Abstract: Process of extracting sulphur-containing compounds from a hydrocarbon cut of the gasoline or LPG type by liquid-liquid extraction with a soda solution employing a unit (2) for pretreatment of the feedstock to be treated located upstream of the unit (4) for extraction with soda, said pretreatment unit consisting of a first pretreatment reactor operating in batch mode followed by a second continuous reactor of the piston type operating in piston mode.

Abstract: A method for reducing mercaptan concentration in a crude oil is disclosed. The method comprises contacting the crude with a treating solution comprising a hypochlorite solution, whereby the mercaptan sulfur is oxidized and converted to at least one sulfur oxoacid or salt thereof, yielding a treated crude oil having less than 50 ppm mercaptan sulfur and residual organic chloride. The treated crude oil containing residual organic chloride is brought in contact with a caustic solution at a molar ratio of caustic to chloride of 0.1:1 to 50:1, generating an upgraded crude oil with less than 10 ppm organic chloride. In one embodiment, the spent treating solution is recycled to form a regenerated hypochlorite stream for use in the treatment solution.

Abstract: Catalysts amenable to oxidizing sulfur compounds and systems and methods of using these catalysts to effect the removal of sulfur from crude oil and crude oil distillates are disclosed. The catalyst is disposed with a titanyl moiety which serves to selectively coordinate sulfur compounds and affect their oxidation. The titanyl may be bound within a polymer or on the surface of a polymer or on the surface or in the pores of an inorganic support. The resulting oxidized sulfur compounds are readily separated from the initial crude oil or crude oil distillate streams by traditional separation techniques arrayed as described in the systems and methods disclosed.

Abstract: A method for reducing mercaptan concentration in a liquid hydrocarbon, comprising: contacting a mercaptan-rich liquid hydrocarbon having a first concentration of mercaptan sulfur with a composition comprising an oxidizing agent and water wherein the molar ratio of the oxidizing agent to mercaptan sulfur in the mercaptan-rich liquid hydrocarbon is from 3:1 to 10:1; and separating the water from the liquid hydrocarbon to yield a mercaptan-depleted liquid hydrocarbon having a second concentration of mercaptan sulfur, the second concentration being less than the first concentration; wherein a major amount of mercaptan compounds in the mercaptan-rich liquid hydrocarbon are converted to at least one sulfur oxoacid or salt thereof, having the formula: [RSOx]nY wherein R is a hydrocarbyl group; x is an integer from 1 to 3; n is 1 or 2; and Y is hydrogen, an alkaline metal, or alkaline earth metal.

Abstract: A method for reducing mercaptan concentration in a crude oil is disclosed. The method comprises contacting the crude with a treating solution comprising a hypochlorite solution, whereby the mercaptan sulfur is oxidized and converted to at least one sulfur oxoacid or salt thereof, yielding a treated crude oil having less than 50 ppm mercaptan sulfur and residual organic chloride. The treated crude oil containing residual organic chloride is brought in contact with a caustic solution at a molar ratio of caustic to chloride of 0.1:1 to 50:1, generating an upgraded crude oil with less than 10 ppm organic chloride. In one embodiment, the spent treating solution is recycled to form a regenerated hypochlorite stream for use in the treatment solution.

Abstract: A method is provided for treating a sewage sludge-derived oil having a particular chemical composition, to reduce its odor. The method includes the first step of distilling the sewage sludge-derived oil to 150.degree. C. to remove water and volatile organic components, and then the essential step of circulating a gas consisting essentially of carbon dioxide gas therethrough.

Abstract: Small quantities of monosulfide organic compounds are removed from low boiling hydrocarbon fractions, e.g., n-hexane and lower by contacting the hydrocarbon stream with a dilute aqueous solution of NaOCl, which converts low boiling (n-hexane and lower range) monosulfides to high boiling sulfones allowing separation by fractionating the n-hexane through the lower boiling pentanes away. The NaOCl process does not appreciably effect disulfides, which boil at temperatures higher than Hexane, except for CS.sub.2. Hence a hydrocarbon stream that also contains carbon disulfide, produces a hydrocarbon fraction sustantially free of monosulfides, but containing CS.sub.2. The hydrocarbon fraction is then contacted with a quaternary ammonium cation exchange resin which removes CS.sub.2 to produce a substantially sulfur free n-hexane through lower boiling pentanes cut, which is useful for isomerization to higher octane feed stock.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon oils, particularly petroleum residua, are demetallized by contacting the oil first with an aqueous solution of a hypochlorite such as sodium hypochlorite or calcium hypochlorite and subsequently subjecting at least the oil fraction thereof to a solvent deasphalting step.

Abstract: A catalytic conversion process wherein a slowly deactivating catalyst contained in a multiplicity of fixed bed is operated in a serial fashion whereby the operating temperature of each catalyst bed is higher than the preceeding bed and the last catalyst bed in the series is removed from operation when a predetermined operating temperature is reached, the catalyst in the removed bed is reactivated or replaced and the reactivated or fresh bed is returned to service as the first bed in the series of fixed catalyst beds.