Abstract: A system for a multi-chambered electrochemical cell for carbon dioxide removal includes an electrochemical cell. The electrochemical cell includes an anodic chamber at a first end of the electrochemical cell, which includes an anode. The electrochemical cell includes an acid swing chamber adjacent to the anodic chamber and separated by a cation exchange membrane. The electrochemical cell includes a desalination chamber separated from the acid swing chamber by a anion exchange membrane. The electrochemical cell includes a base swing chamber in fluid communication with the acid swing chamber and the desalination chamber. The base swing chamber is adjacent to the desalination chamber and separated by a cation exchange membrane. The electrochemical cell includes a cathodic chamber at a second end of the electrochemical cell, the cathodic chamber comprising a cathode, wherein the cathodic chamber is adjacent to the base swing chamber and separated by a second anion exchange membrane.

Abstract: System and method relates to an advanced manufactured vapor-fed electrochemical reactor (AM-VFR) system comprising a cathode gas compartment comprising a first inlet, and a first outlet, a catholyte compartment having a centrally located window for a cathode and a membrane, a second inlet, a second outlet, and a reference electrode, an anolyte compartment having a centrally located window for the membrane and an anode, a third inlet and a third outlet and an anode gas compartment having a fourth inlet and a fourth outlet, wherein the cathode, wherein the cathode is disposed between the cathode gas compartment and the catholyte compartment, wherein the membrane is disposed between the catholyte compartment and the anolyte compartment, wherein the anode is disposed between the anolyte compartment and the anode gas compartment, and wherein one or more of the cathode gas compartment, the catholyte compartment, the anolyte compartment and the anode gas compartment are made of a 3D printing plastic.

Abstract: A reactor is provided which comprises: a plurality of reaction units located within a reaction zone, each of the reaction units being adapted to enable carrying out a chemical reaction of one or more raw gases (e.g. at least one of CO2 and H20); ingress means to allow introduction of the one or more raw gases into the reaction zone and to allow distributing the incoming gas to the plurality of reaction units; egress means to allow exit of reaction products from the reaction zone; and a heating system. The reaction units extend essentially along a longitudinal axis of the reaction zone and are arranged in a spaced-apart relationship along a lateral axis of the reaction zone. The heating system comprises a plurality of heating sources extending along the reaction zone, thereby providing at least a part of the energy to carry out the reaction process within the reaction units.

Abstract: Methods for the conversion of a biofuel such as biodiesel into an alkane composition such as an aviation fuel, kerosine, or liquified petroleum gas product involve a series of electrochemical reactions. The reactions include oxidation of methanol to carbon dioxide, reduction of fatty acid esters, and cleavage of fatty acid chains at C?C double bonds. The methods are carried out by systems of two or more electrochemical reactors.

Abstract: Extraction device designed to extract a short-circuiting wedge inserted between two conductors to take an electrolysis cell offline. The extraction device includes a means of gripping said wedge and, in conjunction with the upper horizontal face of each conductor, at least one jack directed vertically and including a body and a stem, stem (or said body) being interdependent with at least one horizontal support face directed downwards and laid out so that, when said extraction device is placed above said wedge to extract it, the upper horizontal face of each conductor is in line with one horizontal support face, b) said body (or said stem) being connected to said means of gripping said wedge, so that, when said jack is actuated to extract the wedge, said jack exerts opposing forces on said conductors and said wedge, tending to separate them.

Abstract: Aqueous composition containing at least one salt in an amount of at least 30 g/kg of composition, of which the total organic carbon content is at least 1 ?g of C/l and at most 5 g of C/l of composition and which contains at least one carboxylic acid.

Abstract: In a method for reduction of a solid feedstock, such as a solid metal compound, in an electrolytic apparatus a portion of the feedstock is arranged in each of two or more electrolytic cells (50, 60, 70, 80). A molten salt is provided as an electrolyte in each cell. The molten salt is circulated from a molten salt reservoir (10) such that salt flows through each of the cells. Feedstock is reduced in each cell by applying a potential across electrodes in each cell, the potential being sufficient to cause reduction of the feedstock. The invention also provides an apparatus for implementing the method.

Abstract: Proposed is a method for collecting valuable metal from an ITO scrap by subjecting the ITO scrap to electrolysis and collecting the result as metallic indium. Specifically, the present invention proposes a method for selectively collecting metallic indium including the steps of subjecting the ITO scrap to electrolysis in an electrolytic bath partitioned with a diaphragm or an ion-exchange membrane, subsequently extracting anolyte temporarily, eliminating tin contained in the anolyte by a neutralization method, a replacement method or other methods, placing a solution from which the tin was eliminated in a cathode side again and performing electrolysis thereto; or a method for collecting valuable metal from an ITO scrap including the steps of obtaining a solution of In or Sn in an ITO electrolytic bath, eliminating the Sn in the solution, and collecting In in the collecting bath.

Abstract: Proposed is a method for collecting valuable metal from an ITO scrap including a step of collecting tin by subjecting the ITO scrap to electrolysis. Further proposed is a method for collecting valuable metal from an ITO scrap including the steps of providing an ITO electrolytic bath and a tin collecting bath, dissolving the ITO scrap in the electrolytic bath, and thereafter collecting tin in the tin collecting bath. Additionally proposed is a method for collecting valuable metal from an ITO scrap including the steps of dissolving the ITO scrap by subjecting it to electrolysis as an anode in electrolyte, precipitating only tin contained in the solution as tin itself or a substance containing tin, extracting the precipitate, placing it in a collecting bath, re-dissolving this to obtain a solution of tin hydroxide, and performing electrolysis or neutralization thereto in order to collect tin.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for a low maintenance, high reliability on-site electrolytic generator incorporating automatic cell monitoring for contaminant film buildup, as well as automatically removing or cleaning the contaminant film. This method and apparatus preferably does not require human intervention to clean.

Abstract: Proposed is a method for collecting valuable metal from an ITO scrap including a step of collecting tin by subjecting the ITO scrap to electrolysis. Further proposed is a method for collecting valuable metal from an ITO scrap including the steps of providing an ITO electrolytic bath and a tin collecting bath, dissolving the ITO scrap in the electrolytic bath, and thereafter collecting tin in the tin collecting bath. Additionally proposed is a method for collecting valuable metal from an ITO scrap including the steps of dissolving the ITO scrap by subjecting it to electrolysis as an anode in electrolyte, precipitating only tin contained in the solution as tin itself or a substance containing tin, extracting the precipitate, placing it in a collecting bath, re-dissolving this to obtain a solution of tin hydroxide, and performing electrolysis or neutralization thereto in order to collect tin.

Abstract: A method and system for removing contaminants from a fluid are provided. The method can generally include providing microstructures in the fluid. At least some of the contaminants in the fluid are attracted to the microstructures and adhered to the microstructures. With the contaminants attached to the microstructures, the microstructures can be separated from the fluid so that the contaminants are thereby removed from the fluid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for producing elementary oxygen or for increasing the concentration thereof in the inhaled air of a user. According to the invention, water is split into hydrogen and elementary oxygen by means of electrical energy (electrolysis), the elementary oxygen is mixed with the inhaled air, and the hydrogen is mixed with the surrounding air in order to be converted back into water (fuel reaction). The splitting of the water into hydrogen and elementary oxygen and the conversion of the hydrogen and surrounding air into water take place simultaneously and continuously, forming a reaction circuit, and are coupled to each other, the electrical energy produced during the conversion being used to reduce the energy demand for the splitting.

Abstract: A hydrogen generation apparatus is constituted of a treated-substance container, which has a hydrogen discharge port for activating a treated substance; and at least one plate-form activation structural body, which is provided within the treated-substance container vertically thereto. The plate-form activation structural body is a structural body that arranges particles composed of any of a single constituent element, which is selected from a group comprising silicon, titanium, nickel, and samarium, and fluorocarbon at positions that amplify unique wave energy in each the element and the fluorocarbon, and which structural body has an energy concentration field between the particles within the treated-substance container, wherein gases containing hydrogen are generated by any of the treated substance within the treated-substance container staying in and passing through the energy concentration field. The hydrogen generation apparatus can generate hydrogen with less energy and achieve space saving.

Abstract: A metal hydride is supplied into a reactor while being converted into fine particles. By injecting water from an injector, the metal hydride is hydrolyzed to generate hydrogen. The water supplied to the reactor is water generated by a fuel cell. This allows omission or a size reduction of a water tank for the hydrolysis, and therefore allows a size reduction of the system as a whole. It is possible to adopt a construction in which waste heat from the fuel cell is supplied to pyrolyze the metal hydride, a construction in which heat generated by the hydrolysis is used to pyrolyze another metal hydride, etc.

Abstract: The method of producing O2 from water, that includes subjecting water to electrolysis, to produce H2 and O2, returning H2 to a water storage zone, drying the produced O2, using air as a drying agent, flowing a stream of that drying agent air to the cathode side of fuel cell, flowing a stream of produced hydrogen to the anode side of the fuel cell, for reaction with O2 in the agent air to produce water electrical energy and heat, and using electrical energy produced by fuel cell in the electrolysis.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment of the regenerative electrochemical cell system comprises: a fuel cell module comprising a fuel cell oxygen inlet in fluid communication a water storage device, and a fuel cell hydrogen inlet in fluid communication with both an oxygen source and with a gaseous portion of an water phase separation device; an electrolysis module comprising an electrolysis water inlet in fluid communication with the water storage device via a fuel cell oxygen outlet, and an electrolysis water outlet in fluid communication with the fuel cell hydrogen.

Abstract: A method to process waste water by removing metals, such as nickel or iron during the production of alkali metal hydroxides comprising the steps of: mixing the waste water with a cell liquor and blending the two fluids, magnetically removing up to 33% of the metals present in the solution from blended fluids using a first magnet prior to evaporation, flashing and cooling of the blended fluids, and then magnetically removing an additional amount of metals from the resultant more concentrated caustic solution using with a second magnet prior to filtration of the more concentrated caustic solution.