductor, and a window comparator including a first input terminal electrically connected to the output of the first comparator for an input voltage to be evaluated, and two second input terminals for receiving reference voltages.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for retrofit electrolization of seawater for production of halogen biocides in situ. A method for effecting an in situ generation of biocide as an aid in anti-biofouling of a device disposed in a volume of salt water includes a) associating a cathode electrode to the device; b) associating an anode electrode to the device with the anode electrode spaced apart from the cathode electrode; and c) hydrolyzing one or more components in the volume of salt water to generate a halogen biocide at the anode electrode with the biocide flowing from the anode electrode away from the cathode electrode as a biocide film, the film responsive to a physical arrangement of the associations of the electrodes with the device.

Abstract: A first signal generator for generating a first AC current signal and a second signal generator for generating a second AC current signal. A first combiner is coupled to the first signal generator and the second signal generator for combing the first AC current signal and the second AC current signal into a probe signal for applying directly to the unit under test. A receiver for detecting intermodulation distortion in the unit under test.

Abstract: A corrosion detection system and a method for operating a corrosion detection system are provided. The system, may include, but is not limited to, a PCB, a corrosion sensor, a first, second, third and fourth standoff coupled between the PCB and a chassis, a constant current circuit coupled to the first standoff, a first trace coupled between the third standoff and a first input of the corrosion sensor, and a second trace coupled between the fourth standoff and a second input of the corrosion sensor, wherein the corrosion sensor is configured to output a signal proportional to the resistance of the chassis based upon a voltage induced at the first input and the second input, and a processor configured to receive the signal proportional to the resistance of the chassis and determine a corrosion level of the chassis by comparing the signal to reference data stored in memory.

Abstract: In one embodiment, reinforced soil is assessed using a non-contact method including positioning a reference electrode in close proximity to a surface of the soil without contacting the electrode to the soil surface, vibrating the electrode with a vibration generator, and measuring an electrical potential difference between the electrode and the soil surface, the potential difference being indicative of the condition of a portion of a reinforcement member positioned below the soil surface at the location of the electrode.

Abstract: A multiple layer gel and method for forming a multiple layer gel are provided. The multiple layer gel includes an isolation layer and an electrolyte layer. The isolation layer provides a molecular weight screen, to prevent proteins or other molecules from contacting a reference cell covered by the isolation layer. The electrolyte layer covers the isolation layer, and provides a source of ions that place the reference cell in ionic and/or electrical contact with a fluid sample. The multiple layer gel can be used to maintain a reliable reference voltage from an associated reference cell while an electrical potential or other electrical characteristic of a sample fluid is being determined.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a current internal corrosion level at a current time is read from an internal corrosion sensor that is internal to a computer. An internal corrosion difference is calculated between the current internal corrosion level and a previous internal corrosion level. Upon determining that the internal corrosion difference is more than a first threshold amount, a first action is performed that decreases an internal temperature of the computer. In a further embodiment, upon determining that the internal corrosion difference is less than a second threshold amount, a second action is performed that allows the internal temperature of the computer to increase.

Abstract: A system electronically monitors the consumption of gas adsorbent media in a media bed. The system includes a controller and a monitoring rod having a plurality of sensors disposed on the monitoring rod. The sensors are in communication with the controller. Each sensor includes a corrodible portion having an exposed electrically conducting material susceptible to corrosion by a corrosive agent, a first lead in electrical contact with a first end of the corrodible portion, and a second lead in electrical contact with a second end of the corrodible portion. The corrodible portion, the first lead and the second lead together form a continuous communication path to the controller, and the monitoring rod is at least partially disposed in the media.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for improved corrosion inhibition of metal in a system, in which system the metal is in contact with water, and a corrosion inhibitor inhibits a corrosion of the metal, wherein a voltage is applied between the metal and an auxiliary electrode, which voltage changes time-dependently after being switched on and before being switched off within a passivation region of the metal in said corrosion inhibitor, the passivation region being a region of voltage in which the corrosion inhibitor effects an inhibition of corrosion of the metal.

Abstract: A composite particle comprises a core, a shielding layer deposited on the core, and further comprising an interlayer region formed at an interface of the shielding layer and the core, the interlayer region having a reactivity less than that of the core, and the shielding layer having a reactivity less than that of the interlayer region, a metallic layer not identical to the shielding layer and deposited on the shielding layer, the metallic layer having a reactivity less than that of the core, and optionally, an adhesion metal layer deposited on the metallic layer.

Abstract: The present disclosure outlines a device having a multi-channel potentiostat circuit and a microcontroller for controlling the multi-channel potentiostat circuit. The multi-channel potentiostat circuit includes a counter electrode, a reference electrode, and a first switch between the counter electrode and the reference electrode. The multi-channel potentiostat circuit also includes a plurality of measurement circuits coupled to respective second switches. The microcontroller can configured to provide a first signal to the multi-channel potentiostat circuit to control the first switch, wherein a state of the first switch changes an operating mode of the multi-channel potentiostat circuit. The microcontroller is also configured to provide a second signal to the multi-channel potentiostat circuit to control at least one of the second switches to couple at least one of the plurality of measurement circuits to a working electrode.

Abstract: A mobile body corrosion measuring apparatus having a corrosion sensor installed in at least one portion of a mobile body, the corrosion sensor measuring a corrosion state at the portion and outputting corrosion data; a vehicle (mobile body) running speed sensor installed in the mobile body, the running speed sensor measuring a running speed of the mobile body and outputting the running speed data; and a data collection unit that acquires the corrosion data from the corrosion sensor and the running speed data from the vehicle speed sensor at the same time and collects the corrosion data and the running speed data with the corrosion data and the running speed data associated with each other. Due to above structure, a corrosion state specific to the mobile body can be accurately measured.

Abstract: The invention comprises portable, rugged and relatively compact electrochemical cells. Each may be removably and nondestructively secured to one surface of a substrate of indefinite size. In-situ electrochemical measurements may be made on portions of existing structures such as ships, bridges, or buildings. An electrochemical cell is disclosed which comprises an analytical chamber which can be utilized with either on-board or external potentiostats. The electrochemical cell has a mounting means which permits the cell to be secured to substrates with irregular surface morphology and to horizontal, vertical or intermediately oriented surfaces. The electrochemical cell provides a means to control the temperature of the electrolyte and the substrate area of interest to permit more accuract and consistent elecrochemical measurements.

Abstract: A composite particle comprises a core, a shielding layer deposited on the core, and further comprises an interlayer region formed at an interface of the shielding layer and the core, the interlayer region having a reactivity less than that of the core, and the shielding layer having a reactivity less than that of the interlayer region, a metallic layer not identical to the shielding layer and deposited on the shielding layer, the metallic layer having a reactivity less than that of the core, and optionally, an adhesion metal layer deposited on the metallic layer, wherein the composite particles have a corrosion rate of about 0.1 to about 450 mg/cm2/hour using an aqueous 3 wt % KCl solution at 200° F. An article comprises composite particles, wherein has a corrosion rates of about 0.1 to about 450 mg/cm2/hour using an aqueous 3 wt % KCl solution at 200° F.

Abstract: An ion sensor apparatus comprises at least one ion sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET) device configured to be exposed to a liquid, a reference electrode configured to contact the liquid to which the ISFET device is exposed, and at least one magnet configured to intermittently expose the ISFET device to a magnetic field. A processor is operatively connected to the ISFET device and the reference electrode. The processor modulates the magnetic field to produce a corresponding modulated output in resistance of the ISFET device, and modulation of a reported output value of the ion sensor apparatus.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrochemical probe system and an electrical excitation method, configured in a handheld sorting system, and used to identify the composition of metals and alloys.

Abstract: A corrosion protection performance degradation detection sensor includes a detection electrode that reacts with the corrosion inhibitor dissolved in the solvent and forms on a surface thereof an electrode surface film which inhibits corrosion, a counter electrode that is disposed so as to face the detection electrode, and an AC power supply that applies an AC voltage between the detection electrode and the counter electrode. A change in concentration of the corrosion inhibitor in the solvent is detected, on the basis of a change in impedance of the electrode surface film formed on the surface of the detection electrode.

Abstract: A composite particle comprises a core, a shielding layer deposited on the core, and further comprising an interlayer region formed at an interface of the shielding layer and the core, the interlayer region having a reactivity less than that of the core, and the shielding layer having a reactivity less than that of the interlayer region, a metallic layer not identical to the shielding layer and deposited on the shielding layer, the metallic layer having a reactivity less than that of the core, and optionally, an adhesion metal layer deposited on the metallic layer.

Abstract: The invention comprises portable, rugged and relatively compact electrochemical cells. Each cell has the ability to be removably and nondestructive secured to one surface of a substrate of indefinite size. In-situ electrochemical measurements may be made on portions of existing structures such as ships, bridges, or buildings. An electrochemical cell comprises an analytical chamber which can be utilized with potentiostats. An electrochemical cell is a self-contained portable probe comprising an electrochemical cell, an electronics component and a fluid handling component. Said probe is capable of performing electrochemical measurements by itself without the use of an external potentiostat, such as monitoring corrosion, effectiveness, or integrity of conductive and nonconductive coatings on bare and coated metallic or conductive substrates.

Abstract: A corrosivity associated with each of multiple locations near, on, or within a structure exposed to an environment that can corrode the structure is determined. Each of multiple sensor nodes is mounted at a corresponding one of the locations and measures environmental sensor information using one or more environmental sensors and corrosion sensor information using one or more corrosion sensors. The environmental sensor information is processed to obtain for the sensing node a first atmospheric corrosivity category value in accordance with a corrosivity classification system, and the corrosion sensor information is processed to obtain a second atmospheric corrosivity category value for the sensing node in accordance with the corrosivity classification system. One or more of the first and second atmospheric corrosivity category values is provided for use in determining a corrosion classification value for each of the locations.

Abstract: A corrosion resistance evaluator is provided for evaluating corrosion resistance of coated metals substrates, such as autobodies, at an accelerated rate. The evaluator includes a chamber for retaining an electrolyte that is exposed to an anode and cathode coated with protective coating being tested. These anode and cathode coatings are provided with predetermined and standardized defects, such as micro-holes, to accelerate the corrosion of the underlying metal substrate in a predictable and repeatable manner. The evaluator further comprises an anode holder and a cathode holder for testing the corrosion resistance of the anode and cathode coatings. The evaluator substantially reduces the time required to test corrosion from several days (40 plus days) to few days (about two days).

Abstract: A mobile body corrosion measuring apparatus having a corrosion sensor installed in at least one portion of a mobile body, the corrosion sensor measuring a corrosion state at the portion and outputting corrosion data; a vehicle (mobile body) running speed sensor installed in the mobile body, the running speed sensor measuring a running speed of the mobile body and outputting the running speed data; and a data collection unit that acquires the corrosion data from the corrosion sensor and the running speed data from the vehicle speed sensor at the same time and collects the corrosion data and the running speed data with the corrosion data and the running speed data associated with each other. Due to above structure, a corrosion state specific to the mobile body can be accurately measured.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and/or methods for use in detection of reinforcement metal corrosion within material, such as concrete, are described. The systems, devices, and/or methods may use a passive sensor located within the material and an interrogator located outside of the material that may be used to interrogate the passive sensor and to receive a signal from the passive sensor representative of corrosion potential of reinforcement metal.

Abstract: Systems and methods for evaluating the corrosion risk in operations with equipment for the handling an acid gas-containing solutes, e.g., an amine unit for the removal of acid gases such as H2S, CO2, etc., are provided. Input parameter values corresponding to geometrical parameters of at least an equipment (or a portion of an equipment) susceptible to corrosion risk, operating parameters, fluid dynamic properties, and properties of the solute are received by the system. Based on the input values, the systems and methods derive a minimum pressure above which acid gas flashing occurs given the localized pressure drop, causing corrosion in the identified location. In one embodiment, the systems and methods provide an assessment correlating acid gas loadings with the corrosion risk.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a corrosion sensor includes spraying a non-conductive material on a substrate and spraying a conductive material at discrete locations on the substrate or on the non-conductive material. The method further includes spraying the non-conductive material around the discrete locations of the conductive material.

Abstract: A method for managing an airplane fleet is described. The method includes: (i) developing a gold body database for an airplane model for each non-destructive inspection system implemented to detect defects; (ii) inspecting, over a period of time, a plurality of candidate airplanes of the airplane model, using different types of non-destructive inspection systems and the gold body database associated with each of the different types of non-destructive inspection systems, to identify defects present on the plurality of candidate airplanes; (iii) repairing or monitoring defects detected on the plurality of candidate airplanes; (iv) conducting a trend analysis by analyzing collective defect data obtained from inspecting of plurality of candidate airplanes; and (v) maintaining the airplane fleet, which includes plurality of candidate airplanes, by performing predictive analysis using results of trend analysis.

Abstract: A sensor for use in magnetostrictive testing of a structure. The sensor has a thin ferromagnetic strip with a series of parallel crimps across its width. A first wire coil is wrapped around the width of the strip and along its entire length, such that portions of wire that cross the bottom surface of the strip are located inside the crimps, and portions of wire that are wrapped across the top surface of the strip are between the crimps. The sensor further has a second coil wrapped around the length of the strip, or for pipeline applications, around the pipeline.

Abstract: Provided herein is a device for monitoring corrosion of steel for a steel concrete construction, the device including a battery provided with a first electrode, a second electrode made of a metal material having a higher electric potential than concrete steel reinforcement and spaced from the first electrode, and an electrolyte contacting the second electrode and first electrode and providing a path for ions to pass, the battery disposed inside the steel concrete construction and configured to collect electric energy generated through oxidation/reduction, that is a corrosion process of steel reinforcement; a capacitor electrically connected to the battery and configured to store electric energy; and an electric charge measurer configured to measure an amount of electric energy storage of the capacitor.