Abstract: Various embodiments include a method for operating an electrically rechargeable redox flow battery comprising a first chamber and a second chamber separated by a membrane, with the first chamber comprising a cathode and the second chamber comprising an anode. The method comprises: introducting a first electrolyte as catholyte into the first chamber; and introducing a second electrolyte as anolyte into the second chamber. At least one of the first electrolyte or the second electrolyte comprises a reduction-oxidation pair. The oxidation number of the reduction-oxidation pair is changed by addition of a first component.

Abstract: A method for forming a connection such as an electrical connection, to a fibre material electrode element comprises moving a length of the fibre material relative to a pressure injection stage and pressure impregnating by a series of pressure injection pulses a lug material into a lug zone part of the fibre material to surround and/or penetrate fibres of the fibre material and form a lug strip in the lug zone. The fibre material may be a carbon fibre material and the lug material a metal such as Pb or a Pb alloy. Apparatus for forming an electrical connection to a fibre material electrode element is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for forming a connection such as an electrical connection, to a fiber material electrode element comprises moving a length of the fiber material relative to a pressure injection stage and pressure impregnating by a series of pressure injection pulses a lug material into a lug zone part of the fiber material to surround and/or penetrate fibers of the fiber material and form a lug strip in the lug zone. The fiber material may be a carbon fiber material and the lug material a metal such as Pb or a Pb alloy. Apparatus for forming an electrical connection to a fiber material electrode element is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of a paste composition suitable for the production of an electrode for lead-acid battery, including mixing a carbon nanofiller/lead oxide composite of a first particulate size with sulphuric acid, water and further lead oxide of a second particulate size. Also, the paste thus obtained, the composite used in its manufacture, and the electrode and lead-acid battery obtained from this paste.

Abstract: In one aspect, a water-activated, ingestible battery, comprises a cathode comprising a metal oxide with a decreased amount of toxicity, relative to an amount of toxicity of other metal oxides; an anode comprising a biocompatible, water stable compound, the anode infused with benign cations; a separator between the cathode and the anode; a cathodic lead comprising a first conducting material, the cathodic lead in contact with the cathode; an anodic lead comprising a second conducting material, the anodic lead in contact with the anode; and a cell casing comprising a water-permeable biocompatible polymer, the cathodic lead, and the anodic lead, with the cell casing enclosing the cathode, the anode, and the separator.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a sealed battery includes: injecting an electrolytic solution into an exterior; introducing a detection gas into the exterior; and detecting a leakage by detecting a leakage of the detection gas introduced into the exterior, the electrolytic solution in an electrolytic solution tank is pressure fed into the exterior by pressurizing the electrolytic solution tank by feeding a gas of a kind the same as the detection gas in the electrolytic solution tank where the electrolytic solution is stored, in order to inject the electrolytic solution into the battery container.

Abstract: An integrated circuits with sequential logic circuitry is provided. The sequential logic circuitry may including latching circuits that receive clock signals from on-chip or off-chip clock sources. The clock signals may exhibit clock skew that is native to the integrated circuit. The natively existing clock skew can be leverage to perform time borrowing to help optimize circuit performance. The desired clock skew can be achieved by intelligent placement of the clock sources and deliberate routing of the clock signals from the clock sources to respective types of clock distribution networks on the integrated circuit.

Abstract: There is provided a method for producing a hybrid negative plate for a lead-acid storage battery which is improved in the production working efficiency and the productivity and enhances the quick charge and discharge characteristics and the discharge characteristics at a low temperature under PSOC of a lead-acid storage battery. A carbon mixture sheet produced by such a way that a carbon mixture prepared by mixing two types of carbon materials consisting of a first carbon material having electroconductivity and a second carbon material having capacitor capacitance and/or pseudocapacitor capacitance, and at least a binder, is adhered by pressure to the surface of a negative plate in a wet state, so that a hybrid negative plate is produced. The lead-acid storage battery provided with the hybrid negative plate is improved in the discharge characteristics.

Abstract: A display may have thin-film transistor circuitry that includes organic light-emitting diodes. The thin-film transistor circuitry may be formed on a substrate. First and second thin-film inorganic moisture barrier layers may be deposited on top of the thin-film transistor circuitry. An organic planarization layer may be interposed between the first and second thin-film inorganic moisture barrier layers. A moisture barrier glass layer may be attached to the second thin-film inorganic moisture barrier layer with a layer of liquid adhesive. The display may have functional layers such as a touch sensor and circular polarizer that are interposed between a cover glass layer and the moisture-barrier glass layer. A thermoplastic polymer moisture barrier ring that runs around the peripheral edge of the display may be laser welded between the moisture barrier glass layer and the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an anode active material for a lithium secondary battery, comprising a carbon material, and a coating layer formed on the surface of particles of the carbon material and having a plurality of Sn-based domains having an average diameter of 1 ?m or less. The inventive anode active material having a Sn-based domains coating layer on the surface of a carbon material can surprisingly prevent stress due to volume expansion which generates by an alloy of Sn and lithium. Also, the inventive method for preparing an anode active material can easily control the thickness of the coating layer.

Abstract: A method for producing at least one lead battery electrode, comprising the step of disposing an active paste on a support in such a manner as to form said electrode, and locating said electrode in a controlled atmosphere environment to expose said electrode to a gas enriched in ozone, characterised in that said electrode is exposed to an ozone-enriched gas of flow rate less than 100 liters per hour for each square meter of surface of said electrode.

Abstract: The lead sulfate (PbSO4) deposited on the surface of the positive electrode 18 or negative electrode 20 is reduced owing to the flow of the pulsating direct current from the positive electrode 18 toward the negative electrode 20 in the sullation removing step 34, while at the same time the positive electrode 18 of the lead-acid storage battery 10 is activated through the electrochemical doping in which the carbon suspension obtained by the electrolytic oxidation of the carbon positive electrode is used as at least a part of the battery electrolyte of the lead-acid storage battery 10 in the electrode activating step 40.

Abstract: A composition and plate-making process for a lead acid battery for reducing active material shrinkage in negative battery plates. A polymer is mixed with lead oxide, water, an expander and sulfuric acid to form a negative paste composition comprising the expander and basic lead sulfate crystals with the polymer absorbed on the crystal surfaces. The paste having the polymer addition is then pasted onto a grid where the paste is dried, cured and reacted to form a negative battery plate of the lead acid battery. The negative battery plate comprises a sponge lead negative active mass that exhibits less shrinkage by virtue of the polymer addition.

Abstract: This invention pertains to separators for electrochemical cells which comprise (i) two microporous pseudo-boehmite layers and (ii) a protective coating layer comprising a polymer interposed between the microporous pseudo-boehmite layers; electrolyte elements comprising such separators; electrical current producing cells comprising such separators; and methods of making such separators, electrolyte elements and cells.

Abstract: In a lead-acid battery, a positive active material includes tin in an amount of from not less than 0.2% to not more than 5% based on the weight thereof. The density of the positive active material after formation is from not less than 3.75 g/cc to not more than 5.0 g/cc. When the lead-acid battery is produced by a battery container formation, a time required between the infection of an electrolyte and the beginning of battery container formation is from not less than 0.1 hours to not more than 3 hours.

Abstract: Batteries based on lead chemistry, e.g., lead-acid batteries, are substantially improved through the use of a particular positive material. This material is formed by the electrochemical conversion of tetrabasic lead sulfate (TTB) where this TTB is synthesized at a pH in the range 9.3 to 12 and under reaction conditions that provide a substantial excess of sulfate to the reactive lead. The resulting materials provide needle-like structures with a width generally in the range 3 to 1 .mu.m. The relative narrow needles, when employed on the positive electrode of a lead acid battery, improve the efficiency of formation, provide good adhesive to the positive plate, extend battery life, as well as, yield excellent capacity per gram of active material.

Abstract: The battery system and process of the present invention enables the increase of the specific energy of the lead-acid battery by using new starting pastes which will allow significantly higher utilization efficiencies of the positive and negative pastes. The invention enables the increased utilization efficiency of both electrodes, to thereby increase the specific energy of the battery. Two paste combinations have been found to be advantageous. First, a battery has at its positive terminal, a lead sulfate (PbSO.sub.4) paste and at its negative terminal, a tribasic lead sulfate (3PbO'PbSO.sub.4 'H.sub.2 O). In a second combination, a paste of lead sulfate (PbSO.sub.4) is used at the positive electrode and while a monobasic lead sulfate (PbO.PbSO.sub.4), is applied to the negative electrodes.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of an electrode for lead-acid storage battery wherein a current-conducting backing is subjected to electrochemical treatment, to produce an active material. Said active material is formed from the outer layer of the current-conducting backing. The active material is subjected to compression by applying a pressure to the surface thereof.

Abstract: Batteries based on lead chemistry, e.g., lead-acid batteries, are substantially improved through the use of a particular positive material. This material is formed by the electrochemical conversion of tetrabasic lead sulfate (TTB) where this TTB is synthesized at a pH in the range 9.3 to 12 and under reaction conditions that provide a substantial excess of sulfate to the reactive lead. The resulting materials provide needle-like structures with a width generally in the range 3 to 1 .mu.m. The relative narrow needles, when employed on the positive electrode of a lead acid battery, improve the efficiency of formation, provide good adhesive to the positive plate, extend battery life, as well as, yield excellent capacity per gram of active material.

Abstract: Improvements are disclosed for electrochemical cells of the type comprising at least two bipolar electrodes, with a space occurring between adjacent electrodes which contains a liquid electrolyte. Improvement include forming improved plates for the electrodes from a thermoplastic polymer containing carbon black, wherein the electrodes are formed by dissolving the polymer in a suitable solvent, mixing carbon black with the solvent solution of the polymer, evaporating the solvent from the polymer solution containing the dispersed carbon black, pulverizing the resultant mixture of polymer and carbon black to form a powder, and pressing the powder at an elevated temperature into the improved plates. There is further disclosed, improvements in the formation of electrochemically active material on the plates of the bipolar electrodes, as well as improved separators for positioning between the bipolar electrodes and improved means for sealing the spaces between bipolar electrodes.