Abstract: A method for implementing full cycle regeneration of a waste lead acid battery is provided. The method includes the following steps. Step (1): the waste lead acid battery is smashed and separated so as to obtain grid lead, diachylon, plastic and waste electrolyte. Step (2): the obtained diachylon after being dried is positioned into an airtight reactor for desulphurization and deoxidation, wherein lead sulfate and the lead dioxide both in the diachylon react to obtain lead monoxide (PbO) and sulfur trioxide (SO3). Step (3): the obtained lead monoxide is reduced by solid phase electrolysis in a wet way so that the lead monoxide is reduced into sponge lead.

Abstract: A system for recovering lead from lead-bearing materials by circulating an aqueous solution of ferric fluoroborate in fluoroboric acid through a leaching vessel to leach lead from the lead-bearing material and an electrolytic cell for recovering the lead includes a cooler for cooling at least a portion of the circulating solution sufficiently to precipitate alkali salts and alkali-earth salts, and a filter for removing the precipitated salts from the solution. A process for recovering lead from lead-bearing materials by leaching the lead from the lead-bearing material with a solution of ferric fluoroborate in fluoroboric acid and recovering the lead from the solution includes cooling at least a portion of the circulating solution sufficiently to precipitate alkali salts and alkali-earth salts, and filtering the salts from the solution.

Abstract: An electrowinning method of metals through electrolysis of a metal chloride solution uses an anode comprising a substrate comprising titanium or titanium alloy, and a coating layer comprising a plurality of a unit layer, provided on the surface of the substrate. The unit layer comprises the first coating layer comprising a mixture of iridium oxide, ruthenium oxide and titanium oxide and the second coating layer comprising a mixture of platinum and iridium oxide. The first coating layer contacts with the surface of said substrate and an outer coating layer of the unit layer formed on the outermost layer of said coating layer is the second coating layer. The coating layer is formed by thermal decomposition baking, which followed by post-baking at a higher baking temperature.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrolytic process for producing metallic lead starting from desulfurized lead pastel comprising the following operative phases: a) leaching the desulfurized pastel by putting it in contact with a solution comprising ammonium chloride, with the formation of a leach liquor and evolution of gaseous CO2; b) separating a first solid residue and a first clarified leach liquor from the leach liquor coming from phase a); c) leaching the solid residue separated in phase b) by putting it in contact with a solution comprising ammonium chloride and hydrogen peroxide; d) separating a second solid residue and a second clarified leach liquor from the leach liquor coming from phase c); e) joining the first clarified leach liquor coming from phase b) with the second clarified leach liquor coming from phase d) and forming a single solution; f) subjecting the solution leaving phase e) to electrolysis in a flow cell, with a current density ranging from 50 to 10,000 A/m2, said electrolysis r

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrolytic process for producing metallic lead starting from desulfurized lead pastel comprising the following operative phases: a) leaching the desulfurized pastel by putting it in contact with a solution comprising ammonium chloride, with the formation of a leach liquor and evolution of gaseous CO2; b) separating a first solid residue and a first clarified leach liquor from the leach liquor coming from phase a); c) leaching the solid residue separated in phase b) by putting it in contact with a solution comprising ammonium chloride and hydrogen peroxide; d) separating a second solid residue and a second clarified leach liquor from the leach liquor coming from phase c); e) joining the first clarified leach liquor coming from phase b) with the second clarified leach liquor coming from phase d) and forming a single solution; f) subjecting the solution leaving phase e) to electrolysis in a flow cell, with a current density ranging from 50 to 10,000 A/m2, said electrolysis r

Abstract: An analysis system for and method of enabling determination of the velocities of migrating objects, the system comprising an equiphase space-time map generator for generating an equiphase space-time map of equiphase points from each of a plurality of data sets representative of the signals detected at a plurality of spaced positions, with the velocities of the objects being determinable by fitting the sets of equiphase points in the space-time map corresponding to the respective objects.

Abstract: A system and method of characterizing, in particular sequencing, polymeric samples, the system comprising: a space-time map generator for generating a space-time map of points representative of the signal peaks of signals detected at a plurality of spaced positions as passed by the migrating components of a plurality of separately-provided sample plugs; and a vertex finder for identifying vertices from the space-time map, with a single vertex being identified for the components of each separately-provided sample plug and the velocities of the sample components being determinable from the points in the space-time map.

Abstract: The claims describe methods for isolating functionally active Factor VIII using a membrane-based separation system containing a separation membrane to create a first and second interstitial volume between at least two restriction membranes. One or more stabilizing agents are added to the sample and/or an interstitial volume. A solvent in the first interstitial volume maintains FVIII in a desired charge state. Applying a potential between the first and second interstitial volumes separates FVIII on one side of the separation membrane from unwanted molecules on the other side of the separation membrane. These methods may also be used as a substitute for one or more steps in a conventional purification scheme for the separation of native or recombinant FVIII.

Abstract: Raw lead to be refined is leached in a leach apparatus with a leach solution containing fluoro compounds. During the leaching step, lead is dissolved, with ferric fluro compounds being reduced to ferrous fluro compounds. The leaching solution resulting from the leaching step is sent to the cathodic compartment of a diaphragm cell in which lead is deposited on a cathode, in compact, highly pure form. The solution that is depleted of lead is sent to the anodic compartment in which a suitable anode oxidizes the ferrous fluro compound to ferric fluro compounds that can be recycled to the leaching step.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the treatment of fluoboric electrolyte resulting from the processes of electro-extraction of metals such as copper and lead comprising a leaching stage with fluoboric acid, in order to recycle said fluoboric acid to be recirculated to said leaching stage devoid of impurities of metals such as Me=Fe, Zn, Ca, Mg, Cd, characterized in that it comprises the stages of: a) treating said fluoboric electrolyte comprising Cu(BF4)2 or Pb(BF4)2 with H2S in order to precipitate CuS or PbS respectively in accordance with the reactions Cu(BF4)2+H2S=>CuS+2HBF4  (1) Pb(BF4)2+H2S=>PbS+2HBF4  (2) thus obtaining a solution of HBF4 containing the fluoborates of said metals Me, said solution being separated, b) treating said Me fluoborates with H2SO4 in accordance with the reaction 2 Me(BF4)n+n H2SO4=>Me(SO4)n+2n HBF4  (3) (where Me=Fe, Zn, Ca, Mg, Cd) it being possible for said sulp

Abstract: A hydrometallurgical and electrochemical process for treating exhausted lead batteries, in particular the active mass and the electrolyte, is described having as products electrolytically obtained lead and elemental sulphur. The active mass (paste) obtained from the mechanical processing of the exhausted batteries, consisting mainly of lead sulphate and dioxide, is dispersed in a dilute H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 solution and then reacted with an Na.sub.2 S solution to convert all the lead compounds present into insoluble lead sulphide and sodium sulphate. After filtration, the sodium sulphate solution is evaporated to obtain the anhydrous salt. From this, by thermal reduction with carbon, the Na.sub.2 S is reformed for use in treating further paste. The lead sulphide obtained in this manner is leached with an electrolyte based on ferric fluoborate, which oxidizes the sulphide to elemental sulphur and solubilizes the lead in the form of fluoborate.

Abstract: A process for producing one or more metals from a mineral feedstock (12) is defined. The mineral is fed to a leaching apparatus (10) wherein it is contacted with electrolyte (14). The leaching apparatus has zones of decreasing oxidation potential (17, 18, 19, 20) respectively. A stream of electrolyte (14A) is removed from zone (20) and is treated to remove impurities and unwanted metals in treatment unit (25A), prior to metal recovery by electrolysis. The electrolyte after electrolysis is then returned to the leaching unit (10). A second electrolyte stream (14B) may be removed from zone (19) for recovery of additional metals. The electrolyte (14B) is treated to remove impurities and any unwanted metals in treatment unit (25B), prior to metal recovery by electrolysis. The electrolyte after electrolysis is returned to leaching unit (10). The process enables the leaching of difficult to leach minerals, including gold, and can produce one or more metals of high purity.